Anatomy and Physiology 2 Digestive System
List the four regions of the stomach
1. cardia 2. fundus 3. body 4. pylorus
The mouth, with its _______ _______ epithelium, is involved in both chemical and ____ digestion.
1. stratified 2. squamous 3. mechanical
Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm
B) greater omentum
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels
B) sensory neural network
59) What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
C) large intestine
The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A) serosa B) adventitia C) mesenteries D) fibrosa E) lamina propria
C) mesenteries
58) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.
C) mesentery proper
A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the
C) stomach
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels
D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa
52) The activities of the digestive system are regulated by A) hormones. B) parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. C) the contents of the digestive tract. D) intrinsic nerve plexuses. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
_________ cells of the mucosa secrete hormones into the blood.
Enteroendocrine
Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
Oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus
Simple columnar epithelium with mucous cells
Stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestine
List two main divisions of the digestive system
alimentary (digestive) tract; accessory digestive organs
the digestive tract is also referred to as the
alimentary canal and GI tract
each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except
bladder
Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either _______ or ________ vessels.
blood lymphatic (lacteal)
The microvilli of the small intestine's epithelial cells form the ____ border
brush
The muscularis mucosa has both _______ and ______ fibers that function in moving the villi to aid in digestion and absorption.
circular longitudinal
List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa
circular, longitudinal, oblique
The mucosa includes a type of______ _______ that forms the inner lining of the lumen.
columnar epithelium
List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ilium
which of the following is not a function of the digestive system
filtration
Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in its ______ _________connective tissue layer.
lamina propia
The function of epithelial goblet cells is to secrete
mucin
the lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the
mucosa
The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are:
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
The smooth muscle layer of the mucosa is called the
muscularis mucosa
The network of neurons in between the two muscle layers of the muscularis externa is the
myenteric plexus
which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion
pancreas
waves of muscular contraction that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
The two types of movements produced by contractions of the muscularis externa are
peristalsis and segmentation.
From largest to smallest, list the three modifications of the small intestine's inner wall that function to increase surface area:
plicae circularis, villi, microvilli
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa.
The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the
submucosal plexus
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the
submucosal plexus.
digestion refers to
the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
The large intestine absorbs ____, ___, and ___.
water salt vitamin K