Anatomy and Physiology 2 Digestive System

List the four regions of the stomach

1. cardia 2. fundus 3. body 4. pylorus

The mouth, with its _______ _______ epithelium, is involved in both chemical and ____ digestion.

1. stratified 2. squamous 3. mechanical

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) falciform ligament B) greater omentum C) mesentery proper D) lesser omentum E) diaphragm

B) greater omentum

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

B) sensory neural network

59) What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

C) large intestine

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A) serosa B) adventitia C) mesenteries D) fibrosa E) lamina propria

C) mesenteries

58) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

C) mesentery proper

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the

C) stomach

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? A) component of mucosa B) sensory neural network C) secretes a watery fluid D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa E) loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

D) coordinates activity of muscularis externa

52) The activities of the digestive system are regulated by A) hormones. B) parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. C) the contents of the digestive tract. D) intrinsic nerve plexuses. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

_________ cells of the mucosa secrete hormones into the blood.

Enteroendocrine

Lined by stratified squamous epithelium

Oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus

Simple columnar epithelium with mucous cells

Stomach, small intestine, and most of large intestine

List two main divisions of the digestive system

alimentary (digestive) tract; accessory digestive organs

the digestive tract is also referred to as the

alimentary canal and GI tract

each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except

bladder

Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either _______ or ________ vessels.

blood lymphatic (lacteal)

The microvilli of the small intestine's epithelial cells form the ____ border

brush

The muscularis mucosa has both _______ and ______ fibers that function in moving the villi to aid in digestion and absorption.

circular longitudinal

List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa

circular, longitudinal, oblique

The mucosa includes a type of______ _______ that forms the inner lining of the lumen.

columnar epithelium

List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ilium

which of the following is not a function of the digestive system

filtration

Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in its ______ _________connective tissue layer.

lamina propia

The function of epithelial goblet cells is to secrete

mucin

the lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

mucosa

The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are:

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

The smooth muscle layer of the mucosa is called the

muscularis mucosa

The network of neurons in between the two muscle layers of the muscularis externa is the

myenteric plexus

which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion

pancreas

waves of muscular contraction that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

The two types of movements produced by contractions of the muscularis externa are

peristalsis and segmentation.

From largest to smallest, list the three modifications of the small intestine's inner wall that function to increase surface area:

plicae circularis, villi, microvilli

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa.

The built-in (intrinsic) network of nerve cells in the submucosa is the

submucosal plexus

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

submucosal plexus.

digestion refers to

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

The large intestine absorbs ____, ___, and ___.

water salt vitamin K