anatomy and physiology chapter 4

What provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer? Merkel cells epidermis dendritic cells elastic fibers melanocytes collagen fibers

collagen fibers

The only dry membrane is the ________. cutaneous membrane mucous membrane synovial membrane basement membrane serous membrane

cutaneous membrane

What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin? sebaceous gland apocrine gland salivary gland eccrine gland oil gland

eccrine gland

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect? A stands for asymmetry. B stands for border irregularity. C stands for color. D stands for diagnosis.

D stands for diagnosis

In order to warm the body up when cold ________. sudoriferous glands release sweat the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright melanin is produced sebaceous glands release oil vitamin D is synthesized

The arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale? psoriasis basal cell carcinoma malignant melanoma squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________. green orange pink brown blue

brown

The two main layers of skin are ________. papillary layer and reticular layer stratum basale and dermis epidermis and dermis epidermis and hypodermis stratum corneum and dermis

epidermis and dermis

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts. mucous exocrine serous endocrine

exocrine

Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree, or full-thickness, burn. True False

false

Milia is most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands. True False

false

The ABCDE rule is used for classifying burns. True False

false

The epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue. True False

false

The rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burned. True False

false

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate. True False

false

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis? fourth third second first

first

Where does hair growth occur? hair medulla hair cuticle hair shaft hair cortex hair matrix

hair matrix

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed? hair matrix hair root hair follicle hair shaft

hair shaft

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ________. psoriasis cold sores contact dermatitis impetigo

impetigo

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________. integumentary system endocrine system immune system lymphatic system skeletal system

integumentary system

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders? cyanosis jaundice erythema bruising pallor

jaundice

Although you get wet while swimming, which tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge? mucus melanin carotene serous fluid keratin

keratin

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________. hemoglobin carotene keratin melanin

melanin

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of ________. oil melanin keratin sweat epidermis dendritic cells

melanin

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color? sebum; sweat; urea collagen; elastic; keratin melanin; jaundice; erythema melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule? melanoma basal cell carcinoma psoriasis impetigo squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria? melanin sweat sebum carotene

sebum

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn fourth-degree burn

second-degree burn

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior. cutaneous mucous synovial serous

serous

The epidermis is composed of ________. simple columnar epithelium adipose tissue dense fibrous connective tissue areolar tissue stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed? stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum corneum

stratum basale

What layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer? stratum spinosum stratum lucidum stratum basale stratum corneum stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints. synovial mucous serous cutaneous

synovial

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee? keratin serous fluid sweat sebum synovial fluid

synovial fluid

Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color. True False

true

Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations. True False

true

Nails and hair are both composed of keratin. True False

true

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin. True False

true

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum. True False

true

The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened. True False

true

The connective tissue composing the dermis is made of two regions: the papillary and the reticular areas. True False

true

The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes. True False

true

The pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. True False

true

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________. measuring urinary output and fluid intake performing enzyme studies blood analysis using the "rule of nines" observing the tissues that are usually moist

using the "rule of nines"

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin? vitamin A vitamin K vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E

vitamin D