A & P (Exam 3)
Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called
essential fatty acids.
Define beta-oxidation. (Module 23.11A)
fatty acid catabolism
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
How do the absorptive and postabsorptive states maintain normal blood glucose levels? (Module 23.13C)
During the absorptive state, glucagon stimulates glucose uptake by cells and during the postabsorptive state, insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose.
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Which other systems work with the digestive system to support the cells and tissues of the human body? (Module 22.1A)
respiratory, cardiovascular, and urinary systems
What is the function of parietal cells? (Module 22.11B)
secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
Which of the following is greater? the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
the volume of the thorax increases.
What is the primary digestive function of the pancreas? (Module 22.23A)
to produce buffers and enzymes for the digestion of starches, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's
vital capacity.
Distinguish between the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas. (Module 22.18B)
The exocrine pancreas produces buffers and enzymes and the endocrine pancreas produces hormones.
Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?
cilia
The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats.
12 to 18
Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe elevated levels of glucocorticoids ketone bodies in his urine lowered blood pH
All of the answers are correct
________ equals the respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space).
Alveolar ventilation rate
Compare catabolism and anabolism. (Module 23.1A)
Catabolism is the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones, whereas anabolism is buildup of large molecules from smaller building blocks.
How are hypoxia and anoxia different? (Module 21.8B)
Hypoxia is low tissue oxygen levels; anoxia is the complete cutoff of oxygen supply.
During exercise, hemoglobin releases more oxygen to active skeletal muscles than it does when those muscles are at rest. Why? (Module 21.13B)
Increased temperature and decreased pH generated by active skeletal muscles cause hemoglobin to release more oxygen during exercise than when the muscles are at rest.
________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.
Inspiratory reserve volume
________ creates 90 percent of the ATP normally generated.
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"?
P outside < P inside
What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"?
P outside > P inside
What would happen to the alveoli if surfactant were not produced? (Module 21.7C)
The alveoli would collapse because of the normally high surface tension of the water coating the alveolar surfaces.
Which of the following is not true of parietal cells?
They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands.
________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.
Tidal volume
At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?
across the respiratory membrane
The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the
alveoli
Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur? (Module 21.1A)
alveoli
Pancreatic endocrine cells secrete all of the following EXCEPT
amylase
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is
cholecystokinin
Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is
bound to hemoglobin
Gastrin secretion is associated with
decreased gastric acid production.
The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is
duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
When and how do ketone bodies form? (Module 23.13B)
during the postabsorptive state when lipids and amino acids are broken down by the liver
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
gastrin
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
gastrin
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.
The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as
hypoxia.
Where does most nutrient absorption occur? (Module 23.8B)
in the small intestine, primarily in the jejunum
The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called
metabolism
The gastroileal reflex
moves some chyme to the colon.
The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the
mucus escalator.
What is the function of the salivary glands? (Module 22.18A)
produce mucin and enzymes
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what?
pyruvate
Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood? (Module 22.14C)
raise
Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?
respiratory
The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of
simple squamous epithelium.
