Anatomy & physiology chapter 6

False

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions

False

The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus

Osmosis

Water will move through the cell membrane by:

Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:

active transport

facilitated diffusion

Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule

Isomerases

Which enzymes rearrange atoms within a molecule?

Directly releases 36 ATPs of energy

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

False

The vesicles used in exocytosis have broken off from the mitochondria and are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton

True

Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles

False

Diffusion is a characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system

False

Diffusion is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as:

False

Digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrases

Hydrolases

Digestive enzymes belong to which group?

False

Oxygen is used in the citric acid cycle in cell respiration

False

The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondrial membrane

True

The energy storage molecules NADH and FADH2 have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system

hydrostatic pressure

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as

True

The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into jt

False

The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrose joins two sucrose molecules together

Active site

The location at which the enzyme molecule binds to the substance it acts on is called the:

False

The most important end product in cellular respiration is oxygen

True

The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists is called filtration

Filtration

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:

True

The process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle

True

The process of glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose

True

The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking

Gated channel proteins

The proteins in the cell membrane that can open and close are called:

True

The size of the molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration

Aquaporins

The small water channels in the cell membrane are called:

True

The sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane moves potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell

False

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process

False

The three processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the proton transport system

False

To maintain homeostasis, the sodium-potassium pump moves equal amounts of sodium and potassium into and out of the cell

Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell

Which is not true about the sodium potassium pump?

Three potassium ions are taken into the cell

Which is true about the sodium potassium pump?

Phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a passive transport process

Uses cellular energy

Which of the following is not true of diffusion

They increase the activation of a reaction

Which of the following is not true of enzymes?

It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule

Which of the following is not true of glycolysis ?

The vesicles containing the protein were formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not true of the exocytosis?

They turn smaller molecules into larger ones, & they require energy from the cell

Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?

They turn larger molecules into smaller ones

Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways?

carboxylases or decarboxylases

add or remove carbon dioxide

osmotic pressure

the pressure of a solution that is the pressure that prevents the movement of water by osmosis from pure water into the solution

Pyruvate

end product of glycolysis

False

Coenzymes join enzymes to form proenzymes

Phagocytosis

The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of:

Hydrolases

digestive enzymes

Endocytosis

Phagocytosis is an example of:

Citric acid cycle

Process also called the Krebs cycle

Oxidases and hydrogenases

involved in oxidation-reduction reactions

Diffusion requires:

A concentration gradient

False

A 10% solution of NaC1 had a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucoss

A greater; than

A hypertonic solution contains______concentration of solute_____the cell

True

A hypertonic solution had a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution

Hudryases

Add water to a molecule without splitting jt

True

Because a living cell membrane can limit the diffusion of some substances by opening and closing channels, the membrane can be called selectively permeable

False

Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell

True

Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occur in the mitochondria

Falsie

Cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis

Lactate

Converted from pyruvic acid if no oxygen is present

Anaerobic

Describes a process that can take place without oxygen

False

Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes, because they require a carrier system such as a pump

True

Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins

True

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process

Glycolysis

First step in cellular respiration

False

For an enzyme to function, the coenzyme must fit into the enzymes active site like a key fits into a lock

True

For osmosis to occur there must be at least one impermeable solute present

True

For osmosis to occur, a selectively permeable membrane must be present

Electrical changes or voltage, chemicals, and light

Gated channels in the cell membrane can be "opened" by:

False

Gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli

Generated by the concentration of the heart, generated by gravity, important to the functioning of the kidney

Hydrostatic pressure in the blood is:

Glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution & water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution

If a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane:

True

If a blood cell was placed in a solution and the cell began to swell and take in water, the solution would be called hypotonic to the cell

Electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport system

In aerobic respiration, the function of oxygen is to combine with:

Electron transport system

Last step in cellular respiration

phosphorylating enzymes

add or remove phosphate groups

True

Molecules may move down their concentration gradient by passing through a membrane carrier

False

Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions

True

One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up, or against, its concentration gradient

True

One possible end product of glycolysis is lactate

True

Phagocytosis and exocytosis are opposite processes

False

Protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity

True

Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells

False

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse

True

Special membrane channels called aquaporins assist the diffusion of water across the cell membrane

True

Temperate and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme

False

The "lock and key model" is used to describe how mRNA and tRNA abs pairs align

True

The "lock-and-key" model of enzyme function explains how the protein and substrate join

False

The process of end-product inhibition pathway is an example of a positive-feedback loop

True

The active transport process involving pumps requires both a carrier system and cellular energy

True

The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sucrose is probably specific to that reaction

An even exchange of material across the membrane

Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be:

False

When molecules pass directly through the cell membrane, the process is called filtration

Temperature, pH, an increase in the amount of end product produced by a reaction

Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme?

NAD

compound that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport system

mutases or isomerases

rearrange atoms within a molecule

carrier-mediated transport

A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of:

allosteric effector

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing the enzymes shape is called a(n):

Hypertonic

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell

False

A semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur

True

A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane

True

A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent

False

Activation energy is the amount of energy gained by the cell as a result of a catabolic pathway

False

Active transport process that use protein carrier molecules, or pumps, do not use cellular energy by rely instead in concentration gradients.

Lysosome

After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle can digest what is in the vesicle?

False

All enzyme names end with the suffix "-ase"

Endocytosis

All of the following are examples of passive transport except

True

Allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzymes active site

False

An enzyme eliminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

True

An enzyme is a catalyst

False

An inorganic substance, such as an ion, is called coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme

False

Anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration

True

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic

False

Glycolysis produces very little ATP but produces several molecules of NADG and FADH2

There would be a net loss of water out of the cell

If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution:

There would be a net gain of water in the cell

If a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution:

False

Lactate is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle

Flase

Most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP

Both into and out of the cell

NaC1 would move through the cell membrane in which direction?

Mitochondria

Part of the cell in which citric acid cycles take place

Cytosol

Part of the cell in which glycolysis takes place

True

Phagocytosis can be translated to "cell eating"

True

Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction

acetyl coenzyme A

carries the end product of glycolysis to the citric acid cycle