Anatomy & physiology chapter 6
False
Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions
False
The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus
Osmosis
Water will move through the cell membrane by:
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:
active transport
facilitated diffusion
Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule
Isomerases
Which enzymes rearrange atoms within a molecule?
Directly releases 36 ATPs of energy
Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?
False
The vesicles used in exocytosis have broken off from the mitochondria and are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton
True
Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles
False
Diffusion is a characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system
False
Diffusion is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeable solute is referred to as:
False
Digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrases
Hydrolases
Digestive enzymes belong to which group?
False
Oxygen is used in the citric acid cycle in cell respiration
False
The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondrial membrane
True
The energy storage molecules NADH and FADH2 have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system
hydrostatic pressure
The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as
True
The higher the osmotic pressure of a solution, the greater the tendency for water to move into jt
False
The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrose joins two sucrose molecules together
Active site
The location at which the enzyme molecule binds to the substance it acts on is called the:
False
The most important end product in cellular respiration is oxygen
True
The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists is called filtration
Filtration
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:
True
The process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle
True
The process of glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate for every one molecule of glucose
True
The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking
Gated channel proteins
The proteins in the cell membrane that can open and close are called:
True
The size of the molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration
Aquaporins
The small water channels in the cell membrane are called:
True
The sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane moves potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell
False
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process
False
The three processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the proton transport system
False
To maintain homeostasis, the sodium-potassium pump moves equal amounts of sodium and potassium into and out of the cell
Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell
Which is not true about the sodium potassium pump?
Three potassium ions are taken into the cell
Which is true about the sodium potassium pump?
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is not a passive transport process
Uses cellular energy
Which of the following is not true of diffusion
They increase the activation of a reaction
Which of the following is not true of enzymes?
It is able to get almost all of the energy out of a glucose molecule
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis ?
The vesicles containing the protein were formed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is not true of the exocytosis?
They turn smaller molecules into larger ones, & they require energy from the cell
Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?
They turn larger molecules into smaller ones
Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways?
carboxylases or decarboxylases
add or remove carbon dioxide
osmotic pressure
the pressure of a solution that is the pressure that prevents the movement of water by osmosis from pure water into the solution
Pyruvate
end product of glycolysis
False
Coenzymes join enzymes to form proenzymes
Phagocytosis
The engulfing of microbes by white blood cells is an example of:
Hydrolases
digestive enzymes
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis is an example of:
Citric acid cycle
Process also called the Krebs cycle
Oxidases and hydrogenases
involved in oxidation-reduction reactions
Diffusion requires:
A concentration gradient
False
A 10% solution of NaC1 had a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucoss
A greater; than
A hypertonic solution contains______concentration of solute_____the cell
True
A hypertonic solution had a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution
Hudryases
Add water to a molecule without splitting jt
True
Because a living cell membrane can limit the diffusion of some substances by opening and closing channels, the membrane can be called selectively permeable
False
Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell
True
Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occur in the mitochondria
Falsie
Cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis
Lactate
Converted from pyruvic acid if no oxygen is present
Anaerobic
Describes a process that can take place without oxygen
False
Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes, because they require a carrier system such as a pump
True
Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins
True
Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process
Glycolysis
First step in cellular respiration
False
For an enzyme to function, the coenzyme must fit into the enzymes active site like a key fits into a lock
True
For osmosis to occur there must be at least one impermeable solute present
True
For osmosis to occur, a selectively permeable membrane must be present
Electrical changes or voltage, chemicals, and light
Gated channels in the cell membrane can be "opened" by:
False
Gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli
Generated by the concentration of the heart, generated by gravity, important to the functioning of the kidney
Hydrostatic pressure in the blood is:
Glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution & water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution
If a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane:
True
If a blood cell was placed in a solution and the cell began to swell and take in water, the solution would be called hypotonic to the cell
Electrons and hydrogen at the end of the electron transport system
In aerobic respiration, the function of oxygen is to combine with:
Electron transport system
Last step in cellular respiration
phosphorylating enzymes
add or remove phosphate groups
True
Molecules may move down their concentration gradient by passing through a membrane carrier
False
Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions
True
One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up, or against, its concentration gradient
True
One possible end product of glycolysis is lactate
True
Phagocytosis and exocytosis are opposite processes
False
Protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity
True
Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells
False
Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse
True
Special membrane channels called aquaporins assist the diffusion of water across the cell membrane
True
Temperate and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme
False
The "lock and key model" is used to describe how mRNA and tRNA abs pairs align
True
The "lock-and-key" model of enzyme function explains how the protein and substrate join
False
The process of end-product inhibition pathway is an example of a positive-feedback loop
True
The active transport process involving pumps requires both a carrier system and cellular energy
True
The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sucrose is probably specific to that reaction
An even exchange of material across the membrane
Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be:
False
When molecules pass directly through the cell membrane, the process is called filtration
Temperature, pH, an increase in the amount of end product produced by a reaction
Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme?
NAD
compound that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport system
mutases or isomerases
rearrange atoms within a molecule
carrier-mediated transport
A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of:
allosteric effector
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing the enzymes shape is called a(n):
Hypertonic
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell
False
A semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur
True
A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane
True
A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent
False
Activation energy is the amount of energy gained by the cell as a result of a catabolic pathway
False
Active transport process that use protein carrier molecules, or pumps, do not use cellular energy by rely instead in concentration gradients.
Lysosome
After phagocytosis occurs, enzymes from which organelle can digest what is in the vesicle?
False
All enzyme names end with the suffix "-ase"
Endocytosis
All of the following are examples of passive transport except
True
Allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzymes active site
False
An enzyme eliminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
True
An enzyme is a catalyst
False
An inorganic substance, such as an ion, is called coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme
False
Anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration
True
Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic
False
Glycolysis produces very little ATP but produces several molecules of NADG and FADH2
There would be a net loss of water out of the cell
If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution:
There would be a net gain of water in the cell
If a cell were placed in a hypotonic solution:
False
Lactate is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle
Flase
Most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP
Both into and out of the cell
NaC1 would move through the cell membrane in which direction?
Mitochondria
Part of the cell in which citric acid cycles take place
Cytosol
Part of the cell in which glycolysis takes place
True
Phagocytosis can be translated to "cell eating"
True
Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction
acetyl coenzyme A
carries the end product of glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
