Anatomy & Physiology II Ch. 19
The function of hemoglobin is to
-carry oxygen. -carry carbon dioxide.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals
B) helper cells are one type
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4. D) built-in system for clotting. E) deep red color from hemoglobin.
B) viscosity about the same as water.
The process of fibrinolysis
dissolves clots
A moving blood clot is called a(n)
embolus.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin.
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen.
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
four iron atoms.
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
heme molecules lacking iron.
Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? A) RBCs5.2 million/μl B) platelets280,000/μl C) leukocytes8600/μl D) hemoglobin10.7 g/100 ml E) hematocrit44 percent
D) hemoglobin10.7 g/100 ml
All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. D) important in coagulation. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.
D) important in coagulation
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen.
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
injections of vitamin B12
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid.
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
metalloprotein
The most abundant white blood cells are?
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
neutrophils
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
neutrophils.
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
red bone marrow
Granulocytes form in
red bone marrow.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
red bone marrow.
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?
vitamin K
Which of the following drives exchange of fluids between the tissues and the blood?
-concentration gradients -osmosis -hydrostatic pressure
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from
-excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. -extensive breakdown of RBCs. -destruction of hemoglobin.
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as
-hemosiderin -ferritin
If bile ducts are blocked,
-more bilirubin appears in the plasma. -bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
-oxygen levels in the blood decrease -blood flow to the kidney declines
Which of the following proteins is (are) found in plasma?
-prolactin -luteinizing hormone -insulin
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the
-spleen. -liver. -bone marrow.
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the
-sternum and ribs -iliac crest, body of vertebrae
Platelets are stored as a reserve in case of hemorrhage in
-the spleen. -other vascular organs.
Which of the following is a function of the blood?
-transport of nutrients and wastes - transport of body heat - transport of gases - defense against toxins and pathogens
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free
Monocytes
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
Reticulocytes
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis
Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.
extrinsic
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called
normochromic.
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
recycled to the red bone marrow
All the circulating red blood cells originate in the
red bone marrow.
Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? A) 10,000 WBC B) 3.5 million RBC C) 400,000 platelets D) 5.5 million RBC E) A and D taken together
B) 3.5 million RBC
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? A) hemoglobin B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin E) B, C, and D
B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin
Which of the following statements about blood is false? A) contains buffers that control pH B) normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0 C) is more viscous than water D) is about 55 percent plasma E) None of the above is falseall are true.
B) normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except A) the spleen. B) the kidney. C) the lymph nodes. D) the red bone marrow. E) the thymus.
B) the kidney.
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils
C) antibodies
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Coagulation
A person with Type A blood has A) antigen A on the RBCs. B) anti-B agglutinins in the plasma. C) anti-A agglutinins on the red blood cells. D) A and B only E) B and C only
D) A and B only
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if A) the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative. B) both the father and the mother are Rh negative. C) both the father and the mother are Rh positive. D) an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. E) an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.
D) an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.
In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A) a person suffering from hemolysis B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver C) iron-deficient diet D) A, B, and C E) A and B only
E) A and B only
Which of the following is true of basophils? A) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs B) granules contain heparin C) granules contain histamine D) attract other defense cells E) all of the above
E) all of the above
The function of red blood cells is to
-carry carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs -carry oxygen from the lungs to the bodyʹs cells
You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?
3.8 L
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
4 months.
A typical adult hematocrit is
45
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins.
Which of the following is present in very low levels in plasma?
amino acids
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
hematocrit.
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
hemoglobin.
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic.
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins.
Plasma thromboplastin is a factor in the ________ pathway.
intrinsic
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals
A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect A) an increased reticulocyte count. B) an increased platelet count. C) an increased erythrocyte count. D) an increased neutrophil count. E) increased levels of clotting factors.
A) an increased reticulocyte count.
Platelets function in all of the following, except A) dissolving a formed clot. B) forming temporary clump in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting.
A) dissolving a formed clot.
Which of the following is NOT true of neutrophils? A) less abundant than lymphocytes B) can make hydrogen peroxide C) can exit capillaries D) can destroy bacteria E) attracted to complement-coated bacteria
A) less abundant than lymphocytes
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
Anemia
Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? A) iron deficiency B) vitamin B12 deficiency C) lack of intrinsic factor D) vitamin K deficiency E) vitamin B6 deficiency
B) vitamin B12 deficiency
The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.
5.3
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
55, 92
Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals
E) often elevated in allergic individuals
A hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is
G-CSF (Neupogen).
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A) Red cells are biconcave discs. B) Red cells lack mitochondria. C) Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter. D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.
Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
a superficial vein.
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from?
an artery.
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils
The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the
concentration of proteins.
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
hormone that regulates blood cell formation
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
hormone-binding
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes
Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called
plaques.
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin
A personʹs blood type is determined largely by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
produce antibodies in response to antigens
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the
release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as
reticulocytes
Which plasma protein transports testosterone?
testosterone-binding globulin
Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
the liver
People with type AB blood are considered the ʺuniversal recipientʺ for transfusions because
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
thrombin.
A person whose platelet count is 40,000/μl is suffering from
thrombocytopenia
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is
GM-CSF.
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
The most abundant component of plasma is
water