Anatomy & Physiology II Ch. 19

The function of hemoglobin is to

-carry oxygen. -carry carbon dioxide.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals

B) helper cells are one type

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4. D) built-in system for clotting. E) deep red color from hemoglobin.

B) viscosity about the same as water.

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

embolus.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms.

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? A) RBCs5.2 million/μl B) platelets280,000/μl C) leukocytes8600/μl D) hemoglobin10.7 g/100 ml E) hematocrit44 percent

D) hemoglobin10.7 g/100 ml

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are A) granular leukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. D) important in coagulation. E) active in fighting bacterial infections.

D) important in coagulation

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

The most abundant white blood cells are?

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

neutrophils.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

vitamin K

Which of the following drives exchange of fluids between the tissues and the blood?

-concentration gradients -osmosis -hydrostatic pressure

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

-excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. -extensive breakdown of RBCs. -destruction of hemoglobin.

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

-hemosiderin -ferritin

If bile ducts are blocked,

-more bilirubin appears in the plasma. -bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

-oxygen levels in the blood decrease -blood flow to the kidney declines

Which of the following proteins is (are) found in plasma?

-prolactin -luteinizing hormone -insulin

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the

-spleen. -liver. -bone marrow.

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

-sternum and ribs -iliac crest, body of vertebrae

Platelets are stored as a reserve in case of hemorrhage in

-the spleen. -other vascular organs.

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

-transport of nutrients and wastes - transport of body heat - transport of gases - defense against toxins and pathogens

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free

Monocytes

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Reticulocytes

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called

normochromic.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

red bone marrow.

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? A) 10,000 WBC B) 3.5 million RBC C) 400,000 platelets D) 5.5 million RBC E) A and D taken together

B) 3.5 million RBC

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? A) hemoglobin B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin E) B, C, and D

B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin

Which of the following statements about blood is false? A) contains buffers that control pH B) normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0 C) is more viscous than water D) is about 55 percent plasma E) None of the above is falseall are true.

B) normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0

The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except A) the spleen. B) the kidney. C) the lymph nodes. D) the red bone marrow. E) the thymus.

B) the kidney.

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils

C) antibodies

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

A person with Type A blood has A) antigen A on the RBCs. B) anti-B agglutinins in the plasma. C) anti-A agglutinins on the red blood cells. D) A and B only E) B and C only

D) A and B only

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if A) the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative. B) both the father and the mother are Rh negative. C) both the father and the mother are Rh positive. D) an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. E) an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.

D) an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? A) a person suffering from hemolysis B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver C) iron-deficient diet D) A, B, and C E) A and B only

E) A and B only

Which of the following is true of basophils? A) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs B) granules contain heparin C) granules contain histamine D) attract other defense cells E) all of the above

E) all of the above

The function of red blood cells is to

-carry carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs -carry oxygen from the lungs to the bodyʹs cells

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months.

A typical adult hematocrit is

45

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins.

Which of the following is present in very low levels in plasma?

amino acids

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit.

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin.

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

Plasma thromboplastin is a factor in the ________ pathway.

intrinsic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals

A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect A) an increased reticulocyte count. B) an increased platelet count. C) an increased erythrocyte count. D) an increased neutrophil count. E) increased levels of clotting factors.

A) an increased reticulocyte count.

Platelets function in all of the following, except A) dissolving a formed clot. B) forming temporary clump in injured areas. C) contraction after clot formation. D) initiating the clotting process. E) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting.

A) dissolving a formed clot.

Which of the following is NOT true of neutrophils? A) less abundant than lymphocytes B) can make hydrogen peroxide C) can exit capillaries D) can destroy bacteria E) attracted to complement-coated bacteria

A) less abundant than lymphocytes

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? A) iron deficiency B) vitamin B12 deficiency C) lack of intrinsic factor D) vitamin K deficiency E) vitamin B6 deficiency

B) vitamin B12 deficiency

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

5.3

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55, 92

Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils? A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) helper cells are one type C) produce antibodies in response to antigens D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals

E) often elevated in allergic individuals

A hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is

G-CSF (Neupogen).

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? A) Red cells are biconcave discs. B) Red cells lack mitochondria. C) Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter. D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen. E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein.

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from?

an artery.

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

concentration of proteins.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called

plaques.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

A personʹs blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

produce antibodies in response to antigens

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes

Which plasma protein transports testosterone?

testosterone-binding globulin

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

People with type AB blood are considered the ʺuniversal recipientʺ for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin.

A person whose platelet count is 40,000/μl is suffering from

thrombocytopenia

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is

GM-CSF.

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

The most abundant component of plasma is

water