Anatomy & Physiology II: Homework #2 (Hormones & Endocrine System)

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is... A) TSH B) ACTH C) FSH D) LH E) GH

A) TSH

The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involved all of the following steps except... A) activation of cAMP B) transport into the target cell C) binding to a cytoplasmic receptor protein D) activation of specific genes E) protein synthesis

A) activation of cAMP

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they... A) are produced by the anterior pituitary B) are derived from cholesterol C) are produced by reproductive glands D) bind to receptors within the cell E) are lipids

A) are produced by the anterior pituitary

Peptide hormones are... A) composed of amino acids B) produces by the gonads C) steroids D) lipids E) chemically related to cholesterol

A) composed of amino acids

Which of the following hormones increases & prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? A) cortisol B) parathyroid hormone C) insulin D) growth hormone E) acetylcholine

A) cortisol

The endocrine portion of the pancreas secretes... A) glucagon; insulin B) somatostatin; insulin C) insulin; growth hormone D) glucagon; somatostatin E) digestive enzymes & NaHCO3

A) glucagon; insulin

All target cells... A) have hormone receptors B) respond to electrical signals C) secrete hormones D) produce their own hormones E) are in the blood

A) have hormone receptors

A kinase is an enzyme that performs... A) phosphorylation B) as a membrane channel C) active transport D) protein synthesis E) as an antibody

A) phosphorylation

Why is it that steroid hormones use receptors inside the target cells, whereas protein, peptide, & amino acid hormones do not? A) Steroids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids & the membrane is lipid B) Amino acids & peptide hormones do not have a 3 dimensional structure that can bind to internal receptors C) Cells are full of steroid molecules so it is easy for steroid molecules to enter D) The target cells affected by steroid hormones have all of their receptors in the cell cytoplasm E) All of the answers are correct

A) steroids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids & the membrane is lipid

Hormones that activate other endocrine glands belong to the group known as... A) tropic B) steroid C) non-steroid D) catecholasmines E) eicosanoids

A) tropic

The hormone that stimulates cell growth & repair is... A) oxytocin B) ADH C) GH D) prolactin E) FSH

C) GH (growth hormone)

Increased levels of the hormone _________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) PTH D) aldosterone E) cortisol

C) PTH

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce... A) epinephrine B) norepinephrine C) aldosterone D) ACTH E) angiotensin

C) aldosterone

Steroid hormones... A) are proteins B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells D) include topic hormones E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma

C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin? A) thyroid gland B) adrenal gland C) blood glucose concentration D) hypothalamus E) tropic hormones from the pituitary gland

C) blood glucose concentration

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is... A) parathyroid hormone B) thyroxine C) calcitonin D) glucagon E) oxytocin

C) calcitonin

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is... A) aldosterone B) insulin C) cortisol D) calcitonin E) renin

C) cortisol

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are... A) lipids B) steroids C) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine D) derivatives of reproductive organs

C) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in... A) acromegaly B) goiter C) diabetes mellitus D) diabetes insipidus E) Addison's disease

C) diabetes mellitus

When blood glucose levels fall... A) insulin is released B) glucagon is released C) peripheral cells take up more glucose D) protein synthesis increases E) calcitonin is secreted

C) glucagon is released

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is... A) cortisol B) somatotropin C) insulin D) glucagon E) aldosterone

C) insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cell is... A) somatotropin B) cortisol C) insulin D) glucagon E) erythropoietin

C) insulin

Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are... A) antidiuretic B) calcitonin & parathyroid hormone C) mineralocorticoids D) androgens E) glucocorticoids

C) mineralocorticoids

The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are all... A) glycoproteins B) lipids C) polypeptides or small proteins D) amino acid derivatives E) steroids

C) polypeptides or small proteins

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors? A) Blood level of an ion like calcium B) Blood level of glucose C) Blood level of a hormone D) nervous stimuli E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

Secretory cells of the anterior pituitary release... A) FSH B) TSH C) ACTH D) GH E) All of the answers are correct

E) All of the answers are correct

A G-protein is... A) a hormone B) a kinase C) a receptor D) a phosphatase E) a cellular trigger that can activate a second messenger

E) a cellular trigger that can activate a second messenger

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include... A) peptides B) steroids C) eicosanoids D) amino acid derivatives E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

The hypophyseal portal system... A) is a blood connection between the hypothalamus & the anterior pituitary B) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins C) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary D) carries ADH & oxytocin E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Steroid hormones remain in circulation longer than other hormones because they are... A) not degradable B) water soluble C) more numerous D) larger E) bound to transport proteins

E) bound to transport proteins

Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? A) catecholamines B) peptide hormones C) eicosanoids D) thyroid E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, & eicosanoids

E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, & eicosanoids

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is... A) TSH B) ACTH C) FSH D) LH E) GH

B) ACTH

The hypothalamic hormone that controls the release of ACTH from the pituitary... A) TSH B) CRF (CRH) C) FSH D) LH E) GH

B) CRF (CRH)

Insulin resistance is a characteristic of... A) diabetes mellitus type I B) diabetes mellitus type II C) hyperglycemia D) hypoglycemia E) polyuria

B) diabetes mellitus type II

Increased breakdown of glycogen & release of glucose is stimulated by... A) insulin B) glucagon C) glucose D) glycogen E) starch

B) glucagon

ACTH stimulates release of hormones controlling... A) glucose metabolism directly B) glucocorticoids that affect glucose metabolism C) release of the pancreatic enzymes D) appetite E) fat production

B) glucocorticoids that affect glucose metabolism

Hormones that are made by the hypothalamus are secreted by the... A) anterior pituitary B) posterior pituitary C) thyroid D) thymus E) pancreas

B) posterior pituitary

Non-steroid hormones activate a target cell response through... A) gene activation B) second messengers C) diffusion through the cell membrane D) binding to nuclear receptors

B) second messengers

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate & thus impacting body temperature is... A) somatotropin B) thyroxine (thyroid hormone) C) calcitonin D) parathyroid hormone E) glucagon

B) thyroxine (thyroid hormone)

Neurons of the supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture these hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary... A) CRF & GnRH B) TSH & FSH C) ADH & oxytocin D) FSH & PRL E) GHIH & GHRH

C) ADH & oxytocin

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the... A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm B) cell membrane becomes depolarized C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm D) cell becomes inactive E) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA

C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm

The hypothalamus controls secretion in the anterior pituitary by... A) direct neural stimulation B) indirect osmotic control C) secreting releasing & inhibiting factors into a system of blood vessels D) altering ion concentrations & pH in the anterior pituitary E) gap synaptic junctions

C) secreting releasing & inhibiting factors into a system of blood vessels

The link between a first messenger & a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually... A) aCAMP B) cGMP C) adenyl cyclase D) a G-protein E) calcium ion levels

D) a G-protein

Epinephrine is an example of a hormone in the structural family... A) steroid B) eicosanoid C) glycoprotein D) catecholamine E) peptide

D) catecholamine

The adrenal medulla produces... A) androgens B) glucocorticoids C) minteralocorticioids D) catecholamines (adrenaline) E) corticosteroids

D) catecholamines (adrenaline)

Which of the following substances directly activates protein kinases & thus acts as a second messenger? A) insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) cyclic AMP E) TSH

D) cyclic AMP

Which of the following does NOT increase when epinephrine & norepinephrine are released? A) cardiac activity B) blood pressure C) heart rate D) glycogen production E) blood glucose levels

D) glycogen production

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble & therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors? A) estrogens B) glucocorticoids C) androgens D) insulin & epinephrine

D) insulin & epinephrine

A hormone might... A) bind to a receptor, activate a g-protein & thereby activate cAMP B) bind to an intracellular receptor which binds to DNA & thereby initiate protein synthesis C) bind to a receptor that is a protein kinase D) inactivate calcium so it cannot be used by a cell E) A, B & C are correct

E) A, B & C are correct

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except... A) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver B) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver C) the level of fatty acids in the blood D) fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells E) ACTH levels

E) ACTH levels

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is... A) TSH B) FSH C) MSH D) STH E) ADH

E) ADH

Hormones released from the posterior pituitary are produced in the...

Hypothalamus