Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final Exam

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The hyoid bone is unique because _______.

It is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

Surgery of the spinal cord most often involves cutting of the

Lamina

The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the

Laminae

The clavicle articulates with the scapula

Laterally with the acromion

A structure found on the femur is the _______.

Linea aspera

Which of the following is a classification of a bone

Long

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

Mandible

The lower jaw articulates with the temporal bone at the

Mandibular fossa

The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the

Manubrium

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones

Maxillae

Which of the following lists includes only facial bones?

Maxillae, palatines, mandible, zygomatics, lacrimals

The heart is ______ to the lungs

Medial

Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called

Medialis

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is

More robust, adapted for weight bearing

Which of the following can be found on the cervical vertebrae only?

Multiple foramina

Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex, EXCEPT the _______ bone.

Nasal

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

Negative feedback

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

Nervous

Lateral to the coronoid process, the radial _____ accommodates the head of the radius in the radio-ulnar joint.

Notch

The foramen magnum is found in the _______ bone.

Occipital

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

One body part in relation to another

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

Opening the mouth

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

Opposition

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n)

Organ

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?

Organism, system, organ, tissue, cells

Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are

Parallel muscles

Which of the following is true about paranasal sinuses

Paranasal sinuses enhance the resonance of the voice and lighten the skull

A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into UNEQUAL, left and right halves is known as this type of plane:

Parasagittal

Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system?

Pectoral girdle

All of the following originate on the scapula, EXCEPT the

Pectoralis major.

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

Pedal

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

Periosteum

The serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs.

Peritoneum

All of the following are short bones except

Phalanges

The study of function is to _________ as the study of form is to anatomy.

Physiology

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the _______ gland.

Pituitary

The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.

Plane

The joints between vertebral articular surfaces are examples of _______ joints.

Plane

Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse

Pleura

Compared with that of females, the male coccyx

Points more anteriorly

The muscle that pronates the forearm and opposes biceps brachii is the

Pronator quadratus

Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior?

Protracts the shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to _______.

Provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

The fibula

Provides lateral stability to the ankle.

The major function of the intervertebral foramina is

Providing a passageway for nerves

Which of these is a forearm bone?

Radius

Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called

Rectus

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the xiphoid process of the sternum?

Rectus abdominis

The muscle that originates on the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the

Rectus abdominus

A lack of exercise could

Result in porous and weak bones

Reflection of the trapezius muscle exposes the

Rhomboid and levator scapulae muscles.

Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following, EXCPET the

Rhomboid minor.

The right pleural cavity contains the

Right lung

The liver is primarily located in the ______ quadrant.

Right upper

Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.

Risk of infection

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, EXCEPT

Rolling

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

Sacrum

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) _______ joint

Saddle

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the

Sagittal

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

Sagittal

Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscles action, EXCEPT

Sartorius

The only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum is the

Sartorius

The three sides of this bone form a broad triangle.

Scapula

Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever.

Second-class

The carpal bones are examples of ______ bones

Short

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the _______ joint.

Shoulder

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation?

Skeletal

If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ________.

Small sac containing fluid

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

Sphenoid

The muscle group nearest the vertebral column is the

Spinales

A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a

Spiral fracture

______ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles

Spongy

The two types of skeletal tissue are

Spongy and compact bone

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?

Spreading the fingers

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the

Squamosal suture

Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?

Sternum

Which of the following is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Sternum - clavicle

The _______ of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint.

Styloid process

The long, skinny process near the external auditory meatus is the

Styloid process

Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the

Subscapular fossa

The corners of the scapula include (the)

Superior angle, inferior angle, lateral angle

A suture is an example of a(n)

Synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

Synarthrosis

An epiphyseal plate is an example of a

Synchondrosis

Which of these is NOT considered to be an accessory synovial structure?

Synovial membrane

What organ is located in the lacrimal fossa?

Tear gland

The external acoustic meatus is a foramen in which skull bone?

Temporal

The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones?

Temporal and zygomatic

The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the

Temporal bone

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)

Tendon

Which of these phrases most aptly describes "muscles insertion"?

Tendon attachment that moves

Muscles that laterally rotate the thigh include all of the following, EXCEPT the

Tensor fasciae latae.

Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle mass?

Testosterone

Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) Sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone

1, 2, 3, 4

Humans normally have _______ pairs of ribs

12

The vertebral column contains _______ thoracic vertebrae.

12

The skull contains _______ bones.

22

Each one of the coxal bones is formed by the fusion of _______ bones.

3

Average body temperature is ______ degrees centigrade.

37°C

The vertebral column contains _______ lumbar vertebrae.

5

Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have _______ cervical vertebrae.

7

How many bones make up the axial skeleton

80

Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense of

A and B only (balance, hearing)

The scapula is roughly triangular in shape. Which of the following are correct terms for the borders?

A and C only (superior border, lateral border)

Scissors demonstrate which type of lever?

A first-class lever

The pectoralis major muscles inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. When it contracts, it produces

A. B, and C (medial rotation, flexion, adduction)

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

Abduction

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci

Act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.

Tendon sheaths _______.

Act as friction-reducing structures

While standing in the anatomical position,

All of the Above (front refers to anterior, front refers to ventral, back refers to posterior, back refers to dorsal)

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has

All of the above (a wider, more circular pelvic inlet, a broader pubic arch, an enlarged pelvic outlet)

Which of the following may contribute to the breaking of bones

All of the above (extremely large loads, stresses from unusual directions, low circulating levels of calcium, sudden impacts)

Joints can be classified structurally as

All of the above (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)

Which of these is one of the 3 major types of synarthrotic joints?

All of the above (gomphosis, syndesmoses, suture)

Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle?

All of the above (guard body entrances and exits, maintain body temperature, produce movement, and maintain posture)

Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen?

All of the above (transverse abdominis, internal oblique, rectus abdomens, external oblique)

Which of the following is a member of the quadriceps group?

All of the above (vistas medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis)

Bone structure is determined by which of the following

All of the above (Mechanical stress, hormones, diet, muscle attachments)

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

All of the above (protection of internal organs, blood cell production, body support, calcium homeostasis)

Which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissues?

All of the above apply to a living bone (It can be changed by hormonal stimuli, It can undergo remodeling during life, It may have both compact and spongy regions, It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels)

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

Amphiarthrosis

A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called

An agonist

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the male pelvis?

Angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:

Anterior

The structure of the os coxa that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the

Anterior superior iliac spine

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.

Articulations

The following is the simplest level of organization.

Atoms

The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.

Axial

The divisions of the skeletal system include (the)

Axial and appendicular

The dens is a part of the

Axis

Which of the following does NOT originate on the humerus?

Biceps brachii

The quadriceps group includes all of the following, EXCEPT the

Biceps femoris.

During appostional growth

Bones grow wider

The true ribs are

Both A and B (ribs 1-7, also called vertebrosternal ribs)

The bony roof of the mouth is formed by

Both A and C (Palatine bones, maxillae)

The surface of articular cartilage is

Both A and C (Slick, smooth)

The costal groove

Both B and C (is located on the interior surface, marks the path of blood vessels)

Which of the following does NOT move the shoulder girdle?

Brachialis

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

Brain

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

Cardiovascular

Which type of vertebra has a transverse foramen?

Cervical

A muscle that controls the diameter of an opening is a ________ muscle.

Circular

Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle?

Clavicles and scapulae

_______ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin

Closed

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are

Condylar joints

The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a

Condyle

A fan-shaped muscle with a broad origin and fascicles that attach to a common site is a ________ muscle.

Convergent

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the _______ suture

Coronal

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is (the)

Coronoid fossa

What is the regional term for the hip region?

Coxal

The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are part of (the)

Cranial bones

The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the _______ ligaments.

Cruciate

The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the

Deltoid

Which of the following muscles is most involved in abduction?

Deltoid

The surface feature present along the lateral border of the shaft of the humerus is the

Deltoid tuberosity

The shaft of a long bone is called the

Diaphysis

A freely movable joint is a(n)

Diarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

Diarthrosis

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.

Digestive

The wrist is ______ to the elbow

Distal

All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, EXCEPT

Dorsiflexion

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?

Elevation

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _______ system.

Endocrine

The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the

Endomysium

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ______.

Enhancement of labor contractions

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the

Epimysium

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood

Epiphyseal plate

Which of the following bones contain the cribriform foramina?

Ethmoid

Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might be fractured?

Ethmoid bone

The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following?

Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

Eversion

Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by _______.

Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints

Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna can act to

Extend the forearm.

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the others in that they have

Facets for attachment of ribs

In anatomical position, the _____

Feet are slightly apart, and the toes point forward

The largest bone of the lower limb is the

Femur

The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the

Femur

The pelvic girdle does NOT include the _______.

Femur

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

Femur

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to

Fibrous cartilage

The lateral malleolus is found on the

Fibula

Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing?

Fibula

A rib is an example of a _________ bone.

Flat

The scapula is an example of what type of bone

Flat

The movements know as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the

Foot

A hole through a bone is termed a

Foramen

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?

Foramen

A deep hollow on a bone is termed a

Fossa

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

Frontal

Which of these is NOT one of the bones of the face?

Frontal

In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?

Frontal/coronal

What type of movement is permitted between the carpal bones?

Gliding

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

Gluteal

Which of the following muscles pulls on the iliotibial tract?

Gluteus maximus

The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the

Gluteus maximus.

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a _______ joint.

Gomphosis

The largest nerve in the body passes through the

Greater sciatic notch

Which of these features is located near the proximal end of the humerus?

Greater tubercle

The infraspinatus has its insertion on the

Greater tubercle of humerus.

Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old

Greenstick

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

Gross

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

Hamstring muscles

Which of the following bone markings help form joints

Head

A midsagittal section would pass through the

Heart

The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

Hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) _______ joint.

Hinge

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

Homeostasis

The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

Which bone is NOT part of the skull?

Hyoid

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

Hyperextention.

The powerful flexors of the thigh are the

Iliopsoas

Greater sciatic notch is a feature on the

Ilium

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid

Increases osmotic pressure within joint

The chin is ______ to the nose.

Inferior

A muscle located on the posterior side of the body is the _______.

Infraspinatus

Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere most with the ability to breathe?

Intercostals

To exhale forcibly, one would contract the:

Internal intercostals and rectus abdominus.

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed

Inversion

Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?

The gastrocnemius

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

The knee contains several major ligaments

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

The lumbar region

If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

The person was prepubertal.

What makes up the axial skeleton?

The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Wolff's law is concerned with

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?

There are over 600 muscles in the body.

The term femoral pertains to the ________

Thigh

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called _____ levers

Third-class

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

Tibialis anterior

A muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the

Tibialis anterior.

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

To maintain homeostasis.

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

To stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction.

The muscle that inserts on the acromion and scapular spine is the

Trapezius.

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the _______.

Triceps brachii acts as antagonist

The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the

Trochanter

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?

Turning the palm of the hand anteriorly

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ______ system

Urinary

Which of the following bones are classified as "irregular" in shape?

Vertebra

All of the following facial bones are paired EXCEPT one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone?

Vomer

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ______

Water

The inferiormost part of the sternum is the _______.

Xiphoid process


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