Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final Exam
The hyoid bone is unique because _______.
It is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
Surgery of the spinal cord most often involves cutting of the
Lamina
The vertebral arch is formed by the pedicles and the
Laminae
The clavicle articulates with the scapula
Laterally with the acromion
A structure found on the femur is the _______.
Linea aspera
Which of the following is a classification of a bone
Long
The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the
Mandible
The lower jaw articulates with the temporal bone at the
Mandibular fossa
The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the
Manubrium
Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones
Maxillae
Which of the following lists includes only facial bones?
Maxillae, palatines, mandible, zygomatics, lacrimals
The heart is ______ to the lungs
Medial
Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called
Medialis
Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is
More robust, adapted for weight bearing
Which of the following can be found on the cervical vertebrae only?
Multiple foramina
Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex, EXCEPT the _______ bone.
Nasal
When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
Negative feedback
Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?
Nervous
Lateral to the coronoid process, the radial _____ accommodates the head of the radius in the radio-ulnar joint.
Notch
The foramen magnum is found in the _______ bone.
Occipital
Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe
One body part in relation to another
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?
Opening the mouth
To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
Opposition
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n)
Organ
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?
Organism, system, organ, tissue, cells
Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are
Parallel muscles
Which of the following is true about paranasal sinuses
Paranasal sinuses enhance the resonance of the voice and lighten the skull
A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into UNEQUAL, left and right halves is known as this type of plane:
Parasagittal
Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system?
Pectoral girdle
All of the following originate on the scapula, EXCEPT the
Pectoralis major.
Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
Pedal
The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)
Periosteum
The serous membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and covers its organs.
Peritoneum
All of the following are short bones except
Phalanges
The study of function is to _________ as the study of form is to anatomy.
Physiology
The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica contains the _______ gland.
Pituitary
The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.
Plane
The joints between vertebral articular surfaces are examples of _______ joints.
Plane
Damage to this serous membrane can cause the lungs to collapse
Pleura
Compared with that of females, the male coccyx
Points more anteriorly
The muscle that pronates the forearm and opposes biceps brachii is the
Pronator quadratus
Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior?
Protracts the shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to _______.
Provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
The fibula
Provides lateral stability to the ankle.
The major function of the intervertebral foramina is
Providing a passageway for nerves
Which of these is a forearm bone?
Radius
Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called
Rectus
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the xiphoid process of the sternum?
Rectus abdominis
The muscle that originates on the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the
Rectus abdominus
A lack of exercise could
Result in porous and weak bones
Reflection of the trapezius muscle exposes the
Rhomboid and levator scapulae muscles.
Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following, EXCPET the
Rhomboid minor.
The right pleural cavity contains the
Right lung
The liver is primarily located in the ______ quadrant.
Right upper
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________.
Risk of infection
All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, EXCEPT
Rolling
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
Sacrum
The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) _______ joint
Saddle
The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the
Sagittal
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
Sagittal
Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscles action, EXCEPT
Sartorius
The only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum is the
Sartorius
The three sides of this bone form a broad triangle.
Scapula
Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever.
Second-class
The carpal bones are examples of ______ bones
Short
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the _______ joint.
Shoulder
Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation?
Skeletal
If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ________.
Small sac containing fluid
A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the
Sphenoid
The muscle group nearest the vertebral column is the
Spinales
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a
Spiral fracture
______ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles
Spongy
The two types of skeletal tissue are
Spongy and compact bone
Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?
Spreading the fingers
The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the
Squamosal suture
Which bone(s) include(s) a manubrium?
Sternum
Which of the following is the connection point between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
Sternum - clavicle
The _______ of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint.
Styloid process
The long, skinny process near the external auditory meatus is the
Styloid process
Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the
Subscapular fossa
The corners of the scapula include (the)
Superior angle, inferior angle, lateral angle
A suture is an example of a(n)
Synarthrosis
An immovable joint is a(n)
Synarthrosis
An epiphyseal plate is an example of a
Synchondrosis
Which of these is NOT considered to be an accessory synovial structure?
Synovial membrane
What organ is located in the lacrimal fossa?
Tear gland
The external acoustic meatus is a foramen in which skull bone?
Temporal
The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of processes from which two bones?
Temporal and zygomatic
The styloid process, zygomatic process, and auditory ossicles are associated with the
Temporal bone
The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)
Tendon
Which of these phrases most aptly describes "muscles insertion"?
Tendon attachment that moves
Muscles that laterally rotate the thigh include all of the following, EXCEPT the
Tensor fasciae latae.
Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle mass?
Testosterone
Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) Sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone
1, 2, 3, 4
Humans normally have _______ pairs of ribs
12
The vertebral column contains _______ thoracic vertebrae.
12
The skull contains _______ bones.
22
Each one of the coxal bones is formed by the fusion of _______ bones.
3
Average body temperature is ______ degrees centigrade.
37°C
The vertebral column contains _______ lumbar vertebrae.
5
Most mammals, including humans and giraffes, have _______ cervical vertebrae.
7
How many bones make up the axial skeleton
80
Damage to the temporal bone would most likely affect the sense of
A and B only (balance, hearing)
The scapula is roughly triangular in shape. Which of the following are correct terms for the borders?
A and C only (superior border, lateral border)
Scissors demonstrate which type of lever?
A first-class lever
The pectoralis major muscles inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus. When it contracts, it produces
A. B, and C (medial rotation, flexion, adduction)
A movement away from the midline of the body is termed
Abduction
In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci
Act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.
Tendon sheaths _______.
Act as friction-reducing structures
While standing in the anatomical position,
All of the Above (front refers to anterior, front refers to ventral, back refers to posterior, back refers to dorsal)
Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has
All of the above (a wider, more circular pelvic inlet, a broader pubic arch, an enlarged pelvic outlet)
Which of the following may contribute to the breaking of bones
All of the above (extremely large loads, stresses from unusual directions, low circulating levels of calcium, sudden impacts)
Joints can be classified structurally as
All of the above (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)
Which of these is one of the 3 major types of synarthrotic joints?
All of the above (gomphosis, syndesmoses, suture)
Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle?
All of the above (guard body entrances and exits, maintain body temperature, produce movement, and maintain posture)
Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen?
All of the above (transverse abdominis, internal oblique, rectus abdomens, external oblique)
Which of the following is a member of the quadriceps group?
All of the above (vistas medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis)
Bone structure is determined by which of the following
All of the above (Mechanical stress, hormones, diet, muscle attachments)
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
All of the above (protection of internal organs, blood cell production, body support, calcium homeostasis)
Which of the following statements characterizes bones and bone tissues?
All of the above apply to a living bone (It can be changed by hormonal stimuli, It can undergo remodeling during life, It may have both compact and spongy regions, It contains openings for nutrient blood vessels)
A slightly movable joint is a(n)
Amphiarthrosis
A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called
An agonist
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the male pelvis?
Angle of pubic arch greater than 100 degrees
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:
Anterior
The structure of the os coxa that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the
Anterior superior iliac spine
Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.
Articulations
The following is the simplest level of organization.
Atoms
The four spinal curves include all but one of the following. Identify the exception.
Axial
The divisions of the skeletal system include (the)
Axial and appendicular
The dens is a part of the
Axis
Which of the following does NOT originate on the humerus?
Biceps brachii
The quadriceps group includes all of the following, EXCEPT the
Biceps femoris.
During appostional growth
Bones grow wider
The true ribs are
Both A and B (ribs 1-7, also called vertebrosternal ribs)
The bony roof of the mouth is formed by
Both A and C (Palatine bones, maxillae)
The surface of articular cartilage is
Both A and C (Slick, smooth)
The costal groove
Both B and C (is located on the interior surface, marks the path of blood vessels)
Which of the following does NOT move the shoulder girdle?
Brachialis
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
Brain
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
Cardiovascular
Which type of vertebra has a transverse foramen?
Cervical
A muscle that controls the diameter of an opening is a ________ muscle.
Circular
Which of these constitutes the pectoral girdle?
Clavicles and scapulae
_______ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin
Closed
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
Communication
The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are
Condylar joints
The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a
Condyle
A fan-shaped muscle with a broad origin and fascicles that attach to a common site is a ________ muscle.
Convergent
The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the _______ suture
Coronal
The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is (the)
Coronoid fossa
What is the regional term for the hip region?
Coxal
The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are part of (the)
Cranial bones
The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the _______ ligaments.
Cruciate
The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the
Deltoid
Which of the following muscles is most involved in abduction?
Deltoid
The surface feature present along the lateral border of the shaft of the humerus is the
Deltoid tuberosity
The shaft of a long bone is called the
Diaphysis
A freely movable joint is a(n)
Diarthrosis
A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
Diarthrosis
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
Digestive
The wrist is ______ to the elbow
Distal
All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, EXCEPT
Dorsiflexion
Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?
Elevation
The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _______ system.
Endocrine
The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the
Endomysium
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ______.
Enhancement of labor contractions
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
Epimysium
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
Epiphyseal plate
Which of the following bones contain the cribriform foramina?
Ethmoid
Jack gets into a fight and is punched in the nose. Which of the following bones might be fractured?
Ethmoid bone
The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following?
Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as
Eversion
Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by _______.
Excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints
Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna can act to
Extend the forearm.
Thoracic vertebrae differ from the others in that they have
Facets for attachment of ribs
In anatomical position, the _____
Feet are slightly apart, and the toes point forward
The largest bone of the lower limb is the
Femur
The longest and heaviest bone in the body is the
Femur
The pelvic girdle does NOT include the _______.
Femur
What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?
Femur
Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to
Fibrous cartilage
The lateral malleolus is found on the
Fibula
Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing?
Fibula
A rib is an example of a _________ bone.
Flat
The scapula is an example of what type of bone
Flat
The movements know as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the
Foot
A hole through a bone is termed a
Foramen
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?
Foramen
A deep hollow on a bone is termed a
Fossa
What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?
Frontal
Which of these is NOT one of the bones of the face?
Frontal
In the terminology of planes and sections, which example includes two terms with identical meanings?
Frontal/coronal
What type of movement is permitted between the carpal bones?
Gliding
Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?
Gluteal
Which of the following muscles pulls on the iliotibial tract?
Gluteus maximus
The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the
Gluteus maximus.
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a _______ joint.
Gomphosis
The largest nerve in the body passes through the
Greater sciatic notch
Which of these features is located near the proximal end of the humerus?
Greater tubercle
The infraspinatus has its insertion on the
Greater tubercle of humerus.
Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old
Greenstick
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.
Gross
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
Hamstring muscles
Which of the following bone markings help form joints
Head
A midsagittal section would pass through the
Heart
The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
Hinge
The elbow joint is an example of a(n) _______ joint.
Hinge
The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed
Homeostasis
The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Which bone is NOT part of the skull?
Hyoid
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
Hyperextention.
The powerful flexors of the thigh are the
Iliopsoas
Greater sciatic notch is a feature on the
Ilium
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid
Increases osmotic pressure within joint
The chin is ______ to the nose.
Inferior
A muscle located on the posterior side of the body is the _______.
Infraspinatus
Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere most with the ability to breathe?
Intercostals
To exhale forcibly, one would contract the:
Internal intercostals and rectus abdominus.
A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed
Inversion
Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?
The gastrocnemius
Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because
The knee contains several major ligaments
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?
The lumbar region
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
The person was prepubertal.
What makes up the axial skeleton?
The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
Wolff's law is concerned with
The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?
There are over 600 muscles in the body.
The term femoral pertains to the ________
Thigh
The most common lever systems in the body are those that have applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called _____ levers
Third-class
The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?
Tibialis anterior
A muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the
Tibialis anterior.
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
To maintain homeostasis.
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?
To stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction.
The muscle that inserts on the acromion and scapular spine is the
Trapezius.
In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the _______.
Triceps brachii acts as antagonist
The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the
Trochanter
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?
Turning the palm of the hand anteriorly
The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ______ system
Urinary
Which of the following bones are classified as "irregular" in shape?
Vertebra
All of the following facial bones are paired EXCEPT one. Which of the following is the unpaired facial bone?
Vomer
The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is ______
Water
The inferiormost part of the sternum is the _______.
Xiphoid process