Anatomy brain study guide

Spinal Cord function:

Connects CNS to brain, electrical communication, walking, and reflexes

What part of the brain is responsible for speech, memory, logical and emotional response? This part of the brain also controls consciousness, interpretation of sensations and involuntary movements

Cerebral cortex

What is the function of the brainstem?

Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy.

Olfactory bulb funtion

Controls the nerves related to odor in the brain system

Lateral Ventricle funtion

Cushioning , circulating nutrients, removing waste

What part of the brain is responsible for vision

Occipital lobe

Medulla oblongata function

Regulate breathing, heart function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing

Fornix function

Regulates emotional behavior, motivation processes, and memory

Hypothalamus function

Regulates homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, and control of automatic nervous system

What is the function of serotonin?

Regulates speed, appetite and our mood

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Regulations and coordination of movement, posture, and balance

What part of the brain is a spatial map and means little man

Sensory homonculus

What is a neurotransmitter?

A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

In terms of the folds in the brain, what are gyrus and sulcus?

A sulcus is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex. Sulcus surrounds a gyrus, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals.

What is the function of glutamate?

Acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter

Explain why a teenage brain may contribute to poor decision-making or judgment

Because their prefrontal cortex, where decision making and judgment are controlled, is not fully developed

Optic chiasma function

Binocular vision and eye hand coordination

Arbor vitae function

Brings sensory and motor function to and from cerebellum

What is white matter

Dense collections of myelinated fibers

List the four lobes of the cerebrum and at least one function of each lobe

Frontal lobe- reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving Parietal lobe- Movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli Occipital lobe- visual processing Temporal lobe- perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

What is the function of the cerebrum?

Higher brain functions such as thought and action

What is the function of acetylcholine?

Improves memory and learning

What is the function of dopamine?

Influences how people perceive reality

Corpos Callosum function

Integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive performances on either side of the brain

What is the function of the brain?

It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings

Thalamus function

Memory and sensory impulses

What are the three structures that protect the brain?

Meninges are membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges: Dura mater (closest to the bone), Arachnoid loosely around the brain, Pia mater is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord surface.

What is grey matter? Where is it found?

Mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies, found on surface of brain, found deep in spinal cord

Pons function

Motor control and sensory analysis

What part of the brain is in charge of problem solving

Prefrontal cortex

Pituitary gland function

Produces and sends off hormones

Pineal gland function

Produces melatonin, regulates reproductive hormones

What part of the brain controls sensory and motor functions

Somatosensory cortex controls sensory functions and motor cortex

What part of the brain is responsible for hearing

Temporal lobe

(Approximately) how much does the male and female brain weigh?

The average brain weight of the adult male was 1336 gr; for the adult female 1198 gr. With increasing age, brain weight decreases by 2.7 gr in males, and by 2.2 gr in females per year.

Midbrain function

Vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement

What is the difference between grey and white matter?

White matter is dense amounts of myelinated fibers and grey matter is dense collections of mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies