Anatomy brain study guide
Spinal Cord function:
Connects CNS to brain, electrical communication, walking, and reflexes
What part of the brain is responsible for speech, memory, logical and emotional response? This part of the brain also controls consciousness, interpretation of sensations and involuntary movements
Cerebral cortex
What is the function of the brainstem?
Controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body, and it also controls basic body functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and whether one is awake or sleepy.
Olfactory bulb funtion
Controls the nerves related to odor in the brain system
Lateral Ventricle funtion
Cushioning , circulating nutrients, removing waste
What part of the brain is responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Medulla oblongata function
Regulate breathing, heart function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing
Fornix function
Regulates emotional behavior, motivation processes, and memory
Hypothalamus function
Regulates homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, and control of automatic nervous system
What is the function of serotonin?
Regulates speed, appetite and our mood
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Regulations and coordination of movement, posture, and balance
What part of the brain is a spatial map and means little man
Sensory homonculus
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.
In terms of the folds in the brain, what are gyrus and sulcus?
A sulcus is a depression or groove in the cerebral cortex. Sulcus surrounds a gyrus, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals.
What is the function of glutamate?
Acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter
Explain why a teenage brain may contribute to poor decision-making or judgment
Because their prefrontal cortex, where decision making and judgment are controlled, is not fully developed
Optic chiasma function
Binocular vision and eye hand coordination
Arbor vitae function
Brings sensory and motor function to and from cerebellum
What is white matter
Dense collections of myelinated fibers
List the four lobes of the cerebrum and at least one function of each lobe
Frontal lobe- reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving Parietal lobe- Movement, orientation, recognition, and perception of stimuli Occipital lobe- visual processing Temporal lobe- perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
What is the function of the cerebrum?
Higher brain functions such as thought and action
What is the function of acetylcholine?
Improves memory and learning
What is the function of dopamine?
Influences how people perceive reality
Corpos Callosum function
Integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive performances on either side of the brain
What is the function of the brain?
It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings
Thalamus function
Memory and sensory impulses
What are the three structures that protect the brain?
Meninges are membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges: Dura mater (closest to the bone), Arachnoid loosely around the brain, Pia mater is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord surface.
What is grey matter? Where is it found?
Mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies, found on surface of brain, found deep in spinal cord
Pons function
Motor control and sensory analysis
What part of the brain is in charge of problem solving
Prefrontal cortex
Pituitary gland function
Produces and sends off hormones
Pineal gland function
Produces melatonin, regulates reproductive hormones
What part of the brain controls sensory and motor functions
Somatosensory cortex controls sensory functions and motor cortex
What part of the brain is responsible for hearing
Temporal lobe
(Approximately) how much does the male and female brain weigh?
The average brain weight of the adult male was 1336 gr; for the adult female 1198 gr. With increasing age, brain weight decreases by 2.7 gr in males, and by 2.2 gr in females per year.
Midbrain function
Vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement
What is the difference between grey and white matter?
White matter is dense amounts of myelinated fibers and grey matter is dense collections of mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
