Anatomy CH 18 The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Pons means what?
bridge
The anterior portion of the midbrain contains a pair of
cerebral peduncle (stalks)
What region of the brain spreads over the diencephalon like a mushroom cap?
cerebrum
The four ventricles all have _______ to produce CSF
choroid plexuses
The posterior side of the medulla has the left and right
gracile nucleus and cuneate fasciculus/nucleus
The inferior colliculi of the tectum serve as reflex centers for the ____________ in response to ________ stimuli
head and trunk ; auditory
The order of the brain stem from bottom to top:
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
The pineal gland secretes what hormone:
melatonin
oval projection located lateral to the pyramids
olive
The _____ and ______ are the main controls of respiration
pons and medulla
The gracile nucleus and cuneate together are called the:
posterior column nuclei
The thalamus makes up __% of the diencephalon.
80
How much cerebral spinal fluid is in the body?
80-150 ml
The four major regions of the brain are the:
Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum
The 3 major parts of the diencephalon are the:
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus
The cerebellum is referred to as the
autopilot of the brain
The medulla oblongata contains all of the _________ that connects the spinal cord to the brain
ascending and descending tracts
Reticular Activating System (RAS) is responsible for maintaining:
consciousness and awakening from sleep
The chief functions of the hypothalamus:
control of autonomic nervous system, production of hormones, regulation of emotions and behavioral patterns, regulation of eating and drinking, regulation of body temp., regulation of circadian rhythms
The crossing over of the pyramids of the medulla is called the:
decussation of pyramids
The superior colliculi of the tectum serve as reflex centers for the ____________ in response to ________ stimuli
eye, head, neck ; visual
What separates the two halves of the cerebellum?
falx cerebelli
What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
falx cerebri
The cerebellar cortex consists of gray matter organized in a series of slender, parallel ridges called:
folia
In __% of human brains, the right and left portions of the thalamus are connected by a bridge of gray matter called the:
intermediate mass (interthalamic adhesion)
What are the two primary blood supplies to the brain?
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
On the anterior side of the medulla are two _______ which contain the largest ________ that pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord
pyramids ; motor tracts (motor in the front)
CSF circulates through the:
subarachnoid space and 4 ventricles
The posterior portion of the midbrain that contains four rounded elevations is called the
tectum
The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by the:
transverse fissure
The tectum reacts to what stimuli?
visual and auditory
The medulla contains the centers that control the reflexes for:
vomiting, coughing, sneezing