Anatomy CH 18 The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Pons means what?

bridge

The anterior portion of the midbrain contains a pair of

cerebral peduncle (stalks)

What region of the brain spreads over the diencephalon like a mushroom cap?

cerebrum

The four ventricles all have _______ to produce CSF

choroid plexuses

The posterior side of the medulla has the left and right

gracile nucleus and cuneate fasciculus/nucleus

The inferior colliculi of the tectum serve as reflex centers for the ____________ in response to ________ stimuli

head and trunk ; auditory

The order of the brain stem from bottom to top:

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

The pineal gland secretes what hormone:

melatonin

oval projection located lateral to the pyramids

olive

The _____ and ______ are the main controls of respiration

pons and medulla

The gracile nucleus and cuneate together are called the:

posterior column nuclei

The thalamus makes up __% of the diencephalon.

80

How much cerebral spinal fluid is in the body?

80-150 ml

The four major regions of the brain are the:

Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum

The 3 major parts of the diencephalon are the:

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

The cerebellum is referred to as the

autopilot of the brain

The medulla oblongata contains all of the _________ that connects the spinal cord to the brain

ascending and descending tracts

Reticular Activating System (RAS) is responsible for maintaining:

consciousness and awakening from sleep

The chief functions of the hypothalamus:

control of autonomic nervous system, production of hormones, regulation of emotions and behavioral patterns, regulation of eating and drinking, regulation of body temp., regulation of circadian rhythms

The crossing over of the pyramids of the medulla is called the:

decussation of pyramids

The superior colliculi of the tectum serve as reflex centers for the ____________ in response to ________ stimuli

eye, head, neck ; visual

What separates the two halves of the cerebellum?

falx cerebelli

What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

falx cerebri

The cerebellar cortex consists of gray matter organized in a series of slender, parallel ridges called:

folia

In __% of human brains, the right and left portions of the thalamus are connected by a bridge of gray matter called the:

intermediate mass (interthalamic adhesion)

What are the two primary blood supplies to the brain?

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

On the anterior side of the medulla are two _______ which contain the largest ________ that pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord

pyramids ; motor tracts (motor in the front)

CSF circulates through the:

subarachnoid space and 4 ventricles

The posterior portion of the midbrain that contains four rounded elevations is called the

tectum

The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by the:

transverse fissure

The tectum reacts to what stimuli?

visual and auditory

The medulla contains the centers that control the reflexes for:

vomiting, coughing, sneezing