Anatomy CH 2
Cation
Positively charged ion
Cation
Sodium ion
Tincture
Solution in which alcohol is the solvent
Aqueous
Solution in which water is the solvent
Colloidal Suspension
suspension in which the particles are so small that they do not need to be shaken to keep them evenly distributed
cation
the sodium ion is a(n)
precipitate
the solid formed in a solution during a chemical reaction
covalent
what type of bond is formed when two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom unite form water?
neutralization
what type of reaction occurs when HCL is mixed with a NaOH solution to form a salt (NaCl) and water?
ionizes into Na+ and Cl-
when placed in water, sodium chloride
physical change
which of the following describes activities such as chewing food and chopping a log?
-1 negative charge
which of the following describes the chlorine atom when its outer electron shell gains one electron?
lemon juice
which of the following is a strong acid?
potassium chloride
which of the following is an electrolyte?
intestinal contents
which of the following is most acidic?
energy
which of the following is/are classified as thermal, chemical, or radiant?
unstable
which of the following words best describes a radioisotope?
pH
A scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures how many H+ (hydrogen ions) are in solution
Base or Basic
Also referred to as alkaline
Colloidal Suspension
An example is blood plasma because the proteins remain suspended within the plasma
Ions
Atom that carries an electrical charge
Electrons
Carries a negative charge and circulates in orbits around the nucleus
Protons
Carries a positive charge and is located within the nucleus
Buffer
Chemical substance that prevents large changes in pH
Anion
Chloride ion
Ions
Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ca2+
Water
Classification of H2O, in addition to molecule
Ion
Classification of NaCl
Molecules
Classification of O2 and N2
Mixture
Combination of sugar and little bits of iron
Mixture
Combinations of 2 or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means
Carbon Dioxide
Compound is a waste product that is formed when food is chemically broken down for energy
Water
Compound that has the ability to absorb large amounts of heat without itself increasing dramatically in temperature
Water
Compound that is considered to be the universal solvent
Base or Basic
Describes a pH of 7.6
Base or Basic
Describes normal pH of blood
Base or Basic
Describes normal pH of urine
Buffer
Describes the effect of an antacid on stomach H+
Acid or Acidic
Describes the grapefruit juice, vinegar, and lemon juice
Acid or Acidic
Describes the normal pH of gastric (stomach) juice
Catalyst
Describes the role of an enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
Chemical Reaction
Describes, for example, glucose+O2---> CO2+H2O+energy
Isotope
Different form of the same element (same atomic number but a different atomic mass); an example is "heavy hydrogen"
Ionization
Dissociation of NaCl into Na+ and Cl-
Acid or Acidic
Electrolyte that dissociates into H+ and an anion
Precipitate
Example: the white flakes that form when you add a drug to an IV salt solution
Colloidal Suspension
Examples include mayonnaise, egg white, and jellies
Ion
Formed as electrons are lost or gained
Neutron
Has a neutral charge and is located within the nucleus
Atomic Number
Helium has 2 protons and 2 neutrons; this is what the number 2 indicates.
Atomic Mass
Helium has 2 protons and 2 neutrons; this is what the number 4 indicates
Neutron
In each atom, the number of these is equal to the number of protons
Hydrogen Bond
Intermolecular bond
Cation
Ions represented as Na+, K+, and Ca2+
Solution
Mixture that contains a solvent and solute; there is an even distribution of the solute with the solution
Suspension
Mixture that must be shaken to prevent settling of particles
Oxygen
Molecule that exists in nature as a gas and plays an essential metabolic role in supplying the cells of the body with energy
Water
Most abundant compound in the body
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Atomic Number
Number of protons in the nucleus
Radioactivity
Spontaneous decay of a radioisotope
Buffer
Substance that can either donate or remove H+ from solution
Electrolytes
Substance that can ionize
Base and Basic
Substance that removes H+ from solution
Compounds
Substances that contain molecules formed by 2 or more different atoms
Atomic Mass
Sum of the protons and the neutrons
Protons
The atomic number is determined by the number of ___
Electrons
These atomic particles are represented by the planets encircling the sun in Figure 2-2
Protons, Neutrons
These particles are represented by the sun in Figure 2-2
Oxygen
This molecule is the reason why cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) must be started immediately
Neutron
This particle is added or removed in making an isotope of an atom
Base or Basic
Turns litmus paper blue
Acid or Acidic
Turns litmus paper pink
Ionic Bond
Type of bond between sodium and chloride in table salt, NaCl
Ionic Bond
Type of bond formed when electrons are shared by atoms
Ionic Bond
Type of bond formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom
Covalent Bond
Type of bond that forms between water molecules
Covalent Bond
Type of bond that forms water, H2O
Covalent Bond
Type of bond usually formed when carbon interacts with another atom
Radioisotope
Unstable isotope
7.35 to 7.45
What is the pH range of blood?
has fewer H+ ions than normal blood pH
a blood pH of 7.2
is considered acidotic
a blood pH of 7.55
solution
example is sea or salt water
the atomic number is 1
hydrogen has one proton, zero neutrons, and one electron. Which statement is true?
