Anatomy Ch.2

carbon dioxide

a wast product of metabolic processes and exhaled from the lungs

elements

all matter is composed of fundamental substances called _____

chemicals

all the food that we eat, liquids that drink and medications that we take are _____

false

an acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxyl ions in water and an example is sodium hydroxide

true

an atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion

false

an element with an atomic number of 6 contains 12 protons

hydrolysis

another name for the chemical digest not polymers is ____

electrolytes

as a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called _______

gets smaller

as hydrogen ion concentration increases the pH number ___

elements

at present, there are 90 naturally occurring ____-

ions

atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called ___

false

buffers combine with hydrogen ions when they are in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when they are depleted

compound

when atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called _____

true

when two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule

carbon

which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance

carbon dioxide

which of the following is not an organic substance

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

which of the following substances comprise 95% of the human body

atp

which of the following substances is not an element

fats

____ are used primarily to store energy for cellular activities

buffers

_____ are chemicals that resist changes in pH

decomposition

_____ reaction is symbolized as AB -> A+B

nucleotides

______ are the building blocks of nucleic acids

nucleic acids

______ include the molecules known as DNA and RNA

synthesis

a ____ reaction is symbolized as A+B-> AB

exchange reaction

a chemical reaction in which pairs of two or more different molecules trade positions with one another is an ________

false

a covalent bond is formed by two atoms that exchange electrons

true

a molecular formula represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule

atoms

a molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of _____

7

a pH of __ is the midpoint of the pH scale and contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

rises above 7.45

a person has alkalosis if the good pH ________

acidic

a solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is ____

basic

a solution that contains more hydroxide ions that hydrogen ions is _____

7

a solution that has a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of __

electrolytes

a substance that ionizes in water

false

a substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base

true

chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition of matter

false

cholesterol is a protein that is used by the body to make sex hormones

10 fold

each number on the pH scale represents a ________ difference in hydrogen ion concentration

atoms

elements are composed of tiny particles called _____

false

if the bonds within a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction

true

if two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond

true

inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions

true

matter is anything that has weight and takes up space

pH

measures hydrogen ion concentration

true

oxygen is used by cellular organelles to release energy from glucose

structural formulas

show how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules

electrons

sodium & chloride ions combine readily because they both tend to lose or gain ____

false

the atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus

false

the atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus

neutrons

the atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in number of ____

hydrogen bond

the attraction of the positive end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a _______

false

the building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids

true

the building blocks of proteins are amino acids

proteins

the different types of carbohydrates do not include

shells

the electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called

2 electrons

the first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of _____

a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

the formula H2O means

atomic number

the number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called _____

0-14

the pH scale ranges from __ to ___

neutron

the parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called ______

covalent bond

the type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called _______

true

the value called pH measures the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions such as body fluids

chemical changes

understanding chemistry is essential for understanding a&p because body structures and functions result from _____

true

water accounts for 2/3 of the weight of an adult human

true

water is an example of a compound

electrons

when atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their _____