Anatomy ch.2

Cilia

Location: is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Structure:slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles Function: move liquid past the surface of the cell. For single cells, such as sperm, this enables them to swim. For cells anchored in a tissue, like the epithelial cells lining our air passages, this moves liquid over the surface of the cell

Microfilaments

location: everywhere in the cell Structure:They are long, thin, and stringy proteins function:assist with cell movement and are made of a protein called actin, keep organelles in place.

Golgi Apparatus

location: in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus Structure:The Golgi apparatus is a series of membranes shaped like pancakes function: the Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

location: located closest to the nucleus Structure:the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes found throughout the cell and connected to the nucleus. function :folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Microtubules

location: run through the cytoplasm Structure:conveyer belts inside the cells, they are linear polymers of tubulin function:They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. They also serve a cytoskeletal role.

Centrosomes

location:The centrosome is located close to the nucleus Structure:Centrosomes are composed of two orthogonally arranged centrioles surrounded by an amorphous mass of protein termed the pericentriolar material function:Formation of the network of microtubules that participate in making the cytoskeleton

Flagella

location:are located at the rear. Structure:Far from being a simple hair-like structure, the eukaryotic flagellum has a complex cross-section. functionThe primary role of the flagellum is locomotion but it also often has function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the cell.

Vesicles

location:floating in cytoplasm. Structure:consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane function: cellular envelopes that are used to transport materials from one place to another. Vesicles also function in metabolism and enzyme storage as well

Mitochondria

location:in the cytoplasm of cells along with other organelles of the cell. Structure: The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it like a skin. The inner membrane folds over many times and creates layered structures called cristae. The fluid contained in the mitochondria is called the matrix. function:produce the energy currency of the cell, ATP (i.e., phosphorylation of ADP), through respiration, and to regulate cellular metabolism.

Lysosomes

location:n nearly every animal-like eukaryotic cell. Structure:n nearly every animal-like eukaryotic cell. function: They digest excess or worcn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.

ribosomes

location:the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes found throughout the cell and connected to the nucleus. Structure:macromolecular structures composed of rRNA and polypeptide chains, are formed of two subunits function: a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is needed for many cell functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes