Anatomy Ch5
What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?
As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity.
How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of a long bone?
B) It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface.
A Pott fracture occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg.
TRUE
A comminuted fracture shatters the area into a multitude of bony fragments
TRUE
A compression fracture occurs particularly in vertebrae subjected to extreme stress, such as when landing on the gluteal region after a fall.
TRUE
Articular cartilage covers opposing bone surfaces at joints
TRUE
The central canal runs parallel to osteons
TRUE
The perforating canals run perpendicular to osteons.
TRUE
Which of the following describes how bones are innervated?
The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses are innervated by sensory nerves.
A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a(n)
spiral fracture
two types of osseous tissue are
spongy and compact bone
Which is a major function of the skeletal system?
support of the body
Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called
sutural bones
Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?
the bone grows in length
A long bone increases in length until
the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
the person was prepubertal
how do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?
they change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity
What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?
they die and are replaced by bone cells
The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is
to produce new osteoblasts
Which of the following is a solid structure?
trabecula
spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called
trabeculae
Perforating canals (canals of Volkmann)
transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone
Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include
trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles.
Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?
blood cells
The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is
calcification
increased levels of calcium in the blood in a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of
calcitonin
Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as
circumferential lamellae
Organic components of the matrix of bone include
collagen fibers
During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, they are able to break their fall with their hands. However, they stand up holding their wrist in pain. What type of fracture might they have sustained?
colles' fracture
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
connective tissue
The periosteum
covers the outside of bones
The scapula is an example of what type of bone?
flat
Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?
foramen
A depression or concavity on the surface of a bone is called a
fossa
endochondrial ossifications begins with
hyaline cartilage
ossification of flat bones is called
intramembranous
Which of the following is (are) true of the growth of the skeleton?
it begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age
Which of the following is a classification of bone?
long
The skeletal system participates in
maintaining blood calcium levels
The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the
metaphysis
In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone?
osteoclasts
mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are
osteocytes
Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?
osteoprogenitor cell
Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis?
parathyroid hormone
which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone
patella
The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called (the)
primary ossification center
Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to
risk of infection
Bones have a vascular supply that is
very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone
which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys?
vitamin D
In the skeletal system, compact bone is located
where bones are most heavily stressed
a break in a bone is called
a fracture
the period of time when bone remodeling is most likely is
after injury
bone remodeling occurs in
all bone types based on need
Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements?
displaced fracture
The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is (the)
endosteum
A great example of a pneumatized bone is the
ethmoid bone