Anatomy Ch5

What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?

As bone matrix is added to the external surface, osteoclasts remove matrix in the center of the bone to enlarge the cavity.

How does an epiphysis contribute to the growth and function of a long bone?

B) It allows growth at the metaphysis while retaining the shape of the articular surface.

A Pott fracture occurs at the ankle and affects both bones of the lower leg.

TRUE

A comminuted fracture shatters the area into a multitude of bony fragments

TRUE

A compression fracture occurs particularly in vertebrae subjected to extreme stress, such as when landing on the gluteal region after a fall.

TRUE

Articular cartilage covers opposing bone surfaces at joints

TRUE

The central canal runs parallel to osteons

TRUE

The perforating canals run perpendicular to osteons.

TRUE

Which of the following describes how bones are innervated?

The periosteum, endosteum, medullary cavity, and epiphyses are innervated by sensory nerves.

A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting of the bone is called a(n)

spiral fracture

two types of osseous tissue are

spongy and compact bone

Which is a major function of the skeletal system?

support of the body

Extra bones that develop between the usual bones of the skull are called

sutural bones

Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?

the bone grows in length

A long bone increases in length until

the epiphyseal cartilage becomes ossified

If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

the person was prepubertal

how do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?

they change the rates of osteoblast and osteoclast activity

What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?

they die and are replaced by bone cells

The function of an osteoprogenitor cell in osseous tissue is

to produce new osteoblasts

Which of the following is a solid structure?

trabecula

spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called

trabeculae

Perforating canals (canals of Volkmann)

transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include

trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles.

Which of the following is produced within red bone marrow?

blood cells

The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue is

calcification

increased levels of calcium in the blood in a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of

calcitonin

Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as

circumferential lamellae

Organic components of the matrix of bone include

collagen fibers

During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, they are able to break their fall with their hands. However, they stand up holding their wrist in pain. What type of fracture might they have sustained?

colles' fracture

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

The periosteum

covers the outside of bones

The scapula is an example of what type of bone?

flat

Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it?

foramen

A depression or concavity on the surface of a bone is called a

fossa

endochondrial ossifications begins with

hyaline cartilage

ossification of flat bones is called

intramembranous

Which of the following is (are) true of the growth of the skeleton?

it begins to ossify at six weeks of gestational age

Which of the following is a classification of bone?

long

The skeletal system participates in

maintaining blood calcium levels

The epiphyseal cartilage connects to the diaphysis by a narrow zone called the

metaphysis

In osseous tissue, which of the following is able to break down bone?

osteoclasts

mature bone cells that monitor the matrix are

osteocytes

Which type of cell divides readily after a bone is damaged?

osteoprogenitor cell

Which of the following works with calcitrol to maintain bone homeostasis?

parathyroid hormone

which of the following is an example of a sesamoid bone

patella

The first location of long bone formation begins in an area called (the)

primary ossification center

Treating a compound fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to

risk of infection

Bones have a vascular supply that is

very extensive, including many arteries and veins branching throughout the bone

which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys?

vitamin D

In the skeletal system, compact bone is located

where bones are most heavily stressed

a break in a bone is called

a fracture

the period of time when bone remodeling is most likely is

after injury

bone remodeling occurs in

all bone types based on need

Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements?

displaced fracture

The connective tissue covering the inner surface of a bone is (the)

endosteum

A great example of a pneumatized bone is the

ethmoid bone