Anatomy- Chapter 1 Learning Objectives -AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

In which cavities are the following organs located: urinary bladder, stomach, heart, small intestine, lungs, internal female reproductive organs, thymus, spleen, liver? Use the following symbols for your responses: T = thoracic cavity, A = abdominal cavity, or P = pelvic cavity.

Urinary bladder = P, stomach = A, heart = T, small intestine = A, lungs = T, internal female reproductive organs = P, thymus = T, spleen = A, liver = A.

Your anatomy professor displays an MRI scan that shows a parasagittal section of the torso taken through the midpoint of the left mammary gland. Name five organs you would expect to see in this image. You may consult a general photo of the human body.

Lung, diaphragm, stomach, large intestine, small intestine; possibly part of pancreas, ovary or uterine tube, kidney.

What types of movement can occur in the human body?

Movement includes the motion of the whole body , individuals organs , single cells and even structures inside cells. For example the coordinated action of several muscles and bones and enables you to move your from one place to another but before that can happen a human needs to eat and the stomach takes the food and breaks the food down into particles that move into the blood cells and and give the muscle cells a chemical energy that can be use to move the muscle.

Is the radius proximal to the humerus? Is the esophagus anterior to the trachea? Are the ribs superficial to the lungs? Is the urinary bladder medial to the ascending colon? Is the sternum lateral to the descending colon?

No, the radius is distal to the humerus; No, the esophagus is posterior to the trachea; Yes, the ribs are superficial to the lungs; Yes, the urinary bladder is medial to the ascending colon; No, the sternum is medial to the descending colon.

Eight-year-old Taylor was going for the record for the longest upside-down hang from the monkey bars. She didn't make it and she may have done extensive damage to her entire upper limb. The emergency room technician would like an x-ray film of her arm in the anatomical position. Use the proper anatomical terms to describe the position of Taylor's arm, forearm, and hand in the x-ray.

On the x-ray, the bone = humerus of the arm and the brachium would be located most proximal. Two bones of the forearm =ante-brachium, the ulna and radius, would be located distal to the humerus with the ulna situated medial to the radius. In the hand, 15 phalanges would comprise the distal fingers, while the 5 metacarpals would be found in the more proximal palm. Distal to the ulna and radius, and proximal to the metacarpals, the wrist would be comprised of 8 carpal bones.

Which level of structural organization is composed of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function?

Organs are composed of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Which of the following structures are contained in the mediastinum: right lung, heart, esophagus, spinal cord, trachea, rib, thymus, left pleural cavity?

Structures in the mediastinum include the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus.

An alien landed in your backyard, abducted your cat, and flew off. Being an observant student of anatomy, you later described the alien's appearance to the FBI as follows: "It had two caudal extensions, six bilateral extremities, four axillae, and one oral orifice in place of an umbilicus." What did the alien look like?

The alien would have 2 tails, 4 arms, 2 legs, and a mouth where the navel is usually located.

Which plane divides the heart into anterior and posterior portions?

The frontal plane divides the heart into anterior and posterior portions.

In which abdominopelvic region is each of the following found: most of the liver, transverse colon, urinary bladder, spleen?

The liver is mostly in the epigastric region; the transverse colon is in the umbilical region; the urinary bladder is in the hypogastric region; the spleen is in the left hypochondriac region.

In which quadrant would the pain from appendicitis =inflammation of the appendix be felt?

The pain associated with appendicitis would be felt in the right lower quadrant RLQ.

Which plane divides the brain into unequal right and left portions?

The parasagittal plane divides the brain into unequal right and left portions.

Mikhail has been diagnosed with a ruptured appendix, which has allowed bacteria from his intestinal tract to infect his peritoneum. The doctors are very concerned. Why do they consider this condition called peritonitis to be so dangerous?

The peritoneum, the largest serous membrane in the body, covers most organs in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, an infection in this structure can spread to any or all organs in the cavity.

Give several examples of connections between structure and function of the human body.

1. The thin flap of your eyelid can snap down to clear away dust particles and almost instantaneously slide back up to allow you to see again. At the microscopic level, the arrangement and function of the nerves and muscles that serve the eyelid allow for its quick action and retreat. At a smaller level of analysis, the function of these nerves and muscles likewise relies on the interactions of specific molecules and ions. Even the three-dimensional structure of certain molecules is essential to their function. 2. The passageway that carry air to the lungs branch extensively when they reach the lungs. There are 300 million tiny air sacs at the end ends of these air branches with microscopic blood vessels that form tubes around these small air sacs. Because of these anatomical features the total surface are within the lungs is about the size of a handball court. The large surface are is key primarily to the function of the lungs: The efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood happens at a physiology level of in where the oxygen and carbon-dioxide and waste are separated in the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled and oxygen is then transferred to every cell in the blood via the structure of the blood vessels throughout the body.

Define anatomy and Physiology:

Anatomy: the study of the body's parts or the body's structure Physiology: the sturdy of how the body parts work or how the body functions Structure determines function; function determines structure - they're inseparable.

Which branches of anatomy would be used when dissecting a cadaver?

Gross Anatomy

Why is it important to define one standard anatomical position?

Having one standard anatomical position allows directional terms to be clearly defined, so that any body part can be described in relation to any other part.