Anatomy Chapter 3: Practice Questions

The main function of DNA is to dictate ___________ production. a. protein b. carbohydrate c. lipid d. nucleic acid

a. protein

The ________ stage of the neuron cell cycle is the reason that permanent muscle paralysis occurs. a. interphase b. G0 c. G2 d. G1

b. G0

Based on your knowledge of the cell membrane's chemistry, where would steroid hormones most likely interact with their target cell? a. Through interaction with an integral membrane protein b. Inside the target cell's cytoplasm or nucleus c. Steroid hormones don't interact with target cells d. On the exterior surface of the cell

b. Inside the target cell's cytoplasm or nucleus

The presence of which of the following cytoskeletal elements endows cilia with the ability to move and bend? a. Intermediate filaments b. Microtubules c. Microfilaments d. Actin filaments

b. Microtubules

The basic functional unit of living organisms is the __________. a. element b. organism c. cell d. organ

c. cell

Proteasomes are important in: a. producing cellular secretions b. replicating DNA c. destroying soluble cytoplasmic proteins d. protein synthesis

c. destroying soluble cytoplasmic proteins

Which of the following is not an example of simple diffusion? a. Gas exchange in our lungs b. A dissolving sugar cube c. Popcorn odor permeating the room d. A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

d. A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

You would expect that cells that expend a great deal of energy, such as skeletal muscle cells, would have increased quantities of ___________. a. cribosomes b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. peroxisomes d. mitochondria

d. mitochondria

What is a second messenger? a. An intracellular chemical signal b. A ligand c. An extracellular chemical signal d. A membrane receptor

a. An intracellular chemical signal

What stabilizes the membrane while decreasing the fluidity of the membrane? a. Cholesterol b. Glycolipids c. Phospholipids d. Peripheral proteins

a. Cholesterol

In areas of the body subject to a higher degree of mechanical stress, which of the following types of membrane junctions would you expect to be most prevalent? a. Desmosomes b. Microvilli c. Tight junctions d. Gap junctions

a. Desmosomes

What is autophagy? a. Digesting bits of cytoplasm and excess organelles b. Degrading excess extracellular materials c. Degrading excess soluble cytosolic proteins d. Removing excess cells during development

a. Digesting bits of cytoplasm and excess organelles

What is the fluid component between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope called? a. Organelles b. Cytosol c. Cytoplasm d. Inclusions

b. Cytosol

Which of the following cell types does not possess a nucleus at maturity? a. Skeletal muscle cells b. Red blood cells c. Bone destruction cells d. Liver cells

b. Red blood cells

During which stage of the cell's life cycle is DNA replicated? a. G1 b. S c. G2 d. M

b. S

____________ is the process whereby protein is made. a. DNA replication b. Translation c. Transcription d. mRNA editing

b. Translation

The three main components of all cells include the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and the __________. a. DNA b. cytoplasm c. organelle d. cell wall

b. cytoplasm

A red blood cell placed into a container of distilled water will ________ water via ____________. a. gain; diffusion b. gain; osmosis c. lose; diffusion d. lose; osmosis

b. gain; osmosis

Apoptosis, or "programmed cell death," is _________. a. abnormal b. responsible for removing unnecessary tissue c. dangerous d. responsible for creating twins

b. responsible for removing unnecessary tissue

When movement of Na+ ions down their concentration gradient drives the transport of other substances across the cell membrane, it is called___________. a. primary active transport b. secondary active transport c. vesicular transport d. pumping

b. secondary active transport

What protein complex holds newly replicated chromatin strands together? a. Centromere b. Replication bubble c. Cohesin d. Histones

c. Cohesin

Which is not a function of CAMs? a. Anchor the cell to other cells and the extracellular matrix b. SOS signals c. Maintain the membrane potential d. Mechanical sensors

c. Maintain the membrane potential

Which organelle contains enzymes that detoxifies harmful substances? a. Vesicles b. Lysosomes c. Peroxisomes d. Inclusions

c. Peroxisomes

In areas of the body exposed to the external environment and pathogens, such as in the lungs, which type of vesicular transport would you expect to be most prevalent? a. Exocytosis b. Pinocytosis c. Phagocytosis d. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

c. Phagocytosis

Every three nucleotides in a gene code for _________ amino acid(s). a. three b. two c. one d. zero

c. one

Intensely biosynthetic secretory cells such as neurons would be expected to have greater amounts of _________ than other cells. a. centrioles b. lysosomes c. rough endoplasmic reticulum d. peroxisomes

c. rough endoplasmic reticulum

The molecule along which ribosomes slide to dictate protein production is _______. a. a nucleotide b. DNA c. transfer RNA d. messenger RNA

d. messenger RNA

The sodium-potassium pump __________. a. pumps Na+ and K+ out of the cell b. pumps Na+ and K+ into the cell c. pumps Na+ into and K+ out of the cell d. pumps Na+ out of and K+ into the cell

d. pumps Na+ out of and K+ into the cell

Phospholipids orient themselves in aqueous solutions such that __________. a. the polar heads are pointed toward the center of the membrane b. the nonpolar tails are oriented toward the interior of the cell, next to the cytoplasm c. the polar heads and nonpolar tails alternate facing inward d. the polar heads face the interior and exterior of the cell with the tails forming the center of the membrane

d. the polar heads face the interior and exterior of the cell with the tails forming the center of the membrane

Cells that store large quantities of chemicals to be released do so in structures called ____________. a. snares b. docking sacs c. fusion sacs d. vesicles

d. vesicles