anatomy exam 2 brain and spinal cord/spinal nerves
pia mater
-innermost layer -composed of loose C.T. -contains the blood vessles -deep to tthe subarachnoid space
arachnoid mater
-middle layer -composed of loose C.T. superficial to the subarachnoid space
dura mater
-outermost layer -composed of dense irregular C.T. -very tough compared to other spinal meninges
epineurium
-outermost layer -surrounds entire spinal nerve -dense irregular C.T.
endoneurium
-surrounds individual axons -loose C.T. -just outside of Schwann cell
perineurium
-wraps axons into fascicles -dense irregular C.T.
a motor innervation to the foot will travel through?
a ventral root
cerebrum
associated with conscious thought and behaivors
limbic system
associated with emotion and memory
basal ganglia
associated with planning movements before they occur
what is the postcentral gyrus associated with?
basic senstaions
grey matter is composed of _____, and white matter is composed of ____ to send/receive _____ from the brain.
cell bodies; axons; signals; brain
brain stem
control most basic functions of survival (breathing, heart rate, digestion)
hypothalamus
controls the ANS and secrets hormones
the spinal cord ends a structure called the _____ and becomes the ______.
conus medullaris; cauda equina
which of the following is not a function of the cerebrospinal fluid?
delivers signals to the brain
sensory cell bodies are located in the?
dorsal root ganglia dorsal grey matter
lesions on a _____ can lead to pain, _____, and numbness. (sensory)
dorsal root; tingling
the ____ grey matter is composed of _____ neuron cell bodies, while the ____ grey matter is composed of _____ neuron cell bodies.
dorsal; sensory; ventral; motor
in respect to the spinal cord, the ____ matter is deep, while the _____ matter is superficial.
grey; white
pituitary gland
hormone producer
spinal nerves travel through _____ to reach the body, while the spinal cord itself travels through the _____.
intervertebral foramen; vertebral foramen
cerebellum
involved with coordination and balance of movements as they occur
spinal nerve ____ can lead to loss of _____ and muscle _____. (sensory and motor)
lesions; sensation; paralysis
the obturator nerve will innervate the muscles of the?
medial thigh
peripheral nerves are ____ nerves, containing axons from both ____ and _____ neurons.
mixed; sensory; motor
grey matter is composed of _____, while white matter is composed of _____.
neuron cell bodies; axons
which wrapping surrounds each fascicle of a spinal nerve?
perineurium
thalamus
process sensory information from the spinal cord and send it to the cerebral cortex
the main function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to _____ the spinal cord both physically and _____.
protect; chemically
the spinal meninges _____ the spinal cord and supply it with _____ and ______.
protect; oxygen; nutrients
which spinal nerve will innervate the extensor muscles of the arm and forearm?
radial nerve
all of the following are layers of the cranial meninges except?
subarachnoid mater
spinal nerves are part of which system?
the PNS
where is CSF located besides the spinal cord?
the subarachnoid space
lesions on a _____ lead to _____ paralysis. (motor)
ventral root; muscle
