APUSH Chapter 5

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largest group of settlers after English

Africans, 20% of population

established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown

Anglican Church

The two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the...

Anglicans and Congregationalists.

non-established religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening

Baptists

author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American"

Ben Franklin

Southern College found in 1703

College of William and Mary

originally Kings College

Columbia

school to christianize indians

Dartmouth

Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania

Deutsch

Cause: Dry over-intellectualism and loss of religious commitment

Effect: Created the conditions for the Great Awakening to erupt in the early eighteenth century

Cause: The lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradition, and leisure in the colonies

Effect: Forced the migration of colonial artists to Britain to study and pursue artistic careers

Cause: The large profits made by merchants as military suppliers for imperial wars

Effect: Increased the wealth of the eighteenth-century colonial elite

Cause: The high natural fertility of the colonial population

Effect: Led to the increase of American population to one-third of England's in 1775

Cause: The Zenger Case

Effect: Marked the beginnings of freedom of printed political expression in the colonies

Cause: The appointment of unpopular of incompetent royal governors to colonies

Effect: Prompted colonial assemblies to withhold royal governors' salaries

Cause: Upper-class fear of "democratic excesses" by poor whites

Effect: Reinforced colonial property qualifications for voting

Cause: The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the colonies

Effect: Resulted in the development of a colonial "melting pot," only one-half English by 1775

Cause: The Great Awakening

Effect: Stimulated a fervent, emotional style of religion, denominational divisions, and a greater sense of inter-colonial American identity

Cause: American merchants' search for non-British markets

Effect: Was met by British attempts to restrict colonial trade, e.g., the Molasses Act

T or F: The most highly regarded professionals in the colonies were doctors and lawyers.

FALSE: Doctors and lawyers were not regarded highly; Christian clergymen were.

T or F: Most of the spectacular growth of the colonial population came from immigration rather than natural increase.

FALSE: It came from natural increase, not immigration.

T or F: The Established Anglican Church was a more powerful force in colonial life than the Congregational Church of New England.

FALSE: The Congregational Church (Puritans) was more powerful.

T or F: The greatest colonial cultural achievements came in art and imaginative literature rather than in theology and political theory.

FALSE: The greatest achievements came in theology and political theory.

T or F: The most numerous white ethnic groups in the colonies were the Germans and the Scots-Irish.

FALSE: The most numerous white ethnic group was the English.

T or F: Great Awakening revivalists like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield tried to replace the older Puritan ideas of conversion and salvation with more rational and less emotional beliefs.

FALSE: The revivalists wanted more emotion.

T or F: Compared with the seventeenth century colonies, the eighteenth-century colonies were becoming more socially equal and democratic.

FALSE: There was a disparity of wealth in terms of social classes, so they were becoming less socially equal and democratic.

T or F: Colonial merchants were generally satisfied to trade in protected British markets and accepted imperial restrictions on trade with other countries.

FALSE: They smuggled to rebel against taxation and trade restrictions.

itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies

George Whitefield

Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s

Great Awakening

colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press

John Peter Zenger

colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain

John Singleton Copley

brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening & wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Jonathan Edwards

famously wild governor of NY

Lord Cornbury

religion of the Germans

Lutheran

colony with the most catholics

Maryland

last state to get rid of tax supported church in 1833

Massachusets

1733 attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies

Molasses Act

The "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of...

New England, Africa, and the West Indies.

location most germans settle

PA

eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights

Patrick Henry

Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina

Paxton Boys and Regulators

famous painter of George Washington portrait

Peale

German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in...

Pennsylvania.

leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin

Philadelphia

former slave who became a poet at an early age

Phillis Wheatley

Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice

Poor Richard's Almanac

religion of the ScotsIrish

Presbyterian

dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes toward Indians

Quakers

originally Queens College

Rutgers

Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies

Scots-Irish

group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities

Scots-Irish

group closes to the English

South

First state to attempt to end slave trade

South Carolina

T or F: Besides agriculture, the most important colonial economic activities were fishing, shipping, and ocean-going trade.

True

T or F: Most early colonial education, including that at the college level, was closely linked with religion.

True

T or F: The Great Awakening broke down denominational and sectional barriers, creating a greater sense of a common American identity and a united destiny.

True

T or F: The Great Awakening was a revival of fervent religion after a period of religious decline caused by clerical over-intellectualism and lay liberalism in doctrine.

True

T or F: The central point of conflict in colonial politics was the relation between the democratically elected lower house of the assembly and the governors appointed by the king or colonial proprietor.

True

T or F: The lowest class of whites in the colonies consisted of the convicted criminals and prisoners shipped to America by British authorities.

True

T or F: Thomas Jefferson's condemnation of British support of the slave trade was removed from the Declaration of Independence by other members of Congress.

True

painters

Trumball, Copley, Peale, West

college found in 1701 in New Haven, first in conneticut

Yale

The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel

Zenger Case

The primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was...

agriculture.

Among the many important results of the Great Awakening was that it...

broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity.

how wealthy planters spent their earning

buying manufactured goods form england

The most honored professional in colonial America was the...

clergyman.

An unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were...

convicts and paupers.

The upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor

council

Indians and African-Americans shared in the common American experience of...

creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethnic groups.

Term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics

established

The passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to...

find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries.

defender of John Peter Zenger

former indentured servant

Compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed...

greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor.

The Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of...

its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities.

Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities

jayle birds

A once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights

lawyers

Ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it

new light

Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of...

news and political opinion.

boring ministers of NE

old lights/ dead dogs

Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized

praying towns

Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson

regulators

Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate

taverns

The Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in...

the frontier areas.

The primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was...

the natural fertility of the population.

Small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies

triangle trade

Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening, although a few had been founded earlier

universities

A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was...

using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary.


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