APUSH Chapter 5
largest group of settlers after English
Africans, 20% of population
established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown
Anglican Church
The two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the...
Anglicans and Congregationalists.
non-established religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening
Baptists
author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American"
Ben Franklin
Southern College found in 1703
College of William and Mary
originally Kings College
Columbia
school to christianize indians
Dartmouth
Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania
Deutsch
Cause: Dry over-intellectualism and loss of religious commitment
Effect: Created the conditions for the Great Awakening to erupt in the early eighteenth century
Cause: The lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradition, and leisure in the colonies
Effect: Forced the migration of colonial artists to Britain to study and pursue artistic careers
Cause: The large profits made by merchants as military suppliers for imperial wars
Effect: Increased the wealth of the eighteenth-century colonial elite
Cause: The high natural fertility of the colonial population
Effect: Led to the increase of American population to one-third of England's in 1775
Cause: The Zenger Case
Effect: Marked the beginnings of freedom of printed political expression in the colonies
Cause: The appointment of unpopular of incompetent royal governors to colonies
Effect: Prompted colonial assemblies to withhold royal governors' salaries
Cause: Upper-class fear of "democratic excesses" by poor whites
Effect: Reinforced colonial property qualifications for voting
Cause: The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the colonies
Effect: Resulted in the development of a colonial "melting pot," only one-half English by 1775
Cause: The Great Awakening
Effect: Stimulated a fervent, emotional style of religion, denominational divisions, and a greater sense of inter-colonial American identity
Cause: American merchants' search for non-British markets
Effect: Was met by British attempts to restrict colonial trade, e.g., the Molasses Act
T or F: The most highly regarded professionals in the colonies were doctors and lawyers.
FALSE: Doctors and lawyers were not regarded highly; Christian clergymen were.
T or F: Most of the spectacular growth of the colonial population came from immigration rather than natural increase.
FALSE: It came from natural increase, not immigration.
T or F: The Established Anglican Church was a more powerful force in colonial life than the Congregational Church of New England.
FALSE: The Congregational Church (Puritans) was more powerful.
T or F: The greatest colonial cultural achievements came in art and imaginative literature rather than in theology and political theory.
FALSE: The greatest achievements came in theology and political theory.
T or F: The most numerous white ethnic groups in the colonies were the Germans and the Scots-Irish.
FALSE: The most numerous white ethnic group was the English.
T or F: Great Awakening revivalists like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield tried to replace the older Puritan ideas of conversion and salvation with more rational and less emotional beliefs.
FALSE: The revivalists wanted more emotion.
T or F: Compared with the seventeenth century colonies, the eighteenth-century colonies were becoming more socially equal and democratic.
FALSE: There was a disparity of wealth in terms of social classes, so they were becoming less socially equal and democratic.
T or F: Colonial merchants were generally satisfied to trade in protected British markets and accepted imperial restrictions on trade with other countries.
FALSE: They smuggled to rebel against taxation and trade restrictions.
itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies
George Whitefield
Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s
Great Awakening
colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press
John Peter Zenger
colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain
John Singleton Copley
brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening & wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Jonathan Edwards
famously wild governor of NY
Lord Cornbury
religion of the Germans
Lutheran
colony with the most catholics
Maryland
last state to get rid of tax supported church in 1833
Massachusets
1733 attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies
Molasses Act
The "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of...
New England, Africa, and the West Indies.
location most germans settle
PA
eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights
Patrick Henry
Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina
Paxton Boys and Regulators
famous painter of George Washington portrait
Peale
German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in...
Pennsylvania.
leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin
Philadelphia
former slave who became a poet at an early age
Phillis Wheatley
Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice
Poor Richard's Almanac
religion of the ScotsIrish
Presbyterian
dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes toward Indians
Quakers
originally Queens College
Rutgers
Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies
Scots-Irish
group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities
Scots-Irish
group closes to the English
South
First state to attempt to end slave trade
South Carolina
T or F: Besides agriculture, the most important colonial economic activities were fishing, shipping, and ocean-going trade.
True
T or F: Most early colonial education, including that at the college level, was closely linked with religion.
True
T or F: The Great Awakening broke down denominational and sectional barriers, creating a greater sense of a common American identity and a united destiny.
True
T or F: The Great Awakening was a revival of fervent religion after a period of religious decline caused by clerical over-intellectualism and lay liberalism in doctrine.
True
T or F: The central point of conflict in colonial politics was the relation between the democratically elected lower house of the assembly and the governors appointed by the king or colonial proprietor.
True
T or F: The lowest class of whites in the colonies consisted of the convicted criminals and prisoners shipped to America by British authorities.
True
T or F: Thomas Jefferson's condemnation of British support of the slave trade was removed from the Declaration of Independence by other members of Congress.
True
painters
Trumball, Copley, Peale, West
college found in 1701 in New Haven, first in conneticut
Yale
The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel
Zenger Case
The primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was...
agriculture.
Among the many important results of the Great Awakening was that it...
broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity.
how wealthy planters spent their earning
buying manufactured goods form england
The most honored professional in colonial America was the...
clergyman.
An unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were...
convicts and paupers.
The upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor
council
Indians and African-Americans shared in the common American experience of...
creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethnic groups.
Term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics
established
The passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to...
find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries.
defender of John Peter Zenger
former indentured servant
Compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed...
greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor.
The Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of...
its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities.
Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities
jayle birds
A once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights
lawyers
Ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it
new light
Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of...
news and political opinion.
boring ministers of NE
old lights/ dead dogs
Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized
praying towns
Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson
regulators
Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate
taverns
The Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in...
the frontier areas.
The primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was...
the natural fertility of the population.
Small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies
triangle trade
Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening, although a few had been founded earlier
universities
A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was...
using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary.
