Anatomy final
Which of the following is true of myosin? 1. It is located in the A band of the sarcomere, 2. It binds tropomyosin during contraction, 3. It forms thick filaments, 4. the molecules are helix shaped
1,2,3
How many bones are there in the adult body?
206
How many skeletal muscles are there in the human body?
320 pair
There are _____ pairs of true ribs, _____ pairs of false ribs, and _____ pairs of floating ribs
7; 5; 2
An example of an injury to the axial skeleton is
A hockey player with a broken rib
Muscle fatigue and soreness may result when
ATP consumption exceeds ATP production
A person with eosinophilia, or greater than normal eosinophils is most likely
Allergies or internal parasites
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are subdivisions of the
Autonomic Nervous System
Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?
Brain
Dige stion breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules. Select the term that best describes this process
Catabolism
The simplest structures in which the processes of life occur are
Cells
Gross anatomy can best be studied using a microscope.
FALSE
Physiology can best be studied using dissections
FALSE
The parasympathetic system is called the "housekeeper system" because it keeps us alert and ready for action.
False
The muscle also called the calf muscle found in the lower leg that works to raise the heel when the leg is bent is the _____ muscle.
Gastrocnemius
A chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder impairsthe ability of the body to obtain oxygen. Eventually if the body cannot compensate,_______ will be lost
Homeostasis
The pericardium is located
In the superior mediastium, surrounding cardiac vessels
This type of contraction is responsible for maintaining posture.
Isometric contraction
Shortening of sarcomeres causes
Muscles to contract
________ is a movement that extends the foot at the ankle joint.
Plantar flexion
Which muscles are found in your belly and sometimes are called "abs"?
Rectus abdominus
Mother-fetus Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is ____ and her fetus is ____.
Rh -, Rh +
. A band of tough, elastic fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone is a(n) _____.
Tendon
The ventral body cavity contains which of the following cavities?
Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
Which ABO Blood type is the universal receiver?
Type AB
A lack of______ would impair the bodys ability to maintain homeostasis
Water, food, oxygen
A compound fracture is best described as
a break which protrudes through the skin
A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components?
a receptor, an integration center, and an effector
The junction between a nerve and another cell is
a synapse.
The neurotransmitter active in skeletal muscle contraction is
acetylcholine
Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
acetylcholinesterase
Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
actin
_____ tissue is the subcutaneous tissue that provides insulation that reduces the body's heat loss or gain.
adipose
Yellow bone marrow is composed of
adipose tissue.
The motor division of the PNS carries action potentials from the CNS to
all muscle types and glands.
A motor unit is made up of _____.
all the neurons going into an individual section of the body.
The upper and lower limbs compose the_______ portion of the body.
appendicular
Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____.
atrophy
The peripheral nerves are part of either the somatic system or the
autonomic system
The term peripheral refers to a structure that is
away from the center of the body.
The _____ cells are actively involved with allergens.
basophils
Which cells are the rarest leukocyte?
basophils
The sacral region of the body is located
between the hips.
In anatomical terms, the arm is the , and the wrist is the ________region.
brachium; carpal
Another name for the wrist bones is _____.
carpals
The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order to make decisions is called the _____.
central nervous system
The portion of the brain active in most sensory input as well as voluntary muscle control is the _____.
cerebrum
The shaft of a long bone is referred to as the
diaphysis.
A long bone consists of a ________, a long shaft of bone, which extends between two enlarged terminal bones called the ________.
diaphysis; epiphyses
Accessory structures such as hair and glands develop from the
epidermis
The superficial layer of the skin is the
epidermis
The _____ lacks blood vessels and must be nourished by materials diffusing from the blood vessels in the _____.
epidermis, dermis
The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the _____.
fascicle
By morphology, the parietal bone can be classified as a _____ bone.
flat
Sternum is a(n) _______ bone.
flat
These muscles work to close a joint.
flexor
Antigens are
found on the surface of red blood cells, & kinds of red cells that identify a blood type
The plane that separates the body into the front and back, or anterior and posterior portions, is the
frontal and coronal.
The central area of the spinal cord that is the shape of a butterfly in a cross-sectional view is composed of
gray matter
The root of a hair is located within a _____, and inward tubular extension of the epidermis into the dermis.
hair follicle
The knee joint is an example of ________ joint.
hinge
The coxal region refers to the
hips.
The firing or a neuron is also called
hyperpolarization & an action potential
The subcutaneous tissue can also be referred to as
hypodermis
The ________ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body, and it is a major control center for the ________ nervous system.
hypothalamus; autonomic
The chin is to the mouth, and the knee is
inferior: proximal
Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic system?
inhibits the digestive tract dilates the bronchi accelerates the heartbeat
Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?
involuntary
Fingernails and toenails are formed of
keratinized epidermal cells
Which body part has the primary role of stimulating blood cell production?
kidney
Antibodies are defense substance produced by the _____.
lymphocytes
Which cells release antibodies into circulation?
lymphocytes
Which leukocyte does not have phagocytic properties.
lymphocytes
The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the _____.
meninges
All the chemical reactions within a cell or organism are known as
metabolism
The largest cells in the blood that leave the blood stream to become macrophages are _____.
monocytes
An increase in blood flow to the skin may cause what change in appearance?
more pink or red coloring
The space between a muscle cell and a nerve terminal is called
neuromuscular junction
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system produce _________ effects on internal organs and tissues.
opposite
Which muscle helps you pucker your lips for a kiss?
orbicularis oris
The part of a cell that is most like our organs is the
organism
Compact bone is made mostly of cylinders of _____ cemented together
osteons
The accumulation of lactic acid during strenuous muscle activity results from a deficiency of
oxygen
Except for regions covered by articular cartilages, the ________ covers the surface of bones
periosteum
The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue is called the ____.
periosteum
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and the surface of its organs is the
peritoneum
The joint between atlas and axis vertebra is an example of ________ joint.
pivot
Skeletal system functions in all of the following except
production of vitamins.
Keratin is a _____ secreted by cells of the epidermis to waterproof the skin and protect against abrasion.
protein
Muscles move bone by
pulling them
The spaces in spongy bone of an adult's proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur are filled with
red bone marrow
.During an action potential, when the cell membrane changes from a positive inside to a negative inside the cell membrane is undergoing
repolarization'
Intercostal muscles occur in the ____
ribs
The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the clavicle and the ___.
scapula
Glands that secrete an oily liquid into hair follicles are _____ glands.
sebaceous
A spinal nerve (mixed) contains
sensory and motor neurons
A ________ neuron carries impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, and its cell body is located ________ the CNS.
sensory; outside
An interneuron has _____
short dendrites and a long or short axon
The muscles that move the body's bones are ____
skeletal
Which type of muscle has the greatest number of mitochondria?
skeletal muscle
.The somatic system contains nerves that control _______.
skeletal muscles, skin, and glands
The integumentary system is composed of all of the following
skin, glands, hair, nails
The integumentary system contains
skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.
An amphiarthrosis is a _________ joint.
slightly movable
The muscles that comprise the body's internal organs are _____.
smooth
The type of muscle found in the iris of the eye and in the blood vessels is called _____.
smooth muscle
The "sodium potassium pump" pumps _____
sodium ions out and potassium ions in
Inside the epiphysis of each long bone, mostly _____ can be found
spongy bone
The internal portion of an epiphysis consists of
spongy bone
New cells of the epidermis are continuously formed in the
stratum basale
The layer of cells within the epidermis that acts as the foundation for providing new cells is the
stratum basale
The superficial layer of cells that are sloughed off and continually replaced are the
stratum corneum
The term used for immovable joints is
synarthroses.
Which of the following is not associated with the sarcomere?
tendon
The cephalic region comprises
the cranial and facial regions.
During depolarization phase of the action potential, which of the following situations exists?
the inside of the membrane is becoming more positive with respect to the outside.
The axial skeleton includes
the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.
The appendicular skeleton includes
the upper and lower limbs, the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle.
Which one of the following is not one of the categories of bone shape?
thick bones
The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within the
thoracic cavity
Eccrine sweat glands are located
throughout the body
A(n)______consists of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions.
tissue
The term _____ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle.
tone
The greatest medical problem with the Rh blood group is
transfusion incompatibility
The three types of protein strands found in myofibrils of skeletal muscle are
troponin, tropomyosin, and actin
The pectoral girdle consists of
two scapulae and two clavicles
Your four quadriceps muscles are located in your _____.
upper leg
The diaphragm divides the
ventral cavity.
The term used to describe something pertaining to the internal organs is
visceral.
The somatic portion of the nervous system transmits
voluntary actions and conscious information.
Perspiration contains which of the following substances?
waste, water, & salts
Skeletal system stores large amounts of
calcium salts.
The "tug of war" refers to pairs of muscles working in opposition. These pairs are called
. Antagonists
These types of muscle reacts automatically through the nervous system?
. Involuntary
In the sliding filament theory, what would happen if myosin did not attach to the actin filaments?
. The muscle would be permanently relaxed
Strength training and muscle building include
. increasing the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers
In humans, transmission of a nerve impulse across a synaptic cleft is carried out by
. neurotransmitter molecules
Red blood cells have a life span of around ____ before they disintegrate.
120 days
A person with type AB blood would have _____ antigens on red blood cells and _____ antibodies carried in the plasma
A and B, neither anti-A nor anti-B
Which of the following supplies energy required for muscle contration?
ATP
___________ form the blood - brain barrier and act to provide structural support for nerve cells in the CNS.
Astrocytes
Which of the following statements is true concerning human blood.
Blood of all normal humans contain RBC, WBC, platelets, and plasma.
_____ sweat glands are found all over the body and secrete a watery perspiration to cool the body.
Eccrine
How do neurons communicate with each other?
Electrically & Chemically
Two halves of the brain, the right and left hemispheres, are not connected and share no communication.
False
________ is a movement that decreases the angle of bones forming the joint.
Flexion
Homeostasis is maintained by self-regulating physiological pro cesses. Select the process that is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis
Negative Feedback
________ is a movement that rotates the forearm when the palm is turned superiorly or anteriorly
Pronation
. The following is an example of a neuroglial cell in nerve tissue
Schwann cells
The myelin sheath around axons of peripheral neurons is formed by
Schwann cells.
_____ prevents excessive dryness and keeps skin soft and pliable.
Sebum
An organ system that protects vital organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals is the________ system
Skeletal
What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments?
The muscle contracts
Which is the rarest ABO blood type?
Type AB
The covering of the lungs is the ______ and they are located in what cavities
Viceral pleura; pleural
A refractory period is _________.
a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
A tissue is
a group of cells that perform similar functions.
The study of the structure and organization of th e human body is
anatomy.
In anatomical terms, the forearm is the ______region and the fingers are the _________region.
antebrachial; digital
The true ribs
are attached directly to the sternum by dense regular connective tissue
Trabeculae
are found in spongy bone, & give spongy bone a latticework appearance
The life span of a white blood cell is approximately
between 20-30 days
Two or the most common skin cancers are ______, which is less serious than _____, which is invasive and can be deadly
carcinoma, melanoma
Blood, heart, and blood vessels compose the ______system.
cardiovascular
The _________ nervous system is the control center of the nervous system and consists of the _________ and spinal cord.
central; brain
The ________ controls posture, balance, and the coordination of body movements.
cerebellum
The portion of the brain that acts to control posture, balance, and the coordination of skeletal muscle contraction is the _________.
cerebellum
The _________ interprets sensory impulses and controls voluntary body movements and intellectual processes.
cerebrum
The lowest level of organization in the body is the
chemical
The dendrite of a nerve cell acts to
conduct action potentials toward the cell body.
Which of the following is not function of the skeletal system?
coordination
The ________ is a mass of myelinated nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres.
corpus callosum
The dorsal body cavity contains the
cranial cavity and vertebral canal.
A neuron process that receives impulses from receptors or another neuron is a/an
dendrite.
The integument (skin) consists of a superficial _____ and an underlying _____.
epidermis, dermis
Which blood cell can be described as being biconcave?
erythrocyte
Which cell has no nucleus when it is mature?
erythrocyte
Which blood components transport the most gases?
erythrocytes
Scoliosis is an
excessive thoracic curvature of the vertebral column
. Muscles that extend or straighten a body part
extensor
A diarthrosis is a _________ joint.
freely movable
You can feel when your hair is being touched because
hair follicles have neurons associated with them
The sensory neurons that come from internal organs and send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions ____.
help maintain homeostasis
The urinary bladder is located in the ___________region
hypogastric
Apocrine sweat glands are located
in the genital and axillary regions
When a muscle spanning a joint contracts, it pulls the _____ toward the _____.
insertion, origin
Osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in minute spaces know as
lacunae
In compact bone, the matrix is laid down in concentric circles called
lamellae
The stomach is contained within the
left upper quadrant.
Microglia are
macrophages of the CNS that mobilize in response to inflammation and bacteria.
Three common parts of the sternum, listed from superior to inferior in position, are
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
The ___________ controls the reflex center for the regulation of cardiac function, respiratory function, coughing, sneezing, and some digestive functions.
medulla
The respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor control centers are located in the
medulla oblongata.
The pigment of the skin which contributes to skin coloration is
melanin
Exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) stimulates the production of
melanin and vitamin D
The skin pigment that provides protection from UV radiation is ____. It is produced by ____.
melanin, melanocytes
. The component of the reflex arc that carries an action potential from the CNS to an effector is
motor neuron
A skeletal muscle contains many fascicles of _____.
muscle fibers
In function the skeletal system is most closely associated with the
muscular system
Actin and myosin make up the following
myofibrils
The resting potential indicates that the inside of a neuron is _____ compared to the outside
negative
A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is
negative feedback.
Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the _____
neurons
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _______.
neurotransmitters
The type of white blood cell that usually arrives at the site of infection first is a(n)_____.
neutrophils
Which white blood cells are the most common?
neutrophils
Gaps in the myelin sheath are called ______.
nodes of Ranvier
The cranial bone that articulates with the atlas vertebrae is the
occipital bone
Which is not a bone forming the orbit
occipital bone
In anatomical terms, the posterior potion of the elbow is the _______region.
olecranal
Where is the temporalis muscle located?
on the side of the head
. The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from
one Z line to the next Z line
The shoulder joint is an example of ________ joint.
pivot
A nerve impulse is formed when a neuron's _________ becomes permeable to _______ ions, and the sudden inflow of these ions depolarizes the neuron's plasma membrane.
plasma membrane; sodium
The region surrounding the knee can be describe as the
popliteal and patellar
A feedback mechanism that amplifies the stimulus is called
positive feedback.
The gallbladder is located in the________quadrant
right upper
A plane that divides the body into equal left and right portions
sagittal
The plasma membrane, or phospholipid bilayer, of a skeletal muscle cell is referred to as the
sarcolemma
The functional unit of contractile system in striated muscle is the _____.
sarcomere
The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body to meet emergencies.
sympathetic
The intervertebral disc is a(n) __________ containing __________.
synarthrosis; cartilage
Muscles that act together to cause similar movements are called _____.
synergists
The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the
transverse
The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult would contain ____.
yellow bone marrow
The prominence of each cheek is formed by the
zygomatic bone.
