Anatomy final

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Which of the following is true of myosin? 1. It is located in the A band of the sarcomere, 2. It binds tropomyosin during contraction, 3. It forms thick filaments, 4. the molecules are helix shaped

1,2,3

How many bones are there in the adult body?

206

How many skeletal muscles are there in the human body?

320 pair

There are _____ pairs of true ribs, _____ pairs of false ribs, and _____ pairs of floating ribs

7; 5; 2

An example of an injury to the axial skeleton is

A hockey player with a broken rib

Muscle fatigue and soreness may result when

ATP consumption exceeds ATP production

A person with eosinophilia, or greater than normal eosinophils is most likely

Allergies or internal parasites

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are subdivisions of the

Autonomic Nervous System

Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?

Brain

Dige stion breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules. Select the term that best describes this process

Catabolism

The simplest structures in which the processes of life occur are

Cells

Gross anatomy can best be studied using a microscope.

FALSE

Physiology can best be studied using dissections

FALSE

The parasympathetic system is called the "housekeeper system" because it keeps us alert and ready for action.

False

The muscle also called the calf muscle found in the lower leg that works to raise the heel when the leg is bent is the _____ muscle.

Gastrocnemius

A chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder impairsthe ability of the body to obtain oxygen. Eventually if the body cannot compensate,_______ will be lost

Homeostasis

The pericardium is located

In the superior mediastium, surrounding cardiac vessels

This type of contraction is responsible for maintaining posture.

Isometric contraction

Shortening of sarcomeres causes

Muscles to contract

________ is a movement that extends the foot at the ankle joint.

Plantar flexion

Which muscles are found in your belly and sometimes are called "abs"?

Rectus abdominus

Mother-fetus Rh blood type incompatibility problems can occur if the mother is ____ and her fetus is ____.

Rh -, Rh +

. A band of tough, elastic fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone is a(n) _____.

Tendon

The ventral body cavity contains which of the following cavities?

Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Which ABO Blood type is the universal receiver?

Type AB

A lack of______ would impair the bodys ability to maintain homeostasis

Water, food, oxygen

A compound fracture is best described as

a break which protrudes through the skin

A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components?

a receptor, an integration center, and an effector

The junction between a nerve and another cell is

a synapse.

The neurotransmitter active in skeletal muscle contraction is

acetylcholine

Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?

acetylcholinesterase

Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?

actin

_____ tissue is the subcutaneous tissue that provides insulation that reduces the body's heat loss or gain.

adipose

Yellow bone marrow is composed of

adipose tissue.

The motor division of the PNS carries action potentials from the CNS to

all muscle types and glands.

A motor unit is made up of _____.

all the neurons going into an individual section of the body.

The upper and lower limbs compose the_______ portion of the body.

appendicular

Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____.

atrophy

The peripheral nerves are part of either the somatic system or the

autonomic system

The term peripheral refers to a structure that is

away from the center of the body.

The _____ cells are actively involved with allergens.

basophils

Which cells are the rarest leukocyte?

basophils

The sacral region of the body is located

between the hips.

In anatomical terms, the arm is the , and the wrist is the ________region.

brachium; carpal

Another name for the wrist bones is _____.

carpals

The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order to make decisions is called the _____.

central nervous system

The portion of the brain active in most sensory input as well as voluntary muscle control is the _____.

cerebrum

The shaft of a long bone is referred to as the

diaphysis.

A long bone consists of a ________, a long shaft of bone, which extends between two enlarged terminal bones called the ________.

diaphysis; epiphyses

Accessory structures such as hair and glands develop from the

epidermis

The superficial layer of the skin is the

epidermis

The _____ lacks blood vessels and must be nourished by materials diffusing from the blood vessels in the _____.

epidermis, dermis

The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the _____.

fascicle

By morphology, the parietal bone can be classified as a _____ bone.

flat

Sternum is a(n) _______ bone.

flat

These muscles work to close a joint.

flexor

Antigens are

found on the surface of red blood cells, & kinds of red cells that identify a blood type

The plane that separates the body into the front and back, or anterior and posterior portions, is the

frontal and coronal.

The central area of the spinal cord that is the shape of a butterfly in a cross-sectional view is composed of

gray matter

The root of a hair is located within a _____, and inward tubular extension of the epidermis into the dermis.

hair follicle

The knee joint is an example of ________ joint.

hinge

The coxal region refers to the

hips.

The firing or a neuron is also called

hyperpolarization & an action potential

The subcutaneous tissue can also be referred to as

hypodermis

The ________ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body, and it is a major control center for the ________ nervous system.

hypothalamus; autonomic

The chin is to the mouth, and the knee is

inferior: proximal

Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic system?

inhibits the digestive tract dilates the bronchi accelerates the heartbeat

Which of the following terms does not belong with the others?

involuntary

Fingernails and toenails are formed of

keratinized epidermal cells

Which body part has the primary role of stimulating blood cell production?

kidney

Antibodies are defense substance produced by the _____.

lymphocytes

Which cells release antibodies into circulation?

lymphocytes

Which leukocyte does not have phagocytic properties.

lymphocytes

The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the _____.

meninges

All the chemical reactions within a cell or organism are known as

metabolism

The largest cells in the blood that leave the blood stream to become macrophages are _____.

monocytes

An increase in blood flow to the skin may cause what change in appearance?

more pink or red coloring

The space between a muscle cell and a nerve terminal is called

neuromuscular junction

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system produce _________ effects on internal organs and tissues.

opposite

Which muscle helps you pucker your lips for a kiss?

orbicularis oris

The part of a cell that is most like our organs is the

organism

Compact bone is made mostly of cylinders of _____ cemented together

osteons

The accumulation of lactic acid during strenuous muscle activity results from a deficiency of

oxygen

Except for regions covered by articular cartilages, the ________ covers the surface of bones

periosteum

The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue is called the ____.

periosteum

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and the surface of its organs is the

peritoneum

The joint between atlas and axis vertebra is an example of ________ joint.

pivot

Skeletal system functions in all of the following except

production of vitamins.

Keratin is a _____ secreted by cells of the epidermis to waterproof the skin and protect against abrasion.

protein

Muscles move bone by

pulling them

The spaces in spongy bone of an adult's proximal epiphyses of the humerus and femur are filled with

red bone marrow

.During an action potential, when the cell membrane changes from a positive inside to a negative inside the cell membrane is undergoing

repolarization'

Intercostal muscles occur in the ____

ribs

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the clavicle and the ___.

scapula

Glands that secrete an oily liquid into hair follicles are _____ glands.

sebaceous

A spinal nerve (mixed) contains

sensory and motor neurons

A ________ neuron carries impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, and its cell body is located ________ the CNS.

sensory; outside

An interneuron has _____

short dendrites and a long or short axon

The muscles that move the body's bones are ____

skeletal

Which type of muscle has the greatest number of mitochondria?

skeletal muscle

.The somatic system contains nerves that control _______.

skeletal muscles, skin, and glands

The integumentary system is composed of all of the following

skin, glands, hair, nails

The integumentary system contains

skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

An amphiarthrosis is a _________ joint.

slightly movable

The muscles that comprise the body's internal organs are _____.

smooth

The type of muscle found in the iris of the eye and in the blood vessels is called _____.

smooth muscle

The "sodium potassium pump" pumps _____

sodium ions out and potassium ions in

Inside the epiphysis of each long bone, mostly _____ can be found

spongy bone

The internal portion of an epiphysis consists of

spongy bone

New cells of the epidermis are continuously formed in the

stratum basale

The layer of cells within the epidermis that acts as the foundation for providing new cells is the

stratum basale

The superficial layer of cells that are sloughed off and continually replaced are the

stratum corneum

The term used for immovable joints is

synarthroses.

Which of the following is not associated with the sarcomere?

tendon

The cephalic region comprises

the cranial and facial regions.

During depolarization phase of the action potential, which of the following situations exists?

the inside of the membrane is becoming more positive with respect to the outside.

The axial skeleton includes

the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.

The appendicular skeleton includes

the upper and lower limbs, the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle.

Which one of the following is not one of the categories of bone shape?

thick bones

The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within the

thoracic cavity

Eccrine sweat glands are located

throughout the body

A(n)______consists of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions.

tissue

The term _____ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle.

tone

The greatest medical problem with the Rh blood group is

transfusion incompatibility

The three types of protein strands found in myofibrils of skeletal muscle are

troponin, tropomyosin, and actin

The pectoral girdle consists of

two scapulae and two clavicles

Your four quadriceps muscles are located in your _____.

upper leg

The diaphragm divides the

ventral cavity.

The term used to describe something pertaining to the internal organs is

visceral.

The somatic portion of the nervous system transmits

voluntary actions and conscious information.

Perspiration contains which of the following substances?

waste, water, & salts

Skeletal system stores large amounts of

calcium salts.

The "tug of war" refers to pairs of muscles working in opposition. These pairs are called

. Antagonists

These types of muscle reacts automatically through the nervous system?

. Involuntary

In the sliding filament theory, what would happen if myosin did not attach to the actin filaments?

. The muscle would be permanently relaxed

Strength training and muscle building include

. increasing the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers

In humans, transmission of a nerve impulse across a synaptic cleft is carried out by

. neurotransmitter molecules

Red blood cells have a life span of around ____ before they disintegrate.

120 days

A person with type AB blood would have _____ antigens on red blood cells and _____ antibodies carried in the plasma

A and B, neither anti-A nor anti-B

Which of the following supplies energy required for muscle contration?

ATP

___________ form the blood - brain barrier and act to provide structural support for nerve cells in the CNS.

Astrocytes

Which of the following statements is true concerning human blood.

Blood of all normal humans contain RBC, WBC, platelets, and plasma.

_____ sweat glands are found all over the body and secrete a watery perspiration to cool the body.

Eccrine

How do neurons communicate with each other?

Electrically & Chemically

Two halves of the brain, the right and left hemispheres, are not connected and share no communication.

False

________ is a movement that decreases the angle of bones forming the joint.

Flexion

Homeostasis is maintained by self-regulating physiological pro cesses. Select the process that is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Negative Feedback

________ is a movement that rotates the forearm when the palm is turned superiorly or anteriorly

Pronation

. The following is an example of a neuroglial cell in nerve tissue

Schwann cells

The myelin sheath around axons of peripheral neurons is formed by

Schwann cells.

_____ prevents excessive dryness and keeps skin soft and pliable.

Sebum

An organ system that protects vital organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals is the________ system

Skeletal

What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments?

The muscle contracts

Which is the rarest ABO blood type?

Type AB

The covering of the lungs is the ______ and they are located in what cavities

Viceral pleura; pleural

A refractory period is _________.

a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse

A tissue is

a group of cells that perform similar functions.

The study of the structure and organization of th e human body is

anatomy.

In anatomical terms, the forearm is the ______region and the fingers are the _________region.

antebrachial; digital

The true ribs

are attached directly to the sternum by dense regular connective tissue

Trabeculae

are found in spongy bone, & give spongy bone a latticework appearance

The life span of a white blood cell is approximately

between 20-30 days

Two or the most common skin cancers are ______, which is less serious than _____, which is invasive and can be deadly

carcinoma, melanoma

Blood, heart, and blood vessels compose the ______system.

cardiovascular

The _________ nervous system is the control center of the nervous system and consists of the _________ and spinal cord.

central; brain

The ________ controls posture, balance, and the coordination of body movements.

cerebellum

The portion of the brain that acts to control posture, balance, and the coordination of skeletal muscle contraction is the _________.

cerebellum

The _________ interprets sensory impulses and controls voluntary body movements and intellectual processes.

cerebrum

The lowest level of organization in the body is the

chemical

The dendrite of a nerve cell acts to

conduct action potentials toward the cell body.

Which of the following is not function of the skeletal system?

coordination

The ________ is a mass of myelinated nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres.

corpus callosum

The dorsal body cavity contains the

cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

A neuron process that receives impulses from receptors or another neuron is a/an

dendrite.

The integument (skin) consists of a superficial _____ and an underlying _____.

epidermis, dermis

Which blood cell can be described as being biconcave?

erythrocyte

Which cell has no nucleus when it is mature?

erythrocyte

Which blood components transport the most gases?

erythrocytes

Scoliosis is an

excessive thoracic curvature of the vertebral column

. Muscles that extend or straighten a body part

extensor

A diarthrosis is a _________ joint.

freely movable

You can feel when your hair is being touched because

hair follicles have neurons associated with them

The sensory neurons that come from internal organs and send impulses to the CNS where reflex actions ____.

help maintain homeostasis

The urinary bladder is located in the ___________region

hypogastric

Apocrine sweat glands are located

in the genital and axillary regions

When a muscle spanning a joint contracts, it pulls the _____ toward the _____.

insertion, origin

Osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in minute spaces know as

lacunae

In compact bone, the matrix is laid down in concentric circles called

lamellae

The stomach is contained within the

left upper quadrant.

Microglia are

macrophages of the CNS that mobilize in response to inflammation and bacteria.

Three common parts of the sternum, listed from superior to inferior in position, are

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

The ___________ controls the reflex center for the regulation of cardiac function, respiratory function, coughing, sneezing, and some digestive functions.

medulla

The respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor control centers are located in the

medulla oblongata.

The pigment of the skin which contributes to skin coloration is

melanin

Exposure to sunlight (UV radiation) stimulates the production of

melanin and vitamin D

The skin pigment that provides protection from UV radiation is ____. It is produced by ____.

melanin, melanocytes

. The component of the reflex arc that carries an action potential from the CNS to an effector is

motor neuron

A skeletal muscle contains many fascicles of _____.

muscle fibers

In function the skeletal system is most closely associated with the

muscular system

Actin and myosin make up the following

myofibrils

The resting potential indicates that the inside of a neuron is _____ compared to the outside

negative

A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is

negative feedback.

Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the _____

neurons

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _______.

neurotransmitters

The type of white blood cell that usually arrives at the site of infection first is a(n)_____.

neutrophils

Which white blood cells are the most common?

neutrophils

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called ______.

nodes of Ranvier

The cranial bone that articulates with the atlas vertebrae is the

occipital bone

Which is not a bone forming the orbit

occipital bone

In anatomical terms, the posterior potion of the elbow is the _______region.

olecranal

Where is the temporalis muscle located?

on the side of the head

. The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from

one Z line to the next Z line

The shoulder joint is an example of ________ joint.

pivot

A nerve impulse is formed when a neuron's _________ becomes permeable to _______ ions, and the sudden inflow of these ions depolarizes the neuron's plasma membrane.

plasma membrane; sodium

The region surrounding the knee can be describe as the

popliteal and patellar

A feedback mechanism that amplifies the stimulus is called

positive feedback.

The gallbladder is located in the________quadrant

right upper

A plane that divides the body into equal left and right portions

sagittal

The plasma membrane, or phospholipid bilayer, of a skeletal muscle cell is referred to as the

sarcolemma

The functional unit of contractile system in striated muscle is the _____.

sarcomere

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body to meet emergencies.

sympathetic

The intervertebral disc is a(n) __________ containing __________.

synarthrosis; cartilage

Muscles that act together to cause similar movements are called _____.

synergists

The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the

transverse

The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult would contain ____.

yellow bone marrow

The prominence of each cheek is formed by the

zygomatic bone.


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