Anatomy Final Ch 14 Brain Part 1
What structure connects the third and 4th ventricles?
Cerebral Aqueduct
What is the job of the cerebellum?
Coordinates body movements, maintains posture & equilibrium
The superior and inferior colliculi together comprise what structure? What is the (general) role of this structure?
Corpora Quadrigemina -Integrates auditory & visual reflexes
Which part of the neural tube gives rise to the brain?
Rostal (towards nose)
What structure separates the lateral ventricles?
Septum Pellucidum
How is gray matter different from white matter?
-Gray Matter is unmyelinated neurons and neuron cell bodies (called brain nuclei). -White Matter is made of myelinated (and some non-myelinated) axons.
How many ventricles are located in the brain?
-4 hollow spaces located in cerebrum and brain stem -Filled with CSF
Where is the Fourth Ventricle and explain its connection
-Brain Stem -Cerebral Aqueduct connects 3rd & 4th Ventricles -4th Ventricle connects to Central Canal of Spinal Cord
The diencephalon is surrounded by what three structures?
-Cerebral Hemispheres -Thalamus (Lateral Walls) -Hypothalamus (Floor) -Epithalamus (Roof)
Where are the Lateral Ventricles (2) and explain their connection
-Cerebrum -Separated by Septum Pellucidum -Connected to Third Ventricle
What is the job of the thalamus? Why is it important?
-Contains major relay nuclei that send axons to portions of the cerebral cortex. -Relays somatosensory, visual, and auditory info (all except smell). (All Incoming Sensory Info) Any part of the brain trying to communicate with the cerebrum/cerebral cortex must go through thalamus
What are the functions of the brain (general)?
-Controls heart rate, respiration and blood pressure and maintains homeostasis. -Innervation of head, neck and viscera. -High level tasks - intelligence, consciousness, memory, emotion, behavior
What is the reticular formation? What is its role?
-Located in the center of the brain stem -Coordinate reflexes and autonomic (automatic) behaviors involving cranial nerves -Cardiac center adjusts force/rate of heartbeat -Vasomotor center regulates blood pressure -Medullary respiratory center controls rhythm and rate of breathing.
Where is the Third Ventricle and explain its connection
-Median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami -Connects to Lateral Ventricles via Interventricular Foramen -Cerebral Aqueduct connects 3rd & 4th Ventricles
What is the role of the superior colliculus? Inferior colliculus?
-Superior Colliculus acts for visual reflexes -Inferior Colliculi respond to sound.
What are the four main parts of the brain?
1) Cerebrum-Main, higher level thinking 2) Diencephalon 3) Cerebellum-Motor 4) Brain Stem
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
1) Midbrain 2) Pons 3) Medulla Oblongata
What are the general functions of the brain stem (4)?
1) Passageway for fiber tracts between cerebrum and spinal cord. 2) Cranial nerves and innervation of the face and head. 3) Automatic behaviors needed for survival 4) Integrates auditory and visual reflexes.
Which neural tube defect results from failure of the cranial neural tube to form?
Anencephaly
What structures enable the CSF to surround the brain?
Apertures -Openings in the walls of the 4th Ventricle allow CSF to surround brain in the subarachnoid space
In sagittal view, what structure in the cerebellum is made of white matter?
Arbor Vitae (Tree of Life)
What material fills the ventricles of the brain?
CSF
What (non-brain) structure does the 4th ventricle connect to?
Central Canal of Spinal Cord
What structure contains the 3rd ventricle of the brain?
Diencephalon
What epithelial tissue lines the ventricles of the brain?
Ependymal Epithelium
What is the job of the ventricles of the brain?
Hollow spaces in the brain filled with CSF that allow brain to cleanse itself and provide cushioning/buoyancy to avoid collapsing
What is "neurulation"?
Formation of the neural tube and differentiation into brain and spinal cord
What is the role of the folia?
Increase surface area
What structure connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle?
Interventricular Foramen
What is the (overall) job of the hypothalamus?
Main internal control center (many jobs)
Which of the brain stem structures is most caudal (posterior)?
Medulla Oblongata
What gland is contained within the epithalamus?
Pineal Gland (endocrine function)
Which neural tube defect results from failure of the caudal neural tube to completely close off?
Spina Bifida
What structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Vermis