Anatomy First Semester Review

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if the eyepiece of a microscope is 10 X and the low power objective is 10 X, what is the total magnification?

100 X

Which type of epithelial shown above is most likely found leading the gut and functions in the absorption?

A

What is required for active transport to occur?

ATP

Proteins are "packed for delivery" by the:

Glogi apparatus

A droplet of oil is found within the cells of the tissue, which is used for energy storage:

adipose

Metabolism refers to:

all the physical and chemical changes that occur in an organism

All tissues cells attached to an underlying structure called the:

basement membrane

In order for tattoos to not be replaced by new cells, the ink must be injected:

below the basement membrane

Lighter skin may have evolved in northern climates because:

birth defects occur if mothers do not get enough folic acid

Atmospheric pressure is required of human life because it is necessary for:

breathing

The basic unit of structure and function in the human body is the:

cell

Selectively permeable refers to which part of the cell?

cell membrane

Cartlidge cells are also called:

chondrocytes

What organ system functions to transport substances throughout the body?

circulatory

Cartliage is a type of ____ tissue.

connective

Collagenous fibers are associated with what type of tissue?

connective

The four types of tissues are: epithelial, muscle, nervous, and _____.

connective

What type of tissues is the most abundant tissue in the body?

connective

The fluid that the organelles float within is called the:

cytoplasm

The Cartliage that makes up tendons and ligaments is classified as:

dense connective tissue

For a person with epidermolusis bullosa, anchors between which structures are missing?

dermis and epidermidis

What muscle separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity?

diaphragm

When cells become specialized to perform a function, it is called:

differentiation

Oxygen is small enough to pass through the cell membrane as long as the concentration of oxygen is high outside the cell. This type of movement would be referred to as:

diffusion

Simple squamous cells are found in the lungs. These cells are specialized for what function?

diffusion

Muscles or glands that respond to change in the body, such as sweat glands when body is hot:

effectors

Hormone regulation and secretion is the job of this organ system:

endocrine

In order to maintain homeostasis, the body requires a constant supply of:

energy

Based on the illustration, the bag that contains .4M solution will __________ if left in the beaker.

expand

The parietal membrane is the part that:

faces outward, toward the cavity

What cells produce collagen and elastic fibers found in connective tissue?

fibroblasts

This type of Cartliage cushions the vertebrae:

fibrocartilage

These cells are scattered throughout columnar tissue and function to secrete mucus:

goblet cells

Hyponatremia occurs when a person

has too much water in the blood

Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in what organ?

heart

During diffusion, molecules move from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.

high, low

The body's tendency to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment through self-regulating adjustments is called:

homeostasis

This type of Cartliage covers and cushions the bones at their joints:

hyaline

The solution pictured is:

hypotonic

What happens when the body is unable to maintain homeostasis?

illness or death

When blood sugar level drops, the pancreas secretes:

insulin

if a seller is placed in a solution with a high concentration of salt, you would expect for the cell to ______ as a result of ______.

lose water, osmosis

This system functions in the body's defense against infection:

lymphatic

Sometimes the cell commits suicide by releasing the contents of this organelle, which causes the salt to digest itself. What organelle would do this?

lysosome

Digestive enzymes are stored in which structure?

lysosomes

Cells of the connective tissue that functions to consume other cells (such as invading bacteria):

macrophages

Which of the following cells is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin?

melanocytes

Extensions of the cells )larger than the cilia) that are used for absorption or called:

microvilli

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

milk production and suckling infants

The process of cellular respiration takes place in which organelle?

mitochondria

Which organelle would you find to be extremely abundant in cells that require a lot of energy, such as a muscle cell?

mitochondria

Ciliated cells are useful for what bodily function?

moving air through the respiratory tract

Cardiac, skeletal and smoother all types of _____ tissue.

muscle

These cells function as support cells and protective cells for neurons:

neurogila

This cell is a main component of the brain and nervous tissue:

neuron

Someone with an abundance of melanocyte who lives in an area with low sunlight may have what problem?

not enough vitamin D

The dark circles on any of the above drawings represent:

nuclei

Which of the following is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

nucleolus

Where is DNA found in the cell?

nucleus

You should carry a microscope with

one hand under the base and one on the arm

Structures inside the cell that perform specific functions are called:

organelles

The study of the FUNCTION of our body's organs, tissues, and system is called:

physiology

A body that is face down is in what position?

prone

The purpose of these cells is:

protection from UV radiation

The rough appearance of some endoplasmic rectilium (rough ER) is caused by?

ribosomes

What structure in the cell is responsible for making protein?

ribosomes

Responsiveness refers to an organism's ability to:

sense changes and react to them

Fluid that lubricates the organs is called:

serous fluid

The normal range for vital signs like temperature, fluctuates around a(n):

set point

The cells that make up the skin, cover organs, and line the esophagus are:

simple cubodial

A cut that only goes through the layer of skin, would be called:

superficial

What structure connects bones to muscles:

tendons

This stretchable tissue can be found where in the body?

the urinary bladder

A group, or mass, of similar cells working together to carry out the same function forms:

tissues

Which type of epithelial tissue is stretchable?

transitional

A function of the endoplasmic reticulum in cells is:

transport of materials throughout the cell

The function of this system is to remove wastes from the blood and maintain water balance.

urinary

Which vital sign would indicate that a person has hyponatremia?

urine sodium levels

Substances are transported through the cell (and even outside of the cell) inside:

vesicles

The dorsal and ventral cavities are filled with organs; as a group they are called ______.

visceral organs


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