Anatomy In-Class Questions for Exam II

Which of the following is true about red muscles?

Red muscles are slower than white muscles

In a newborn, the large bones of the skull are joined by fibrous connective tissue but later form immovable joints. Structurally, which type of joints are these?

fibrous name for fibrous connective tissue = fontanel replaced by sutures = fibrous

During baseball practice, a ball hits Casey in the eye, fracturing the bones directly above and below the orbit. Which bones were broken?

frontal and zygomatic bones

What types of joints form between the articular facets of adjacent vertebrae?

gliding

During moderate muscle activity, ______

glucose and fatty acids are catabolized

When the oxygen levels drop below normal levels, muscles resort to ____ for energy production

glycolysis

Muscle fatigue _______

is caused by buildup of lactic acid

How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine (ACh) release affect muscle contraction?

it would block or weaken muscle contraction

Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion:

moving the humerus away from the longitudinal axis of the body = abduction turning the palms so that they are face forward = supination bending the elbow = flexion opening the mouth = depression gazing at the ceiling = hyperextension

If the sarcoplasmic reticulum were to rupture, what immediate effect might this have on the muscle cell?

muscle contraction would begin

What would happen if the acetylcholinesterase were destroyed?

muscle fiber would be unable to relax

Looking at the muscle name sternocleidomastoid, you would identify that this muscle is located in the area of the _____

neck

What structure divides the skeletal muscle into compartments and contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves?

perimysium

In adults, 5 large vertebrae fuse to form what single structure

sacrum

Which of the following changes takes place when a skeletal muscle contracts?

sarcomeres become shorter

What bone contains the depression that houses the pituitary gland?

sphenoid bone

The heart has to be able to regulate its contractions. Heart muscle, unlike skeletal muscle, cannot go into a tetanus. This is because

the heart muscle has to be able to consistently contract and pump blood in a controlled fashion

The primary curves of the vertebral column develop before birth are the _____

thoracic and sacral

The role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction is _________

to bind to troponin, cause it to move tropomyosin, and thereby expose actin to myosin heads

You are lying on the floor with your feet flat and your knees up practicing your abdominal crunches. You raise your upper body to the ceiling, up and down. What muscles are you using to the greatest extent?

transverse abdominis

A fracture of the coronoid process of the mandible makes it difficult to close the mouth bc it is attachment site for the muscle that closes the jaw

True

Daphne falls on her hands with her elbows slightly flexed. After the fall, she can't move her left arm at the elbow. If a fracture exists, which bone is most likely broken?

Ulna

A motor unit from a skeletal muscle containing 1500 muscle fibers is involved in fine, delicate movements

false, involved in gross movements

Individuals who excel at endurance activities like cycling or long-distance running have a higher than normal percentage of fast muscle fibers

false; slow muscle fibers

How do intercalated discs enhance the functioning of cardiac muscle tissue

by allowing all cardiac muscle cells to contract simultaneously

While jumping off the back steps of his house, 10 y/o Cesar lands on his right heel and breaks his foot. Which bone is most likely broken?

calcaneus

Extracellular calcium ions are important for the contraction of what type(s) of muscle tissue?

cardiac and smooth