Anatomy In-Class Questions for Exam II
Which of the following is true about red muscles?
Red muscles are slower than white muscles
In a newborn, the large bones of the skull are joined by fibrous connective tissue but later form immovable joints. Structurally, which type of joints are these?
fibrous name for fibrous connective tissue = fontanel replaced by sutures = fibrous
During baseball practice, a ball hits Casey in the eye, fracturing the bones directly above and below the orbit. Which bones were broken?
frontal and zygomatic bones
What types of joints form between the articular facets of adjacent vertebrae?
gliding
During moderate muscle activity, ______
glucose and fatty acids are catabolized
When the oxygen levels drop below normal levels, muscles resort to ____ for energy production
glycolysis
Muscle fatigue _______
is caused by buildup of lactic acid
How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine (ACh) release affect muscle contraction?
it would block or weaken muscle contraction
Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion:
moving the humerus away from the longitudinal axis of the body = abduction turning the palms so that they are face forward = supination bending the elbow = flexion opening the mouth = depression gazing at the ceiling = hyperextension
If the sarcoplasmic reticulum were to rupture, what immediate effect might this have on the muscle cell?
muscle contraction would begin
What would happen if the acetylcholinesterase were destroyed?
muscle fiber would be unable to relax
Looking at the muscle name sternocleidomastoid, you would identify that this muscle is located in the area of the _____
neck
What structure divides the skeletal muscle into compartments and contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves?
perimysium
In adults, 5 large vertebrae fuse to form what single structure
sacrum
Which of the following changes takes place when a skeletal muscle contracts?
sarcomeres become shorter
What bone contains the depression that houses the pituitary gland?
sphenoid bone
The heart has to be able to regulate its contractions. Heart muscle, unlike skeletal muscle, cannot go into a tetanus. This is because
the heart muscle has to be able to consistently contract and pump blood in a controlled fashion
The primary curves of the vertebral column develop before birth are the _____
thoracic and sacral
The role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction is _________
to bind to troponin, cause it to move tropomyosin, and thereby expose actin to myosin heads
You are lying on the floor with your feet flat and your knees up practicing your abdominal crunches. You raise your upper body to the ceiling, up and down. What muscles are you using to the greatest extent?
transverse abdominis
A fracture of the coronoid process of the mandible makes it difficult to close the mouth bc it is attachment site for the muscle that closes the jaw
True
Daphne falls on her hands with her elbows slightly flexed. After the fall, she can't move her left arm at the elbow. If a fracture exists, which bone is most likely broken?
Ulna
A motor unit from a skeletal muscle containing 1500 muscle fibers is involved in fine, delicate movements
false, involved in gross movements
Individuals who excel at endurance activities like cycling or long-distance running have a higher than normal percentage of fast muscle fibers
false; slow muscle fibers
How do intercalated discs enhance the functioning of cardiac muscle tissue
by allowing all cardiac muscle cells to contract simultaneously
While jumping off the back steps of his house, 10 y/o Cesar lands on his right heel and breaks his foot. Which bone is most likely broken?
calcaneus
Extracellular calcium ions are important for the contraction of what type(s) of muscle tissue?
cardiac and smooth