Anatomy Integumentary test

_______ are fine hairs that cover much of the body surface.

Vellus hairs

What is the primary function reason people near the extreme northern and southern latitudes evolved less pigmented skin (lighter)?

Vitamin D production

What is the primary reason people evolved higher skin pigmentation near the equator?

Vitamin D production

Types of skin cancers include

all excerpt actinic keratosis

Deodorants are used to reduce odor of_______secretions.

apocrine

Most body odor is the result of bacterial metabolism of the secretions produced by _________ glands

apocrine sweat

What tissue in skin is most commonly associated with inflammation?

areolar connective tissue

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

arrector pili

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Shafts of hair are composed of

dead cells

The substance called cerumen from ceruminous glands is commonly known as

earwax

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

The dermis ______

has two layers

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

All of the following are pigments involved in skin color except

keratin

What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

If a splinter penetrated the skin into the second epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged?

lucidum

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed

malignant melanoma

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

melanin

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

melanocytes

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen fibers and the protein elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin is the _________ layer.

papillary

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves closest to the surface of the skin (epidermis) is the _________layer.

papillary

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the

stratum basal

The layer of the epidermis that contains melanocytes is the

stratum basal

An epidermal layer found only in the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the

stratum lucidium

The primary function of perspiration (sweat) is to

cool the surface of the skin

When the arrector pili muscles contract

"goose bumps" are formed

Wilber was going to deep fry a turkey for Thanksgiving. Wilber did not realize that the turkey had to be completely thawed. When he put the turkey in to the hot oil it boiled over him. When the EMT personnel arrived they found the following. No pain or sensation on the front side of both arm and his chest abdomen (front torso) the hair pulled out without resistance. What type of burns does Wilber have and what percentage of his body is affected?

27% 3rd degree burns

Four signs useful for determining skin cancer of a suspicious mark on the skin follow the ABCDE mnemonic. Identify what each letter abbreviates

A is asymmetry. B is border. C is color, D is diameter. E is evolving.

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

Blood flow to the skin increases.

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated_______

By hormones especially androgens

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

Carotene

_____ are macrophages in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

Langerhan's cells

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin productions, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

_________ are coarse pigment hairs.

Terminal hairs

Cyanosis is indicated by

a reddish skin coloration

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

by using the "rule of nines"

What is the first threat to life from a massive third degree burn?

catastrophic fluid loss

stretch marks occur when

the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded.

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a

third degree burn

Charlie is badly burned in an accident. When he reaches the emergency room, the examining physician finds that Charlie has no sensatiion where he is burned and the doctor can remove entire hair follicles from charlies arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps. Charlie is suffering from a

third-degree burn

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

vitamin D