Anatomy Midterm (check description)

Why is ATP organized as a nucleic acid?

ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine.

Refer to figure 1.1. What cavity houses the stomach, liver, and other digestive organs?

Abdominopelvic (Label E)

Jerome plays football and recently broke a bone in the tarsal region. What is this region?

Ankle

Digestive system

Breaks down food for distribution by blood to the body's cells

The heart and blood vessels are is the primary organs of which system?

Cardiovascular

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the

Cell

The purpose of --------- is to produce two genetically identical cells.

Cell division

DNA replication takes place during ?

Interphase

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ?

Interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as:

Interphase

In which region is the stomach located? Refer to 1.2

Label A

Referring to figure 2.1, which letter represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure?

Label B

Which region is associated with the lower limbs? Refer to 1.2

Label B

Refer to figure 1.1. Which cavity houses the spinal cord?

Label B (Spinal)

Referring to figure 1.2, which region is the umbilical region?

Label C

Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer?

Label C

Referring to figure 1.2, which region is lateral to the umbilical region?

Label D

Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity

Label D (diaphragm)

The hypogastric (pubic) region is where? Refer to 1.2

Label E

Which region is situated inferior to the right lumbar region? Refer to 1.2

Label F

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which acid hydrolase enzymes is scape from leaky cellular organelles, causing pain and a burning sensation in joints. The leaky organelles from which these acid hydrolase enzymes escape are the _____.

Lysosomes

Muscular system

Maintains posture and produces heat

Refer to figure 2.1. E represents a new nucleic acid building block known as a ?

Nucleotide

Label F points to what cavity? Refer to figure 1.1.

Pelvic

Lymphatic system

Picks up fluid leaks from blood vessels and returns it to blood.

Popliteal

Posterior of knee

Urinary system

Regulates the acid-base balance of the blood

What is an example of the medial region?

The epigastric region

Describe the locational relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions.

The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region

What cavity houses the heart and lungs (and other organs) [Refer to figure 1.1]?

Thoracic Cavity (Label C)

Referring to figure 2.1, Letter D represents the structure of a(n)?

Triglyceride

Sudie works as an administrative assistant and has developed carpal tunnel syndrome. What part of her body is affected?

Wrist

Nucleotides are composed of ?

a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient is a type of ____ process

active

Proteins are synthesized from ________ during synthesis reactions.

amino acids

The building blocks of proteins are ?

amino acids

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?

anterior and ventral

Patellar

anterior of knee

Olecranal

back of elbow

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Mental

chin

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

Nucleotide of DNA contain three components which are ?

deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

digestive and endocrine systems

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

digestive and urinary

What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?

digestive and urinary

When correctly situated and anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

distal

Saturated fats _______

exist as solids at room temperature

The orbital cavities house the _______.

eyes

Looking into a microscope, you notice the cells swimming, propelled by long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

Frontal

forehead

Enzymes are examples of _________ proteins

globular (functional)

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?

glucose

Inguinal

groin

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the _________.

heart and blood vessels

The phospholipid tails are __________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

increased temperature

The hypogastric (pubic) region is ________ to the umbilical region.

inferior

Crural

leg

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ?

lysosome

The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

medial

The surgeon asked the surgical technician to help create an opening in the chest during open heart surgery along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) _______.

median (midsagittal) section

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the __________.

mediastinum

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones from the _________ system.

muscular

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head?

occipital

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ?

organelles

Compounds that contain carbon hydrogen bonding are collectively termed __________ compounds.

organic

The passive process that involves the movement of water through Aquaporins is....

osmosis

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?

phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head

Which of these body regions is located on the inferior body surface?

plantar

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates and pockets of skin called the blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation?

plasma membrane

Acrominal

point of shoulder

Glycogen and starch are examples of specific category of carbohydrates called ?

polysaccharides

Which region is associated with the lower limb?

popliteal

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is _______.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the _______

proteins

Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change?

receptor

Passive processes that move substances across membranes _______.

require no ATP

The majority of the liver and the gallbladder are situated in the _________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

right hypochondriac

The dorsal cavity houses the...?

spinal cord and brain

The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

superior

The femoral region is ________ to the crural region.

superior (proximal)

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________.

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

The growth of cells and repair of worn out tissues is accomplished by ?

synthesis reactions

Femoral

thigh

The nucleotides in DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with _____ while cytosine pairs with ________.

thymine, guanine

The diaphragm creates a ________ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities.

transverse (cross)

The two major body cavities are ________ and ________.

ventral and dorsal

Refer to figure 1.1. Label A points to which cavity?

Cranial (Houses the Brain)

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the...?

Cytoplasm

Identify the nucleic acid

DNA

The vertebral region is ________ to the sternal region.

Dorsal (posterior)

Integumentary system

Excretes urea and salt in perspiration

Endocrine system

Glands secrete hormones to regulate other structures

Which polysaccharide is formed of link to glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?

Glycogen

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus?

Golgi apparatus

Coxal

Hip

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as _______.

Homeostasis