Anatomy Study Chapter 1

Away from the midline of the body

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be ________.

Urinary bladder

A patient in the emergency department complains of pain in her right upper quadrant (RUQ). What organ is least likely to be the cause for her pain?

+

A patient previously had abdominal surgery and has a scar from a transverse (cross) section. Now, he'll have another surgery that requires a parasagittal section, which will intersect the transverse section. What will his scars look like when his surgical incision heals? Assume this patient is in anatomical position.

Median (midsagittal) section

A surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________.

Skull

A young child sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?

Label C

Identify the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs).

label B (spinal cavity)

Identify the cavity that houses the spinal cord.

Label E

Identify the cavity that houses the stomach, liver, and other digestive organs.

Label D

Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity.

True

In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect.

The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct?

abdominal

Label E points to the ____ cavity

pelvic

Label F points to the ____ cavity

Digestive; Urinary

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

Responsiveness (irritability)

The ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and swat it away is described as ________.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________.

Digital region

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the ________.

Muscular System

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system.

False

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.

medial

The spinal cord is best described as

Anatomy

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________.

Endocrine system

The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________.

True

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

Ventral; Dorsal

The two major internal body cavities are the ________ cavity and the ________ cavity.

Anterior

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans.

Ulnar/Radial Deviation

Waving your hand is an example of:

Water

What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the individual?

Digestive and urinary

What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?

Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

Receptor

What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop?

Distal

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

Effector

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?

Forward

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________.

Abdominopelvic

Which body cavity can be further subdivided into quadrants and regions?

Spinal cavity

Which body cavity subdivision is part of the dorsal cavity?

Anterior

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?

Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

Water

Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?

Organ system level

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?

Anterior and ventral

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?

Atoms

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

Nervous system - responsiveness

Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides?

Gluteal

Which of these body regions is located on the posterior body surface?

Pelvic Cavity

Which of these internal body cavities is the most inferior?

Occipital

Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head?

Integumentary system

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

Digestive and endocrine systems

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

Transverse (cross)

Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Effector

Blood calcium levels are maintained by a negative feedback homeostatic mechanism. When blood calcium levels rise beyond their set point, a hormone called calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels back to their set point. What role does the thyroid gland play in this mechanism?

Knee

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________.

Positive feedback

Milk production increases during breastfeeding when a newborn suckles from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism in which the stimulus pushes milk production farther from its original value best describes ________.

Cell

Smallest of all living things

True

Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Transverse

The diaphragm creates a ________ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions.

Spinal cord and brain

The dorsal body cavity houses the ________.

Cardiovascular

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ____ system.

Thoracic

The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity.

Supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________.

Bones, cartilages, and joints

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________.

Plantar Flexion

The motion of "pointing your toes" is called:

Supination

The motion of rotating your palms up is called:

Receptors and effectors

The nervous system consists of ________.

Eyes

The orbital cavities house the ________.

Thoracic

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity.

False

Transverse or cross sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Flase

True or False: Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood.

True

True or False: Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms.

True

True or False: The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems work together to ensure blood circulation to the body's cells is adequate.

False

True or False: The digestive system is often called the excretory system for its role in removing nitrogen-containing wastes from the body.

True

True or False: The stomach is an example of an organ; therefore, it is made of different types of tissues.