anatomy study questions, mastering a&p study questions & book questions
What basic tissue type is responsible for structural support of other tissues and also stores energy?
Connective
Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body?
Connective tissue
What are the different types of connective tissue?
Connective tissue can be divided into three main types: connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.
Many changes occur to tissue structure as a result of aging. These changes include all but which one? Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles. Epithelial tissues get thinner. Bone strength decreases. Cardiac muscle cells and neurons are lost and not replaced.
Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most connective tissues? Contain mostly cells Contain ground substance Contain fibers Contain mostly matrix
Contain mostly cells
Describe the anatomical position and hwy it is used.
- standing erect - feet parallel - arms hanging by sides - palms are facing forward - thumbs are facing outwards - used as a reference point for regional and directional terms
endochondral ossification steps:
1. Calcification of matrix surrounding chondrocytes 2. Cells from the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. 3.Formation of the primary ossification center 4.Osteoclasts break down the spongy bone to create marrow cavity. 5.Formation of the secondary ossification centers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage Provides sensation Forms glands Is avascular
Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage
The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
Hyaline
What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body?
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage
What is the first response to tissue injury?
Inflammation
The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes?
Inflammation and regeneration
The four steps of skin repair process:
Inflammatory response Formation of scab Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris Formation of scar tissue
What is the function of melanin?
It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.
What cell is activated during an injury to connective tissue that stimulates the inflammatory response?
Mast cell
What are the fibrocartilaginous pads that lie between the femoral and tibial surfaces in the knee joint called?
Menisci
The chemical reactions involved in the absorption, transport, and cellular use of oxygen constitute an example of which of the following functions of all living things?
Metabolism
What is an important difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes?
Mucous membranes are in contact with the outside environment and serous membranes are not.
Which of the basic tissues is specialized for contraction?
Muscle tissue
Which type of cell in nervous tissue has large cell body, dendrites, and an axon and can receive and conduct information?
Neuron
Giant cells that have 50 or more nuclei and secrete osteolytic enzymes are called which of the following?
Osteoclasts
Which of these describes the position of the hands in the anatomical position? - palms toward the body - palms toward the feet - palms toward the back - palms toward the front
Palms toward the front
Which of the following is visible when viewing the front of a human body in anatomical position? - occipital region - olecranal region - patellar region - popliteal region
Patellar region
The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses?
Redness, warmth, and swelling
What is the primary function of a serous membrane?
Reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome specifically affects collagen fibers. What other types of fibers in addition to collagen are found in connective tissue?
Reticular and elastic fibers are also found in connective tissues.
What is the structural classification of the sebaceous or oil glands in the skin?
Simple branched alveolar
Which type of epithelium makes up kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Which of the following epithelial tissues is a single layer of flat cells that function in absorption or diffusion? Simple squamous epithelium Transitional epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Which of the three muscle types has multiple nuclei?
Skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and contains large, multinucleated cells that can be up to 1 foot in length?
Skeletal
Which two muscle tissues are striated?
Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for producing body movement?
Skeletal muscle
Which type of muscle tissue has small cells that are tapered on both ends, fat in the middle, and uninucleate?
Smooth muscle
Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) recieves signals from other cells and is also main metabolic region of the neuron?
Soma
What is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?
Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.
What is the term given to an epithelial tissue with several layers of cells?
Stratified
The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Identify the order of layers that a piece of glass would puncture as it passes through the skin on the palm of the hand.
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermal papillae
In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered __________.
Striated voluntary muscle
Considering the different layers of fascia, what is the proper order of these layers going from the outside of the body inward?
Superficial, deep, subserous
What is meant by the term dense regular connective tissue?
This tissue has collagen fibers packed tightly together and aligned parallel to each other.
A group of cells working together to perform a particular function is called a(n) __________.
Tissue
What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue?
To transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential
True or false, Epithelial cells are not capable of division.
True
True or false, Epithelial tissue acts as an external cover and internal lining of organs.
True
Which serous membrane covers the outside of each lung?
Visceral pleura
The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.
apocrine
Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm?
apocrine
Milk production in the breasts occurs through __________.
apocrine secretion
An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.
appositional
Cuboidal epithelial cells __________.
are box-shaped, and their nuclei are near the center of each cell
What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?
areolar connective tissue
Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue fibers that __________.
attach skeletal muscles to bones
Which of these carries information from the neural cell body to the next cell?
axons
Considering that humans begin as a single cell, what term describes the changes that have to occur for the many cell types found in tissues to form? a. cytokinesis b. differentiation c. fertilization d. metastasis e. translation
b. differentiation
The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue. a. muscle b. epithelial c. contractive d. nervous e. connective
b. epithelial
What is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
while observing bone tissue, you notice that osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity. What are you observing?
bone growth
Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the
brain and spinal cord
All of the following statements are TRUE of epithelial tissue EXCEPT: a. Epithelial tissues do not contain blood vessels. b. Epithelial cells are not capable of division. c. Glandular cells are epithelial cells. d. Epithelial tissue acts as an external cover and internal lining of organs.
c. Glandular cells are epithelial cells.
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can increase melanocyte activity
Channels within bone, involved with cell-to-cell communication, are called
canaliculi
As you age, two important effects on tissues occur: 1) the body's ability to repair damage to tissue decreases and 2) ______________________________.
cancer is more likely to occur
Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through?
capillaries
Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue? capsule aponeurosis tendon ligament
capsule
Which types of muscle cells do not require neural activity to trigger a contraction?
cardiac and smooth muscle cells
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.
cardiac muscle
Which muscle type is also known as striated involuntary muscle?
cardiac muscle
Which of these is distal to the antebrachial region? - antecubital region - carpal region - coxal region - tarsal region
carpal region
Neural tissue is specialized to __________.
carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
Chondroitin surface is abundant in the matrix of
cartilage
Supporting connective tissues found in the body are __________.
cartilage and bone
To celebrate her 50th birthday, Anna got her ear pierced in the elastic cartilage portion (pinna). The piercing specialist informed her that it will take at least 6 weeks to heal. This is because __________.
cartilage is avascular, so healing takes longer
The "cornerstone" of human physiology is which of the following?
cell physiology
What is the smallest living unit in the body?
cells
The majority of cancers are caused by
chemical exposure or other environmental factors.
During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the LEAST likely in the region of the injury? increase in blood flow swelling increase in histamine increase in basophils cold, pale skin
cold, pale skin
Identify the connective tissue fiber at the end of the arrow that resists pulling and stretching forces in one direction.
collagen
The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is
collagen
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
The fourth step of fracture repair is
compact bone formation.
Which type of compound gland, shown at the end of the arrow, is found in salivary glands?
compound tubuloalveolar
Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that __________.
connect one bone to another bone
Blood is which type of tissue?
connective
Epithelial tissue is always attached to which other major tissue type
connective tissue
The function of the arrector pili is
contraction
Which of the following membranes is the skin? cutaneous membrane synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane
cutaneous membrane
Inflammation, in response to an injury or infection, protects the body in a number of ways. These protective mechanisms include all of the following except __________. deceased mast cell activity increased phagocytosis increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients removal of toxins and wastes
deceased mast cell activity
The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the __________.
deep fascia
During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes __________.
deflate like collapsing balloons
Which structure typically receives information from other neurons?
dendrite
Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by
desmosomes
Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called
desmosomes
In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
desmosomes
During endochondral ossification, bone formation first occurs at the ___________
diaphysis (shaft) surface
Considering that humans begin as a single cell, what term describes the changes that have to occur for the many cell types found in tissues to form?
differentiation
Mucous membranes are found primarily in which of the following systems?
digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary
When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? - deep - medial - distal - proximal - superior
distal
Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues? a. lipid molecules b. carbohydrates c. blood vessels d. cells e. extracellular matrix
e. extracellular matrix
Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers? a. hyaline cartilage b. elastic cartilage c. transitional cartilage d. reticular cartilage e. fibrocartilage
e. fibrocartilage
Simple squamous epithelium would be found a. lining blood vessels. b. lining the trachea. c. lining the urinary bladder. d. at the surface of the skin. e. lining the stomach and small intestine
e. lining the stomach and small intestine
The auricle or outer ear contains
elastic cartilage
Most bones of the skeleton are formed through ___________.
endochondral ossification
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are _________ glands.
endocrine
The pituitary gland is a component of which system?
endocrine system
The skeletal system is largely under the physiological control of the ____________.
endocrine system
During the final step of endochondral ossification, the centers of the ___________ begin to calcify, forming ___________ ossification centers.
epiphyses; secondary
The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue.
epithelial
The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue.
epithelial
Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities?
epithelial
What are the four main tissue types found in the human body?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of
epithelium
what type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood
erythrocyte
Exfoliative cytology involves the removal of epithelial cells for examination. Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of exfoliative cytology?
examination of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack
The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes
exfoliative cytology
Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________.
exocrine or endocrine secretions
An example of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium would be
exposed skin
What accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues?
extracellular matrix
A small flat articular surface on a bone is termed a __________.
facet
True or false: Apocrine secretion: milk
false
Recall that a synovial membrane lines the cavity of a freely movable joint (as you in saw Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). The synovial fluid it secretes lubricates the joint and permits smooth movement. What kind of cells secrete the synovial fluid?
fibroblasts
The viscous component of connective tissue matrix is called
ground substance
Because epithelial tissues have a free edge, they must be anchored to the underlying basement membrane to prevent them from detaching. The junction that prevents this detachment is a(n) __________.
hemidesmosome
What is the term for the study of tissues?
histology
Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands
holocrine
Recall that exocrine glands secrete their products onto an epithelial surface (as you saw in Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). These secretions reach the surface either directly (mucous cells) or through tubular ducts that open onto the surface of the skin, or onto an epithelium lining, an internal passageway that connects to the exterior. Exocrine glands can be classified according to their mode of secretion, or type of secretion. Which type of exocrine secretion is characterized by the entire cell becoming packed with secretory vesicles and then bursting, releasing the secretion but killing the cell?
holocrine
The type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces and forms part of the nasal septum is __________.
hyaline cartilage
Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?
hyaline cartilage
Which of the following contains large quantities of adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerve cells, but does not contain any vital organs?: reticular layer epidermis dermis hypodermis
hypodermis
The body's first tissue response to any injury is
inflammation
Mast cells, in the process of stimulating an inflammatory response, secrete all EXCEPT which of the following? interleukin-1 histamine heparin prostaglandins
interleukin-1
The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat
is highly vascular
In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane __________.
is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry
Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or
leukocytes
The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as to change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscle.
leverage
Simple squamous epithelium would be found
lining blood vessels.
Transitional epithelium is found
lining the urinary bladder
The flat bones of the skull, the ______, and the ________ form through intramembranous ossification. The rest of the bones form through endochondrial ossification.
lower jaw (mandible), collarbones (clavicles)
Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called
lymph
Which tissue is correctly paired with its category of connective tissue?
lymph fluid connective tissue
The return of excess tissue fluid to the blood is a primary function of the ____________.
lymphatic system
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
macrophages
a primary function of the skeletal system is
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.
In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine to stimulate inflammation.
mast
The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as
matrix
Which type of gland would release its secretion through exocytosis with no harm to the glandular cell itself?
merocrine
Which cell, at the end of the arrow, is present in many connective tissues and can differentiate into different types of cells?
mesenchymal
Cells in the digestive tract have to transport digested materials across the plasma membranes of their apical surfaces. What structure would help increase the ability of these cells to transport digested nutrients?
microvilli
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.
microvilli
Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?
mucous
Wharton's jelly is a form of
mucous connective tissue
Which of the following membranes lines passageways and chambers, such as the digestive and respiratory tracts, that communicate with the body's exterior? mucous membrane synovial membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane
mucous membrane
The supporting cells of neural tissue are known as ____________.
neuroglia
What cells provide physical support for neural tissue, maintain the chemical composition of the neural tissue fluids, supply nutrients to neural cells, and defend the tissue from infection?
neuroglia
The body's longest cells are
neurons
The function _______ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another.
neurons
Which types of cells are most sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentrations?
neurons and muscle cells
An organ system is to an organism as a tissue is to a(n) _________.
organ
Which of the levels of organization consists of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions?
organ level
The bone cells that contribute to increases in calcium in blood are the
osteoclasts.
What is the name for bone cells found in the osseous tissue?
osteocytes
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.
parathyroid hormone; calcitriol
The fibers of tendons and ligaments intermingle with those of the ___________.
periosteum
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum
The watery fluid component of blood is called
plasma
Antibodies are produced by
plasma cells
What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?
plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph
The serous membrane covering the lungs is the
pleura
Which of these terms refers to a body area found on the dorsal surface? - patellar - popliteal - deltoid - antecubital
popliteal
A marked loss in strength and elasticity of connective tissue characterizes Marfan's syndrome. Which connective tissue component imparts strength and elasticity?
proteinaceous connective tissue fibers
An extension of bone making an angle with the rest of the structure is called a __________.
ramus
The process in which damaged tissues are replaced or repaired so that normal function is restored is called __________.
regeneration
The second phase during the response to tissue injury is ___________.
regeneration
The internal framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.
reticular tissue
In what quadrant is the gall bladder located?
right-upper
Gland cells produce
secretions
The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of __________.
serous membranes
The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
serous membranes
What tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands?
simple cuboidal
The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as
simple squamous
The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion? simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
The bony skeleton begins to form about ____ after fertilization.
six weeks
Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle.
skeletal
Which organ system has the function of providing support, protecting tissues, storeing minerals, and forming blood cells?
skeletal
Cells of which muscle type are called fibers and contain clear striations?
skeletal muscle
Voluntary movements are carried out by the contraction of
skeletal muscle
Which muscle type is described as striated voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
Production of blood cells is a function of the ___________.
skeletal system
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is _______ muscle.
smooth
Which muscle type is described as nonstriated involuntary muscle.
smooth muscle
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and in the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?
smooth muscle
The muscle found in the walls of most hollow organs of the body is
smooth muscle.
The study of heart function is an example of which of the scientific fields?
special physiology
The third step of fracture repair is
spongy bone formation.
A type of junction between cells that provides a strong connection that resists stretching and twisting is a __________.
spot desmosome
Classifications of epithelial cells according to their shape include __________.
squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the
stratum granulosum.
The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the
superficial fascia
Which of the following is a layer of areolar tissue and fat that separates the skin from the underlying tissues and organs and is also known as the hypodermis?
superficial fascia
Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance, with a wide variety of cell types. This tissue would most likely have come from the
superficial fascia between skin and muscle
Respiratory physiology is an example of ____________.
systemic physiology
Which of these body parts is distal to the crural region? - acromial region - carpal region - gluteal region - tarsal region
tarsal region
What is the cause of the striated appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle?
the repeating arrangement of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin
What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?
thoracic
The __________ stops materials from moving between cells across an epithelium.
tight junction
A group of similar cells living together and performing specific functions is a(n) __________.
tissue
You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
trachea
What type of epithelial tissue is specialized to stretch repeatedly without damage?
transitional epithelium
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
A large, rough projection on a bone is called a ___________
trochanter
True or false, Apocrine secretion: hormones
true
True or false: Holocrine secretion: skin oil
true
True or false: Merocrine secretion: mucus
true
True or false, Epithelial tissues do not contain blood vessels.
true, avascular
Which organ system eliminates waste products from the blood?
urinary system
A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is
whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not
Which formed element of the blood contains a nucleus?
white blood cells
Your doctor suggests that you increase your calcium intake to maintain your healthy bones. You do not understand why the doctor suggested this since you are a healthy 32-year-old. What was the doctor's reasoning?
you are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life.
Where is the tissue level of organization?
Between cells and organs
Death usually occurs when the calcium concentration in body fluids is reduced by what percentage?
50%
Which of the following is the best definition of inflammation? Answer A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues Pulling on the bones of the skeleton The stimulation of macrophages to defend injured tissue The secretion of histamine to increase blood flow to the injured area
A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues
In even small fractures, what structure forms and closes off injured blood vessels?
A fracture hematoma (blood clot)
________ is a loose connective tissue, ________ is a fluid connective tissue, and ________ is a supporting connective tissue.
Adipose; blood; bone
What is the purpose of the fasciae in the body?
All of the listed responses are correct
Anne Marie has a condition called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that affects the connective tissue found in her joints and skin. What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
All types of connective tissue have specialized cells embedded in a matrix composed of extracellular fibers and ground substance.
What statement about tissues is correct?
An organ combines several different tissues
Which loose connective tissue forms a superficial layer between the skin and deeper structures and helps to loosely attach the skin to those deeper structures?
Areolar tissue
Which part of the neuron can send information to other cells?
Axon
Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?
Basal
Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? Blood Elastic tissue Areolar tissue Adipose tissue
Blood
What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body?
Blood and lymph
Which statement is NOT true? Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life. The matrix of cartilage is flexible and the matrix of bone is rigid. Cartilage has no blood vessels running through it, whereas bone does. The matrices of both cartilage and bone have collagen fibers but bone also has calcium salts in the matrix.
Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life.
What substance accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone?
Calcium phosphate
What is the second step of fracture repair?
Callus formation
Which of the following increase with age? Cancer rates Repair and maintenance activities Tissue health and thickness Bone density
Cancer rates
Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?
Cardiac
Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and has cells joined at intercalated discs?
Cardiac
Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ______ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.
Chondrocytes
What is the only type of cell found in cartilage matrix?
Chondrocytes
Which of the following is not a function of neuroglia cells? Conducting electrical impulses to other cells Providing nutrients to neurons Performing phagocytosis Maintaining the physical structure of nervous tissue
Conducting electrical impulses to other cells
Which type of tissue is composed of dense irregular connective tissue arranged in multiple layers in which the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions? All the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions.
Deep fascia
Which part of the neuron is the receptive part of the cell?
Dendrite
During growth, individual cells become specialized to perform particular functions. This is called ____________.
Differentiation
Which type of cartilage is designed as a support but tolerates distortion and is found in the auricle, or external ear?
Elastic cartilage
What are the structures that are responsible for the stretching of the skin during pregnancy.
Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis
What structure lines the marrow cavity and other inner surfaces of bones?
Endosteum
Which of the four basic tissue types form coverings or linings of organs?
Epithelial tissue
Which of the following characteristics is not true of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material. Epithelial tissues are avascular. The basal surface of all epithelial tissues is bound to a basement membrane. Epithelial tissues have an exposed surface.
Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material.
In exfoliative cytology, epithelial cells are removed and examined without any lasting damage to the tissue from which these cells are removed. Why is there usually NO lasting damage?
Epithelial tissue is capable of regeneration.
Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs. Epithelia provide physical protection. Epithelia control permeability. Epithelia produce specialized secretions.
Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs.
T or F : In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.
False
True or false: Glandular cells are epithelial cells.
False
Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, more than just Anne Marie's joints and skin could be affected by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. What is fascia and where is it found?
Fasciae are layers of connective tissue that surround and support organs.
It has been shown that as a person ages, the amount of collagen in the skin decreases and becomes more disorganized. Of the choices below, which is the best explanation for why this happens?
Fibroblasts become less active as we age.
Several complex joints, including the knee, contain both hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. What is the difference between these two kinds of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage has a denser network of collagen fibers and very little ground substance in the matrix as compared to hyaline cartilage.
The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called __________.
Fibrosis
Referring to muscle tissue, what does the term involuntary mean?
The body does not consciously cause the contraction of involuntary muscle.
A patient goes to his doctor because he has noticed a pain and a rubbing sound when he breathes. The patient has also noticed that his abdomen has gotten bigger, but he eats a healthy diet. What is most likely the cause of the patient's condition?
The serous membranes are inflamed and scratching against one another, resulting gin pleurisy.
Which of the following is NOT a property of neuroglia?
They conduct electrical impulses.
Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
They have a layered appearance even though all the cells contact the basal lamina.
Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be __________. a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei capable of division, unlike smooth muscle cells devoid of striations and spindle-shaped with a single nucleus subject to the activity of pacemaker cells, which establish contraction rate
a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei
inflammation is
a process that clears damaged cells and dangerous microorganisms from an injury
Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by a. desmosomes b. intermediate junctions c. tight junctions d. junctional complexes e. gap junctions
a. desmosomes
Cells in the digestive tract have to transport digested materials across the plasma membranes of their apical surfaces. What structure would help increase the ability of these cells to transport digested nutrients? a. microvilli b. desmosomes c. cilia d. basement membrane e. tight junctions
a. microvilli Microvilli increase the surface area on the apical surface of an epithelial cell. Having more surface area allows more membrane for transporting materials into or out of a cell.
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands? a. simple cuboidal b. transitional epithelium c. pseudostratified columnar epithelium d. simple squamous e. stratified squamous
a. simple cuboidal
A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is: a. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not. b. the density of collagen fibers in the cavity wall. c. whether the membrane is thick or thin. d. whether the tissue is epithelial or connective. e. the amount of blood vessels lining the cavity wall.
a. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not.
Which of the following cavities is not associated with the urinary bladder? - pelvic cavity - abdominopelvic cavity - abdominal cavity - ventral body cavity
abdominal cavity
The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is
absorption and secretion
The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of __________.
absorption and secretion
Cells that store fat are called
adipocytes
An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the basal surface.
apical
Which cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers?
fibrocartilage
What is the permanent replacement of normal tissues with fibrous connective tissue called?
fibrosis
When Rachel was 10, she had a mini-bike accident resulting in severe road rash on her right calf. This injury eventually healed, but resulted in permanent __________.
fibrous
Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements is called ___________.
flexion
You are observing a type of connective tissue that contains a variety of cells in a watery matrix. Based on these observations, what category of connective tissue are you looking at?
fluid connective tissue
A rounded passageway in bone for the passage of blood vessels or nerves is called a __________.
foramen (eyebrow)
The first step of fracture repair is:
fracture hematoma formation.
Which of these planes would show the heart, lungs, and liver in the same section? - horizontal plane - median plane - frontal plane - sagittal plane
frontal plane
A type of junction between cells that allows the passage of small molecules and ions from cell to cell is a __________.
gap junction
The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the
gap junction
what junction is required for cell-to-cell communication?
gap junction
