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What basic tissue type is responsible for structural support of other tissues and also stores energy?

Connective

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces and provides structural support and a framework for communication within the body?

Connective tissue

What are the different types of connective tissue?

Connective tissue can be divided into three main types: connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.

Many changes occur to tissue structure as a result of aging. These changes include all but which one? Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles. Epithelial tissues get thinner. Bone strength decreases. Cardiac muscle cells and neurons are lost and not replaced.

Connective tissue production increases, causing wrinkles.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of most connective tissues? Contain mostly cells Contain ground substance Contain fibers Contain mostly matrix

Contain mostly cells

Describe the anatomical position and hwy it is used.

- standing erect - feet parallel - arms hanging by sides - palms are facing forward - thumbs are facing outwards - used as a reference point for regional and directional terms

endochondral ossification steps:

1. Calcification of matrix surrounding chondrocytes 2. Cells from the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts. 3.Formation of the primary ossification center 4.Osteoclasts break down the spongy bone to create marrow cavity. 5.Formation of the secondary ossification centers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage Provides sensation Forms glands Is avascular

Contains a matrix consisting of hyaline cartilage

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.

Hyaline

What are the three major types of cartilage found in the body?

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage

What is the first response to tissue injury?

Inflammation

The restoration of homeostasis after an injury involves which two related processes?

Inflammation and regeneration

The four steps of skin repair process:

Inflammatory response Formation of scab Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris Formation of scar tissue

What is the function of melanin?

It protects DNA from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation.

What cell is activated during an injury to connective tissue that stimulates the inflammatory response?

Mast cell

What are the fibrocartilaginous pads that lie between the femoral and tibial surfaces in the knee joint called?

Menisci

The chemical reactions involved in the absorption, transport, and cellular use of oxygen constitute an example of which of the following functions of all living things?

Metabolism

What is an important difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes?

Mucous membranes are in contact with the outside environment and serous membranes are not.

Which of the basic tissues is specialized for contraction?

Muscle tissue

Which type of cell in nervous tissue has large cell body, dendrites, and an axon and can receive and conduct information?

Neuron

Giant cells that have 50 or more nuclei and secrete osteolytic enzymes are called which of the following?

Osteoclasts

Which of these describes the position of the hands in the anatomical position? - palms toward the body - palms toward the feet - palms toward the back - palms toward the front

Palms toward the front

Which of the following is visible when viewing the front of a human body in anatomical position? - occipital region - olecranal region - patellar region - popliteal region

Patellar region

The release of histamine by mast cells at an injury site produces which of the following responses?

Redness, warmth, and swelling

What is the primary function of a serous membrane?

Reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome specifically affects collagen fibers. What other types of fibers in addition to collagen are found in connective tissue?

Reticular and elastic fibers are also found in connective tissues.

What is the structural classification of the sebaceous or oil glands in the skin?

Simple branched alveolar

Which type of epithelium makes up kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissues is a single layer of flat cells that function in absorption or diffusion? Simple squamous epithelium Transitional epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the three muscle types has multiple nuclei?

Skeletal

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and contains large, multinucleated cells that can be up to 1 foot in length?

Skeletal

Which two muscle tissues are striated?

Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for producing body movement?

Skeletal muscle

Which type of muscle tissue has small cells that are tapered on both ends, fat in the middle, and uninucleate?

Smooth muscle

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) recieves signals from other cells and is also main metabolic region of the neuron?

Soma

What is the most logical reason for an elderly person's higher potential to be prone to skin infections, compared to a younger person?

Stem cell activity in the epidermis declines in the elderly.

What is the term given to an epithelial tissue with several layers of cells?

Stratified

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Identify the order of layers that a piece of glass would puncture as it passes through the skin on the palm of the hand.

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, dermal papillae

In regard to its structural and functional properties, skeletal muscle tissue can be considered __________.

Striated voluntary muscle

Considering the different layers of fascia, what is the proper order of these layers going from the outside of the body inward?

Superficial, deep, subserous

What is meant by the term dense regular connective tissue?

This tissue has collagen fibers packed tightly together and aligned parallel to each other.

A group of cells working together to perform a particular function is called a(n) __________.

Tissue

What is the major function of neurons in neural tissue?

To transmit signals that take the form of changes in the transmembrane potential

True or false, Epithelial cells are not capable of division.

True

True or false, Epithelial tissue acts as an external cover and internal lining of organs.

True

Which serous membrane covers the outside of each lung?

Visceral pleura

The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.

apocrine

Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm?

apocrine

Milk production in the breasts occurs through __________.

apocrine secretion

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.

appositional

Cuboidal epithelial cells __________.

are box-shaped, and their nuclei are near the center of each cell

What is the composition of the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar connective tissue

Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue fibers that __________.

attach skeletal muscles to bones

Which of these carries information from the neural cell body to the next cell?

axons

Considering that humans begin as a single cell, what term describes the changes that have to occur for the many cell types found in tissues to form? a. cytokinesis b. differentiation c. fertilization d. metastasis e. translation

b. differentiation

The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue. a. muscle b. epithelial c. contractive d. nervous e. connective

b. epithelial

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

while observing bone tissue, you notice that osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity. What are you observing?

bone growth

Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the

brain and spinal cord

All of the following statements are TRUE of epithelial tissue EXCEPT: a. Epithelial tissues do not contain blood vessels. b. Epithelial cells are not capable of division. c. Glandular cells are epithelial cells. d. Epithelial tissue acts as an external cover and internal lining of organs.

c. Glandular cells are epithelial cells.

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light

can increase melanocyte activity

Channels within bone, involved with cell-to-cell communication, are called

canaliculi

As you age, two important effects on tissues occur: 1) the body's ability to repair damage to tissue decreases and 2) ______________________________.

cancer is more likely to occur

Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through?

capillaries

Which of the following is an example of dense irregular connective tissue? capsule aponeurosis tendon ligament

capsule

Which types of muscle cells do not require neural activity to trigger a contraction?

cardiac and smooth muscle cells

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.

cardiac muscle

Which muscle type is also known as striated involuntary muscle?

cardiac muscle

Which of these is distal to the antebrachial region? - antecubital region - carpal region - coxal region - tarsal region

carpal region

Neural tissue is specialized to __________.

carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Chondroitin surface is abundant in the matrix of

cartilage

Supporting connective tissues found in the body are __________.

cartilage and bone

To celebrate her 50th birthday, Anna got her ear pierced in the elastic cartilage portion (pinna). The piercing specialist informed her that it will take at least 6 weeks to heal. This is because __________.

cartilage is avascular, so healing takes longer

The "cornerstone" of human physiology is which of the following?

cell physiology

What is the smallest living unit in the body?

cells

The majority of cancers are caused by

chemical exposure or other environmental factors.

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the LEAST likely in the region of the injury? increase in blood flow swelling increase in histamine increase in basophils cold, pale skin

cold, pale skin

Identify the connective tissue fiber at the end of the arrow that resists pulling and stretching forces in one direction.

collagen

The dominant type of extracellular protein fiber in dense connective tissue is

collagen

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic

The fourth step of fracture repair is

compact bone formation.

Which type of compound gland, shown at the end of the arrow, is found in salivary glands?

compound tubuloalveolar

Ligaments are bundles of elastic and collagen fibers that __________.

connect one bone to another bone

Blood is which type of tissue?

connective

Epithelial tissue is always attached to which other major tissue type

connective tissue

The function of the arrector pili is

contraction

Which of the following membranes is the skin? cutaneous membrane synovial membrane serous membrane mucous membrane

cutaneous membrane

Inflammation, in response to an injury or infection, protects the body in a number of ways. These protective mechanisms include all of the following except __________. deceased mast cell activity increased phagocytosis increased delivery of oxygen and nutrients removal of toxins and wastes

deceased mast cell activity

The capsules that surround most organs, such as the kidneys and the organs in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, are components of the __________.

deep fascia

During a weight-loss program, when nutrients are scarce, adipocytes __________.

deflate like collapsing balloons

Which structure typically receives information from other neurons?

dendrite

Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by

desmosomes

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called

desmosomes

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

desmosomes

During endochondral ossification, bone formation first occurs at the ___________

diaphysis (shaft) surface

Considering that humans begin as a single cell, what term describes the changes that have to occur for the many cell types found in tissues to form?

differentiation

Mucous membranes are found primarily in which of the following systems?

digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? - deep - medial - distal - proximal - superior

distal

Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues? a. lipid molecules b. carbohydrates c. blood vessels d. cells e. extracellular matrix

e. extracellular matrix

Which of the following cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers? a. hyaline cartilage b. elastic cartilage c. transitional cartilage d. reticular cartilage e. fibrocartilage

e. fibrocartilage

Simple squamous epithelium would be found a. lining blood vessels. b. lining the trachea. c. lining the urinary bladder. d. at the surface of the skin. e. lining the stomach and small intestine

e. lining the stomach and small intestine

The auricle or outer ear contains

elastic cartilage

Most bones of the skeleton are formed through ___________.

endochondral ossification

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are _________ glands.

endocrine

The pituitary gland is a component of which system?

endocrine system

The skeletal system is largely under the physiological control of the ____________.

endocrine system

During the final step of endochondral ossification, the centers of the ___________ begin to calcify, forming ___________ ossification centers.

epiphyses; secondary

The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue.

epithelial

The tissue type in the body that lines internal passageways is ________ tissue.

epithelial

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways and body cavities?

epithelial

What are the four main tissue types found in the human body?

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of

epithelium

what type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood

erythrocyte

Exfoliative cytology involves the removal of epithelial cells for examination. Which of the following is NOT a clinical application of exfoliative cytology?

examination of cardiac muscle cells after a heart attack

The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes

exfoliative cytology

Glandular epithelia contain cells that produce __________.

exocrine or endocrine secretions

An example of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium would be

exposed skin

What accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues?

extracellular matrix

A small flat articular surface on a bone is termed a __________.

facet

True or false: Apocrine secretion: milk

false

Recall that a synovial membrane lines the cavity of a freely movable joint (as you in saw Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). The synovial fluid it secretes lubricates the joint and permits smooth movement. What kind of cells secrete the synovial fluid?

fibroblasts

The viscous component of connective tissue matrix is called

ground substance

Because epithelial tissues have a free edge, they must be anchored to the underlying basement membrane to prevent them from detaching. The junction that prevents this detachment is a(n) __________.

hemidesmosome

What is the term for the study of tissues?

histology

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands

holocrine

Recall that exocrine glands secrete their products onto an epithelial surface (as you saw in Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). These secretions reach the surface either directly (mucous cells) or through tubular ducts that open onto the surface of the skin, or onto an epithelium lining, an internal passageway that connects to the exterior. Exocrine glands can be classified according to their mode of secretion, or type of secretion. Which type of exocrine secretion is characterized by the entire cell becoming packed with secretory vesicles and then bursting, releasing the secretion but killing the cell?

holocrine

The type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces and forms part of the nasal septum is __________.

hyaline cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following contains large quantities of adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerve cells, but does not contain any vital organs?: reticular layer epidermis dermis hypodermis

hypodermis

The body's first tissue response to any injury is

inflammation

Mast cells, in the process of stimulating an inflammatory response, secrete all EXCEPT which of the following? interleukin-1 histamine heparin prostaglandins

interleukin-1

The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat

is highly vascular

In contrast to serous or mucous membranes, the cutaneous membrane __________.

is thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry

Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or

leukocytes

The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as to change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscle.

leverage

Simple squamous epithelium would be found

lining blood vessels.

Transitional epithelium is found

lining the urinary bladder

The flat bones of the skull, the ______, and the ________ form through intramembranous ossification. The rest of the bones form through endochondrial ossification.

lower jaw (mandible), collarbones (clavicles)

Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called

lymph

Which tissue is correctly paired with its category of connective tissue?

lymph fluid connective tissue

The return of excess tissue fluid to the blood is a primary function of the ____________.

lymphatic system

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

macrophages

a primary function of the skeletal system is

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.

In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine to stimulate inflammation.

mast

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as

matrix

Which type of gland would release its secretion through exocytosis with no harm to the glandular cell itself?

merocrine

Which cell, at the end of the arrow, is present in many connective tissues and can differentiate into different types of cells?

mesenchymal

Cells in the digestive tract have to transport digested materials across the plasma membranes of their apical surfaces. What structure would help increase the ability of these cells to transport digested nutrients?

microvilli

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.

microvilli

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

mucous

Wharton's jelly is a form of

mucous connective tissue

Which of the following membranes lines passageways and chambers, such as the digestive and respiratory tracts, that communicate with the body's exterior? mucous membrane synovial membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane

mucous membrane

The supporting cells of neural tissue are known as ____________.

neuroglia

What cells provide physical support for neural tissue, maintain the chemical composition of the neural tissue fluids, supply nutrients to neural cells, and defend the tissue from infection?

neuroglia

The body's longest cells are

neurons

The function _______ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another.

neurons

Which types of cells are most sensitive to changes in calcium ion concentrations?

neurons and muscle cells

An organ system is to an organism as a tissue is to a(n) _________.

organ

Which of the levels of organization consists of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions?

organ level

The bone cells that contribute to increases in calcium in blood are the

osteoclasts.

What is the name for bone cells found in the osseous tissue?

osteocytes

Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.

parathyroid hormone; calcitriol

The fibers of tendons and ligaments intermingle with those of the ___________.

periosteum

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum

The watery fluid component of blood is called

plasma

Antibodies are produced by

plasma cells

What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?

plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph

The serous membrane covering the lungs is the

pleura

Which of these terms refers to a body area found on the dorsal surface? - patellar - popliteal - deltoid - antecubital

popliteal

A marked loss in strength and elasticity of connective tissue characterizes Marfan's syndrome. Which connective tissue component imparts strength and elasticity?

proteinaceous connective tissue fibers

An extension of bone making an angle with the rest of the structure is called a __________.

ramus

The process in which damaged tissues are replaced or repaired so that normal function is restored is called __________.

regeneration

The second phase during the response to tissue injury is ___________.

regeneration

The internal framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

reticular tissue

In what quadrant is the gall bladder located?

right-upper

Gland cells produce

secretions

The pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium are examples of __________.

serous membranes

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

serous membranes

What tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands?

simple cuboidal

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

simple squamous

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is the most delicate epithelium, which allows for absorption and diffusion? simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

The bony skeleton begins to form about ____ after fertilization.

six weeks

Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle.

skeletal

Which organ system has the function of providing support, protecting tissues, storeing minerals, and forming blood cells?

skeletal

Cells of which muscle type are called fibers and contain clear striations?

skeletal muscle

Voluntary movements are carried out by the contraction of

skeletal muscle

Which muscle type is described as striated voluntary muscle

skeletal muscle

Production of blood cells is a function of the ___________.

skeletal system

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is _______ muscle.

smooth

Which muscle type is described as nonstriated involuntary muscle.

smooth muscle

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and in the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs?

smooth muscle

The muscle found in the walls of most hollow organs of the body is

smooth muscle.

The study of heart function is an example of which of the scientific fields?

special physiology

The third step of fracture repair is

spongy bone formation.

A type of junction between cells that provides a strong connection that resists stretching and twisting is a __________.

spot desmosome

Classifications of epithelial cells according to their shape include __________.

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

The epidermal layer whose cells have stopped dividing and started to produce large amounts of keratin is the

stratum granulosum.

The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the

superficial fascia

Which of the following is a layer of areolar tissue and fat that separates the skin from the underlying tissues and organs and is also known as the hypodermis?

superficial fascia

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance, with a wide variety of cell types. This tissue would most likely have come from the

superficial fascia between skin and muscle

Respiratory physiology is an example of ____________.

systemic physiology

Which of these body parts is distal to the crural region? - acromial region - carpal region - gluteal region - tarsal region

tarsal region

What is the cause of the striated appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle?

the repeating arrangement of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?

thoracic

The __________ stops materials from moving between cells across an epithelium.

tight junction

A group of similar cells living together and performing specific functions is a(n) __________.

tissue

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

trachea

What type of epithelial tissue is specialized to stretch repeatedly without damage?

transitional epithelium

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the urinary bladder?

transitional epithelium

A large, rough projection on a bone is called a ___________

trochanter

True or false, Apocrine secretion: hormones

true

True or false: Holocrine secretion: skin oil

true

True or false: Merocrine secretion: mucus

true

True or false, Epithelial tissues do not contain blood vessels.

true, avascular

Which organ system eliminates waste products from the blood?

urinary system

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is

whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not

Which formed element of the blood contains a nucleus?

white blood cells

Your doctor suggests that you increase your calcium intake to maintain your healthy bones. You do not understand why the doctor suggested this since you are a healthy 32-year-old. What was the doctor's reasoning?

you are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life.

Where is the tissue level of organization?

Between cells and organs

Death usually occurs when the calcium concentration in body fluids is reduced by what percentage?

50%

Which of the following is the best definition of inflammation? Answer A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues Pulling on the bones of the skeleton The stimulation of macrophages to defend injured tissue The secretion of histamine to increase blood flow to the injured area

A defense that involves the coordinated activities of several tissues

In even small fractures, what structure forms and closes off injured blood vessels?

A fracture hematoma (blood clot)

________ is a loose connective tissue, ________ is a fluid connective tissue, and ________ is a supporting connective tissue.

Adipose; blood; bone

What is the purpose of the fasciae in the body?

All of the listed responses are correct

Anne Marie has a condition called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that affects the connective tissue found in her joints and skin. What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

All types of connective tissue have specialized cells embedded in a matrix composed of extracellular fibers and ground substance.

What statement about tissues is correct?

An organ combines several different tissues

Which loose connective tissue forms a superficial layer between the skin and deeper structures and helps to loosely attach the skin to those deeper structures?

Areolar tissue

Which part of the neuron can send information to other cells?

Axon

Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?

Basal

Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? Blood Elastic tissue Areolar tissue Adipose tissue

Blood

What are the two fluid connective tissues found in the human body?

Blood and lymph

Which statement is NOT true? Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life. The matrix of cartilage is flexible and the matrix of bone is rigid. Cartilage has no blood vessels running through it, whereas bone does. The matrices of both cartilage and bone have collagen fibers but bone also has calcium salts in the matrix.

Both cartilage and bone remodel themselves continuously during life.

What substance accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone?

Calcium phosphate

What is the second step of fracture repair?

Callus formation

Which of the following increase with age? Cancer rates Repair and maintenance activities Tissue health and thickness Bone density

Cancer rates

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control?

Cardiac

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and has cells joined at intercalated discs?

Cardiac

Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ______ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.

Chondrocytes

What is the only type of cell found in cartilage matrix?

Chondrocytes

Which of the following is not a function of neuroglia cells? Conducting electrical impulses to other cells Providing nutrients to neurons Performing phagocytosis Maintaining the physical structure of nervous tissue

Conducting electrical impulses to other cells

Which type of tissue is composed of dense irregular connective tissue arranged in multiple layers in which the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions? All the collagen fibers in one layer run in the same direction, while the fibers in other layers run in different directions.

Deep fascia

Which part of the neuron is the receptive part of the cell?

Dendrite

During growth, individual cells become specialized to perform particular functions. This is called ____________.

Differentiation

Which type of cartilage is designed as a support but tolerates distortion and is found in the auricle, or external ear?

Elastic cartilage

What are the structures that are responsible for the stretching of the skin during pregnancy.

Elastic fibers found in the reticular layer of the dermis

What structure lines the marrow cavity and other inner surfaces of bones?

Endosteum

Which of the four basic tissue types form coverings or linings of organs?

Epithelial tissue

Which of the following characteristics is not true of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material. Epithelial tissues are avascular. The basal surface of all epithelial tissues is bound to a basement membrane. Epithelial tissues have an exposed surface.

Epithelial tissue has an abundance of extracellular material.

In exfoliative cytology, epithelial cells are removed and examined without any lasting damage to the tissue from which these cells are removed. Why is there usually NO lasting damage?

Epithelial tissue is capable of regeneration.

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs. Epithelia provide physical protection. Epithelia control permeability. Epithelia produce specialized secretions.

Epithelial tissues form a structural framework for organs.

T or F : In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.

False

True or false: Glandular cells are epithelial cells.

False

Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, more than just Anne Marie's joints and skin could be affected by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. What is fascia and where is it found?

Fasciae are layers of connective tissue that surround and support organs.

It has been shown that as a person ages, the amount of collagen in the skin decreases and becomes more disorganized. Of the choices below, which is the best explanation for why this happens?

Fibroblasts become less active as we age.

Several complex joints, including the knee, contain both hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. What is the difference between these two kinds of cartilage?

Fibrocartilage has a denser network of collagen fibers and very little ground substance in the matrix as compared to hyaline cartilage.

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called __________.

Fibrosis

Referring to muscle tissue, what does the term involuntary mean?

The body does not consciously cause the contraction of involuntary muscle.

A patient goes to his doctor because he has noticed a pain and a rubbing sound when he breathes. The patient has also noticed that his abdomen has gotten bigger, but he eats a healthy diet. What is most likely the cause of the patient's condition?

The serous membranes are inflamed and scratching against one another, resulting gin pleurisy.

Which of the following is NOT a property of neuroglia?

They conduct electrical impulses.

Why are certain epithelial cells called pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

They have a layered appearance even though all the cells contact the basal lamina.

Skeletal muscle fibers are very unusual because they may be __________. a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei capable of division, unlike smooth muscle cells devoid of striations and spindle-shaped with a single nucleus subject to the activity of pacemaker cells, which establish contraction rate

a foot or more in length, and each muscle cell contains hundreds of nuclei

inflammation is

a process that clears damaged cells and dangerous microorganisms from an injury

Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by a. desmosomes b. intermediate junctions c. tight junctions d. junctional complexes e. gap junctions

a. desmosomes

Cells in the digestive tract have to transport digested materials across the plasma membranes of their apical surfaces. What structure would help increase the ability of these cells to transport digested nutrients? a. microvilli b. desmosomes c. cilia d. basement membrane e. tight junctions

a. microvilli Microvilli increase the surface area on the apical surface of an epithelial cell. Having more surface area allows more membrane for transporting materials into or out of a cell.

Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands? a. simple cuboidal b. transitional epithelium c. pseudostratified columnar epithelium d. simple squamous e. stratified squamous

a. simple cuboidal

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is: a. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not. b. the density of collagen fibers in the cavity wall. c. whether the membrane is thick or thin. d. whether the tissue is epithelial or connective. e. the amount of blood vessels lining the cavity wall.

a. whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not.

Which of the following cavities is not associated with the urinary bladder? - pelvic cavity - abdominopelvic cavity - abdominal cavity - ventral body cavity

abdominal cavity

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is

absorption and secretion

The mucous membranes that are lined by simple epithelia perform the functions of __________.

absorption and secretion

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes

An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the basal surface.

apical

Which cartilage types has little ground substance and has a matrix dominated by collagen fibers?

fibrocartilage

What is the permanent replacement of normal tissues with fibrous connective tissue called?

fibrosis

When Rachel was 10, she had a mini-bike accident resulting in severe road rash on her right calf. This injury eventually healed, but resulted in permanent __________.

fibrous

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating elements is called ___________.

flexion

You are observing a type of connective tissue that contains a variety of cells in a watery matrix. Based on these observations, what category of connective tissue are you looking at?

fluid connective tissue

A rounded passageway in bone for the passage of blood vessels or nerves is called a __________.

foramen (eyebrow)

The first step of fracture repair is:

fracture hematoma formation.

Which of these planes would show the heart, lungs, and liver in the same section? - horizontal plane - median plane - frontal plane - sagittal plane

frontal plane

A type of junction between cells that allows the passage of small molecules and ions from cell to cell is a __________.

gap junction

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

gap junction

what junction is required for cell-to-cell communication?

gap junction


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