Anatomy Test 2 Visible Body Quiz

Where does gas exchange occur?

In the alveoli

Sarcomeres contain thick filaments, which consist of _____, and thin filaments, which consist of _____.

Myosin, Actin

"Red blood" designates _____ blood, which is only seen in the chambers on the _____ side of the heart.

Oxygenated, left

All of the following are main components of urine except

Proteins.

If your friend asked you to explain the cisterna chyli, which of the following would you likely say?

The cisterna chyli is a lymphatic sac that, if present, forms the base of the thoracic duct anterior to the first or second lumbar vertebra.

All of the following are sections of the renal tubule except

The glomerulus.

Which processes of urine formation occur in the renal tubules?

Absorption and secretion

At the neuromuscular junction, a neurotransmitter called _____ is released. When it binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, they open, allowing an influx of _____ ions.

Acetylcholine, sodium

All of the following are chambers of lymph nodes except

Afferent Vessels

The _____ is the largest artery in the body.

Aorta

Which hormone, produced in the kidneys and liver, stimulates red blood cell production?

Erythropoietin

When the diaphragm contracts, it _____ and _____ the thoracic cavity.

Flattens out, expands

What is the location of the heart in reference to the diaphragm?

It is superior to the diaphragm.

How does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle?

Its fibers are shorter.

Which organ produces plasma proteins?

Liver

_____ begins as interstitial fluid between cells and filters into lymphatic _____, flowing into larger vessels and trunks, and eventually returning to venous blood.

Lymph, capillaries

The heart is located _____ to the two lungs, and the _____ lung experiences the greatest displacement due to the heart's location.

Medial, left

Large cells called _____ in red bone marrow shed cell fragments that enter circulation as platelets.

Megakaryocytes

What are the basic functional units of the kidney?

Nephrons

The right and left ventricles contain _____ muscles, which contract to pull on the chordae tendineae. The purpose of the chordae tendineae is to _____.

Papillary, prevent inversion of the heart valves

The thin sac that surrounds the heart is called the _____, and its function is _____.

Pericardium, enclosing and protecting the heart

What component of blood is filtered from the glomerulus into the renal capsule?

Plasma

Which of the following accurately compares the functions of red blood cells and white blood cells?

Red blood cells transport oxygen to body tissues, whereas white blood cells defend the body against disease.

Blood enters the kidneys through the _____ and exits the kidneys through the _____.

Renal arteries, renal veins

The _____ kidney is slightly lower than the other kidney to accommodate the _____.

Right, liver

Surrounding the myofibrils are membranous sacs called the

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

All of the following are steps in the process of urine formation except

Some substances are filtered from the urine.

The kidneys are located between the _____ and _____ vertebrae.

T12, L03

Which of the following structures separates the right and left ventricles?

The interventricular septum

If your friend asked you to identify the factors that affect phonation, you would likely include all of the following factors except

The motion of the epiglottis.

All of the following are lower respiratory structures except

The pharynx

All of the following are main regions of the kidney except

The renal corpuscle.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the renal pelvises?

The renal pelvises funnel urine from the kidneys into the ureters.

Why do you think the heart is called a "double-pump"?

The right and left sides of the heart work in coordination to pump oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the right and left atrioventricular valves?

The right atrioventricular valve has three cusps, whereas the left atrioventricular valve has two cusps.

Which accessory muscles contribute to the depression of the rib cage?

The serratus posterior inferior muscles

Lymph empties into the bloodstream at the junction of which two veins?

The subclavian and internal jugular veins

Which of the following accurately compares the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct?

The thoracic duct drains a much larger portion of the body than does the right lymphatic duct.

All of the following are major structures that pass through the apertures of the diaphragm except

The trachea

The endocardium lines the interior walls of all of the following except

The visceral pericardium.

All of the following statements accurately describe the renal pyramids except

They are located in the renal cortex.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the renal arteries?

They branch from the aorta and supply blood to the kidneys.

Which of the following is a similarity among red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?

They originate in red bone marrow inside the bones.

Which of the following lists the correct order of the structures urine passes through on its way from the kidneys to the outside of the body?

Ureters, bladder, urethra

All of the following are structures arteries and veins have in common except

Valves

How many apertures (openings) are there in the diaphragm?

3

_____ are lymphocytes that develop and mature in red bone marrow inside spongy bone, particularly in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pectoral and pelvic girdles.

B Cells

Gases are exchanged across the walls of the pulmonary _____ in the lungs, and the oxygen content of the blood rises.

Capillaries

Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles _____ the rib cage.

Depresses

Which of the following accurately describes one of the steps of each electrical impulse?

During step 4, the signal branches into the bundle branches of each ventricle.

Red blood cells contain gas-transporting molecules called

Hemaglobin

When the internal intercostal muscles contract, the effect it has on the volume in the thoracic cavity and lungs causes pressure inside the lungs to _____ and air to move _____ the lungs.

Increase, up and out of

The muscles located between the ribs are called the _____ muscles.

Internal intercostal

All of the following statements accurately describe the effects that abdominal muscle contraction has on respiration except

It decreases pressure in the abdomen and thoracic cavity.

Which of the following is true regarding a mature red blood cell?

It does not have a nucleus at all.

All of the following statements accurately describe skeletal muscle tissue except

It has branching fibers connected by intercalated discs.

All of the following statements accurately describe the renal corpuscle except

It is a fatty tissue layer that surrounds the kidneys.

Which of the following statements accurately describes smooth muscle?

It is non-striated and contracts involuntarily in peristaltic waves.

What is the main function of red blood cells?

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

Capsules of tissue that filter lymph and contain lymphocytes that destroy pathogens are called

Lymph Nodes

Where can cardiac muscle be found?

Only in the myocardium of the heart

Which of the following accurately lists the structures through which electrical impulses pass, from initiation to culmination?

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Which of the following distinguishes skeletal muscle from smooth muscle?

Skeletal muscle responds to voluntary commands, whereas smooth muscle contracts involuntarily.

The male urethra is _____ cm long and the female urethra is _____ cm long.

17.5-20, 4

The glomerular capsules are located in the _____ of the kidneys.

Cortex

The right atrium receives _____ blood from the vena cava and the coronary sinus, and the left atrium receives _____ blood from the pulmonary veins.

Deoxygenated, oxygenated

Structures in the nasal mucosa do all of the following to air except

Dry it.

What effect does contraction of the internal intercostal muscles have on the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs?

It decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the glomerulus?

It is a spherical capillary bed where blood is filtered.

What is the function of the myocardium?

It produces the heart's strong and continuous pumping action.

The _____ are the blood-filtering structures of the urinary system.

Kidneys

Skeletal muscle fibers are organized into basic functional units called

Sarcomeres

Which of the following lists the correct order of the branches of the renal artery that bring blood to the nephron for filtering?

Segmental, interlobar, arcuate, interlobular

All of the following are structures of the conduction system except

The atrioventricular valves.

All of the following muscles contribute to the elevation of the rib cage for inhalation except

The internal intercostals.

The striated appearance of skeletal muscles is created by the arrangement of _____ inside the cells that form muscle tissue.

Actin and myosin

What is the initial stimulus for muscle contraction?

An action potential from a motor neuron

The heart is located _____ to the esophagus, and the _____ separates it from the esophagus.

Anterior, trachea

Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart's right ventricle and enters the lungs via pulmonary _____, and oxygenated blood drains through the pulmonary _____ to the left atrium.

Arteries, veins

All of the following are types of blood vessels except

Atria

What are the names of the two chambers found on each side of the heart?

Atrium and ventricle

The conduction system of the heart is controlled by the _____ nervous system.

Autonomic

Which of the following is a similarity between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are striated.

Relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchioles during exercise causes _____, whereas allergic reactions and histamines cause _____.

Bronchodilation, bronchoconstriction

Blood is a(n) _____ tissue.

Connective

Each electrical impulse causes the atria to _____, moving blood _____.

Contract, into the ventricles

To accomplish its main function, a muscle _____, changing its shape and length.

Contracts

The impact of diaphragm contraction on the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs causes pressure to _____ inside the lungs, thus moving air _____ the lungs.

Decrease, into

Systemic veins carry _____, and systemic arteries carry _____.

Deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood

"Blue blood" designates _____ blood, which is only seen in the chambers of the _____ side of the heart.

Deoxygenated, right

Which of the following accurately lists the layers of the heart wall, from interior to exterior?

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

All of the following are types of white blood cells except

Erythrocyte

All of the following are nasal cartilages except

Ethmoid cartilage.

What are the bundles of muscle fibers that compose muscle tissue called?

Fascicles

An adult heart is approximately the size of a

Fist

All of the following are areas of the body where lymph nodes are clustered except

In the brain

Smooth muscle can be found in all of the following places except

In the heart

Which of the following explains why the epiglottis is so important?

Inhaled air and ingested nutrients both pass through the oropharynx, and the epiglottis directs food and fluid away from the trachea and into the esophagus.

If your friend asked you to explain how air flows through the upper respiratory tract, which of the following would you likely say?

Inhaled air passes from the nasal or oral cavity through the pharynx and larynx and into the trachea.

Which of the following characteristics is unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Intercalated discs

What is the function of the heart in relationship to the circulatory system?

It controls the circulation of blood throughout the body.

What effect does diaphragm contraction have on the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs?

It increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and lungs.

What is the placement of the heart in regard to the trachea?

It is anterior to the trachea.

If your friend asked you to explain the composition of blood plasma, which of the following would you most likely say?

It is composed of water, proteins, nutrients, and hormones.

All of the following are true of the thymus except

It produces hormones that regulate the development of B cells.

What is the function of the thoracic cage in regard to the heart?

It surrounds and protects the heart.

Which of the following accurately compares the afferent and efferent vessels of lymph nodes?

Lymph enters the node through afferent vessels, and filtered lymph leaves the node through efferent vessels.

If your instructor asked you to explain the role lymph nodes play in the lymphatic system, which of the following would you likely say?

Lymph nodes filter lymph before it reenters the bloodstream.

Which of the following accurately compares the three major cell types of the alveolar wall?

Most gas exchange occurs through type I alveolar cells, alveolar fluid secreted from type II alveolar cells keeps the alveolar surfaces moist, and alveolar macrophages remove particulate debris from the alveolar surfaces.

Air entering the nasal cavity flows through passages created by the

Nasal conchae.

Which body system initiates the process of muscle contraction?

Nervous System

Which of the following is an upper respiratory structure?

Pharynx

Which of the following is the largest component of blood?

Plasma

If your instructor asked you to list the components of blood, from highest percentage of blood volume to lowest, which of the following would you most likely say?

Plasma, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells

When a blood vessel tears, _____ at the site adhere to the vessel's wall to close the tear.

Platelets

A delicate, double-layered serous membrane, called the _____, covers the surface of each lung.

Pleura

What is produced inside the bone marrow of spongy bone?

Red Blood Cells

Inside the _____, abnormal blood cells are consumed by macrophages, and lymphocytes carry out immune responses.

Spleen

What reduces the tension of the alveoli and allows them to maintain their shape?

Surfactant in alveolar fluid

Smooth muscle lines all of the following body structures except

The Brain

What creates the striated appearance of skeletal muscles?

The arrangement of actin and myosin inside the cells that form muscle tissue

All of the following are differences between the left and the right lungs except

The left lung is divided into three lobes, whereas the right lung is divided into two lobes.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the right and left atria?

The right atrium is larger than the left atrium.

Which of the following statements accurately compares the functions of the right and left ventricles?

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk, whereas the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the ascending aorta.

What is the purpose of the heart valves?

To control the flow of blood through the heart and prevent blood backflow

What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

To induce a ventricular contraction that ejects blood from the heart

Which of the following creates a muscle contraction?

When the thick and thin filaments of a sarcomere slide across each other