Management Chapter 8

union shop

an organization with a union and a union security clause specifying that workers must join the union after a set period of time

A managerial performance test in which candidates participate in a variety of different exercises and situations is known as a(n)_____.

assessment center

performance appraisal

assessment of an employee's job performance

____ appraisals, although subjective, focus on observable aspects of performance.

behavioral

Which type of interview explores what candidates have actually done in the past?

behavioral description interview

Jake applied for a summer job as a bookkeeper. As part of his employment screening, he was asked to take an exam with numerical aptitude questions. This type of selection test is referred to as a:

cognitive ability test

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

creates exempt (salaried) and nonexempt (hourly) employee categories, governing overtime and other rules; sets minimum wage and child labor laws

____ refers to the degree to which a test actually predicts or correlates with the job.

criterion-related validity

In the context of performance appraisals, in a(n) ___ technique, the manager keeps a regular log by recording each significant employee behavior that reflect the quality of his or her performance.

critical incident

When a software company developed a new phone, it had to determine how many production and marketing employees would be required for the launch. The company is involved in ______.

demand forecasting

demand forecasting

determining how many people and what type of people are needed (HR)

One of the criteria for creating a competitive advantage through human resources is that they should be:

difficult to imitate

A(n) _____ strike refers to a situation wherein workers go on strike to compel employers to agree to their terms.

economics

Which of the following is true of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970?

employers must maintain records of injuries and deaths caused by workplace accidents and submit to on-site inspections

The legal concept that an employee may be terminated for any reason is known as:

employment-at-will

In the context of human resources management, the planning stage involves:

ensuring the availability of the right number and types of people

The final stage in the human resources planning process involves:

evaluating the activities conducted to ensure that they are producing the desired results

In the context of incentive systems, ______ reward employees for increasing productivity or saving money in areas under their direct control.

gainsharing plans

In a collective bargaining agreement, a(n) ____ gives workers a voice in what goes on during contract negotiations and administration.

grievance procedure

In the context of human resources management, the programming stage involves:

implementing specific activities like recruitment

The most common type of incentive plan, which compares a worker's performance against an objective standard with pay determined by his or her own performance is known as a(n):

individual plan

In a collective bargaining agreement, the ______ clause includes the use of seniority to determine pay increases, job bidding, and the order of layoffs.

individual rights

____ tests are administered by employers to assess the honesty of a job candidate.

integrity

Which is true of the provisions of the Equal Pay Act of 1963?

it allows differences in pay in the case of a seniority system or merit system

In the context of training methods, _____ refers to assigning employees to different roles in the organization to broaden their experience and improve their skills.

job rotation

The estimate an organization makes regarding the number and quality of its current employees and the available external source of workers is known as a(n):

labor supply forecast

right-to-work

legislation that allows employees to work without having to join a union

On a day-to-day basis, which of the following is a concern of human resources managers?

managing layoffs

When objective performance measures are unavailable but the company still wants to base pay on performance, it uses a(n) ______.

merit pay system

An analysis identifying the jobs, people, and departments for which training is necessary is known as a(n):

needs assessment

Training designed to introduce new employees to their jobs and the company, and to familiarize them with policies, procedures, culture, and the like is known as:

orientation training

A company wants to hire a model to appear in a television ad to promote their products. Prospective candidates have been asked to audition so that the company can choose the most suitable person. The candidates are being subjected to a(n) ______ test.

performance

In a performance test, the test taker

performs a sample of the job

comparable worth

principle of equal pay for different kinds of jobs of equal worth

360-degree appraisal

process of using multiple sources of appraisal to gain a comprehensive perspective on one's performance

flexible benefit program

programs in which employees are given credits to spend on benefits that fit their unique needs

diversity training

programs that focus on identifying and reducing hidden biases against people with differences and developing the skills needed to manage a diversified worforce

Equal Pay Act (1963)

prohibits gender-based pay discrimination between two jobs substantially similar in skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions

Which of the following should be done when conducting a termination for interview?

provide written explanations of severance benefits

Which should be done when conducting a termination interview?

provide written explanations of severance benefits

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010

requires certain employers to provide health insurance to their employees (or pay $2000 annually per employee for this purpose), insure employees with preexisting conditions, and provide coverage of employees' dependents until the age of 26

____ builds on recruiting and involves decisions about whom to hire.

selection

structured interview

selection technique that involves asking all applicants the same questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers

In the United States, which is an employee benefit required by law?

social security

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

states that a pregnancy is a disability and qualifies a woman to receive with any other disability

Human Resources Management (HRM)

system of organizational activities to attract, develop, and motivate an effective and qualified workforce. Also known as talent, human capital, or personnel management

training

teaching lower-level employees broad skills needed for their present jobs

development

teaching managers and professional employees broad skills needed for their present and future jobs

reliability

the consistency of test scores over time and across alternative measurements

validity

the degree to which a selection test predicts or correlates with job performance

recruitment

the development of a pool of applicants for jobs in an organization

outplacement

the process of helping people who have been dismissed from the company to regain employment elsewhere

arbitration

the use of a neutral third party to resolve a labor dispute

In the context of incentive systems, which of the following is true of profit-sharing plans?

they are usually implemented in the division or the organization as a whole

team training

training that provides employees with the skills and perspectives they need to collaborate with others

___ appraisals involve judgments about employee performance.

trait

In the context of employee benefits, _____ provides financial support to employees laid off for reasons they cannot control.

unemployment insurance

Which of the following is a step taken by companies when there is a labor surplus?

using attrition if they have planned far enough in advance

In the context of strategic human resources management, people can increase _____ by helping lower costs, providing something unique to customers, or both.

value

adverse impact

when a seemingly neutral employment practice has a disproportionately negative affect on a projected group

In the context of labor relations, _____ refers to a situation wherein workers walk off the job in violation of their contract.

wildcat strike

In the context of employee benefits, ______ provides financial support to employees suffering a work-related injury or illness.

workers' compensation

Which of the following acts prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, sex, color, national origin, and religion?

Civil Rights Acts of 1964

Civil Rights Act (1991)

Clarifies Title VII requirements; disparate treatment impact suits, buiness necessity, job relatedness, shifts burden of proof to employer; permits punitive damages and jury trials

Which of the following is true of the provisions of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act?

Employees are normally exempt from overtime pay if they have considerable discretion in how they carry out their jobs

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

Extends affirmative action provisions of Vocational Rehabilitation Act to private employers; requires workplace modifications to facilitate disabled employees; prohibits discrimination against disabled

Which of the following is true of the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act passed in 1935?

It established five unfair employer labor practices

Which is an advantage of a structured interview?

It is more likely to be free of bias and stereotypes

Which is true of the provisions of the Labor-Management Relations Act?

It permitted workers to decertify (reject) a union as their representative

Which of the following is true of the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974

It protects private pension programs from mismanagement

Which is a function of job analysis?

It provides the information required by virtually every human resources activity

Which is true of a termination interview?

It should be conducted by the immediate superior

Which of the following is true of the Landrum-Griffin Act (1959)?

It was designed to curb abuses by labor union leaders

Title VII of Civil Rights Act (1964)

Prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or national origin in employment decisions: hiring, pay, working conditions, promotions, discipline or discharge

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)

Prohibits employment discrimination based on age for persons over 40 years old; restricts mandatory retirement

Family and Medical Leave Act (1991)

Requires 12 weeks' unpaid leave for medical or family needs: paternity, maternity, family member illness

Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)

Requires affirmative action by all federal contractors for persons with disabilities; defines disabilities as physical or mental impairment that substantially limit life activities

Executive Orders 11246 and 11357 (1965)

Requires equal opportunity clauses in federal contracts; prohibits employment discrimination by federal contractors based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

In the context of selection methods, which of the following is true of personality tests?

They are hard to defend in court

WARN Act

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notificaion Act of 1989, or Plant Closing Bill. Requires covered employers to give affected employees 60 days' written notice of plant closings or mass layoffs

termination interview

a discussion between a manager and an employee about the employee's dismissal

management by objectives (MBO)

a process in which objectives set by a subordinate and a supervisor must be reached within a given time period

job analysis

a tool for determining what is done on a given job and what should be done on that job