Anatomy Test #2.2

Identify bones of the lower extremities and the major features of the knee

-Femur -Patella (largest sesmoid bone in body(forms in a tendon)) -Tibia and fibula -Talus, calcaneus, navicular,cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform -5 metatarsals -14 phalanges

Describe the pectoral girdle in 3 ways.

1)No articulation with the vertebral column 2)Not very stable 3)Wide range of motion allowed

Describe the pelvic girdle

Also known as os cocca The pelvic (hip) girdle consists of two hipbones (coxal bones or os coxae), in association within the sacrum and coccyx of the vertebral column. Separated by the pubic synthesis (fibrocartilage)

How does the pectoral girdle attach to the axial skeleton?

By the sternoclavicular joint

Name the components of the os coxa.

Each of the two coxal bones of the adult is a composite of three bones seen in the neonate: 1)superior ilium 2)inferior and anterior pubis 3)inferior and posterior ischium

What are the bones of the upper extremities (arm)

Humerus Radius(lateral) Ulna (medial)

What is the function of the scapula?

In addition to forming the posterior portion of the pectoral girdle and giving rise to the shoulder, the broad and flattened surfaces of the scapula provide extensive areas for attachment of those muscles which move the shoulder joint.

List the structural adaptations of the female pelvis for childbirth that makes it different from the male pelvis.

In females, the: 1)false pelvis is shallower 2)pelvic inlets larger and more oval 3)pubic arch is greater than a 90 degree angle 4)Ilia are less vertical, being more flared laterally 5)Iliac fossae are shallower 6)Iliac crest is less curved 7)Acetabulum is ambler, related to size of the head of the female femur (weight bearing compared to males) 8)Obturator foramen is more oval

What is the purpose of the os cocca?

It provides a strong and stable support for the lower extremities, on which the weight of the body is carried.

Does the pectoral girlde articulate with the vertebral column?

No

What are the bones of the hand?

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle 5 Metacarpals (#1 starts with Thumb) Phalanges

Why is it important that the pectoral girdle have only a single attachment to the axial skeleton?

Since the pectoral girdle does not articulate with the vertebral column and only attaches to the axial skeleton by the sternoclavicular joint, the pectoral girdle is not very stable. However, the lack of stability allows the shoulder joint to have free movements and thus allows it to move in all directions.

What are the functions of the arch?

The arches allow the foot to bear the weight of the body, provide ideal distribution of weight across the hard and soft tissues of the foot, and provide leverage while walking. They are not rigid, but rather yield then spring back when the weight is removed.

What is the acetabulum?

The area where the three bones meet and fuse forms a deep lateral fossa, called the acetabulum, which serves as the socket for articulation with the head of the femur.

Describe the clavicle

The clavicle (collarbone) forms the anterior component of the pectoral girdle. It articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint and articulates laterally with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.

What is the function of the clavicle?

The clavicle receives forces from the upper extremity and transfers them to the axial skeleton. As the only attachment of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton, excessive forces, such as falling on one's outstretched arms, causes all force to be moved into the clavicle. As a result, this is the most broken bone in the body.

Name the joints that form the pelvic girdle

The coxal bones are united to each other anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly at the right and left sacroiliac joints.

What is the glenoid fossa?

The glenoid fossa or cavity, inferior to the acromion of the scapula, is a shallow depression that receives the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint.

Describe the Pelvic Outlet

The inferior opening of the lesser pelvis is called the pelvic outlet

Describe the lateral longitudinal foot arch

The lateral (outer) longitudinal arch begins at the calcaneus, rises to the cuboid, then decreases through the heads of the metatarsals IV and V

Describe the medial longitudinal foot arch

The medial (inner) longitudinal arch begins at the calcaneus, rises to the talus, then descends through the navicular, cuneiforms, and the head of the first three metatarsals. (Most popular, talked about the most)

What is the pectoral girdle?

The pectoral (shoulder) girdles attach the bones of the upper extremities to the axial skeleton. Each girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula.

Describe the Pelvic Axis

The pelvic axis is an imaginary line passing through the lesser pelvic at right angles to the center of the planes of the pelvic inlet and outlet. This represents the course taken by a child's head at birth as he or she passes through the birth canal.

Describe the False Pelvis

The portion of the pelvis above the pelvic brims known as the greater (false) pelvis

Describe the True Pelvis

The portion of the pelvis below the pelvic brim is known as the lesser (true) pelvis

Describe the scapula

The scapula is the posterior component of the pectoral girdle. It is freely positioned over the upper posterior rib cage by complex muscular attachments. There are no bony attachments between the scapula and the axial skeleton. (Not attached at all to the axial skeleton)

Describe the pelvic brim

The superior and inferior portions of the pelvis are separated from each other by a plane that connects the sacral promontory posteriorly and the pubic symphysis anteriorly. The circumference of this plane is the brim.

Describe the Pelvic Inlet

The superior opening of the lesser pelvis is called the pelvic inlet

Describe the Transverse foot arch

The transverse arch is formed by the navicular, three cuneiforms, and the five metatarsals, and passes from medial to lateral.

Describe the Pelvis

Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the two coxal bones form the basin-like structure