Anatomy U4 L1 lecture questions

What does the superior articular facet of the rib articulate with?

Inferior Costal Facet of Vertebrae *same # vertebrae*

Which portion of the mediastinum splits into 3 parts? what are the 3 parts?

Inferior portion; 1.Anterior mediastinum 2.Middle mediastinum 3.Posterior mediastinum

what are the margins of the breast

-base of breast -attached to thorax -vertical extent: ribs 2-6 -laterally: to midaxillary line

What are the functions of the thorax

-house and protect the heart and lungs -conduit for structures passing between neck and abdomen -role in breathing

What are the margins of the mediastinum

-sternum to vertebral bodies (horizontally) -superior thoracic aperture to diaphragm (vertically)

What are the margins on the axillary inlet

-superior margin of scapula -clavicle (inferior to) -lateral margin of rib 1 (superior to)

What is the role of the suspensory ligament? Why is it clinically important

-supports the breast -breast cancer can cause tension on ligaments, leads to pitting/dimpling of skin

How many points of articulation happen between Rib 10 and T10

1 head of Rib 10 with body of T10

What are the 3 compartments of the thoracic cavity

1. left pleural cavity 2. right pleural cavity 3. mediastinum

What are the 3 articulation sites of Ribs 2-9

1.Head of rib with body of own vertebra (Superior articular facet of rib with inferior costal facet of vertebrae) 2.Head of rib wit body of rib superior (Inferior articular facet of rib with superior costal facet of superior vertebrae) 3.Tubercle with transverse process of own vertebrae (Tubercle with transverse costal facet of vertebrae)

What are the two types of false ribs? One has specific name

1.Ribs 8-10: articulate with sternum via costal cartilages of superior ribs 2.Floating ribs: 11-12 no anterior connection to sternum

What are the two portions of the mediastinum

1.Superior portion 2.Inferior portion

Rib 11 adn Rib 12 each have ... sites of articulation with vertebrae of the same number

1; between head of rib and body of vertebrae

How many points of articulation occur between Rib 1 and T1

2 •Tubercle of Rib 1 articulate with Transverse costal facet of T1 •Head of Rib 1 only articulates with 1 articular surface with body of T1

Where are the costovertebral joints

between bodies of adjacent vertebrae and head of one rib

Where is the xiphisternal joint located?

between body of sternum and xiphoid process

Where is the manubriosternal joint located? when does it slightly move?

between manubrium and body of sternum; respiration

Where is the posterior mediastinum?

between pericardium and thoracic vertebrae

Where are interchondral joints primarily located; which ribs does it help indirectly articulate with sternum

between ribs 7-10; 8-10

Where are the Costotransverse joints

between tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebrae

Where is the sternocostal joint located?

between upper seven cartilages and sternum

What important structures run in the superior thoracic aperture?

brachial plexus, major AV through axillary inlet

Where is the retromammary space located?

breast superficial to deep fascia of pectoral muscles

What condenses to form the suspensory ligaments of the breast

connective tissues that surround ducts and lobules of breast

What are the three ligaments that stabilize the costotransverse joint

costotransverse ligament (neck - TP) lateral costotransverse ligament (tip of TP - tubercle) superior costotransverse ligament (neck - TP of superior vertebrae)

What are the major joints of the thorax

costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal, interchondral, manubriosternal, xiphisternal

What structure closes off the interior thoracic aperture?

diagphragm

What defines a false rib? What ribs are in this group?

do not have own costal cartilage articulate with sternum; 8-12

which ribs have no anterior connection to sternum

floating ribs 11+12

superior articular facet of head of rib articulates with

inferior costal face of vertebrae superior

what are the 3 surfaces of the ribs

internal, external, and costal groove

Mammary glands converge to form 15-20 ... that each open to the nippe

lactiferous ducts

what are the 3 distinct parts of the sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

What separates the pleural cavities

mediastinum

What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum horizontally

passes through sternal angle and disc b/w T4 and T5

What is the main structure dividing the inferior mediastinum?

pericardium

What does the middle mediastinum contain?

pericardium and heart

The head of the rib is located on the anterior or posterior side?

posterior

What components are in the superficial compartment of the pectoral region

skin, superficial fascia, breasts

clavicular notches on the manubrium of the sternum articulate with ...

sternal ends of the clavicles

which joint of the thorax is not synovial

sternocostal joint between rib 1 and manubrium

What type of joint is between costal cartilage Rib 1 and manubrium

sternocostal; fibrocartilaginous connection (almost NO movement)

What are the bones of the thorax?

sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

What runs in the posterior groove of Rib 1

subclavian artery

What runs in the anterior groove of Rib 1

subclavian vein

inferior articular facet of head of rib articulates with

superior costal facet of own vertebra

Mammary glands are modified ... ; located in the ... ; anterior to the ...

sweat glands; superficial fascia; pectoral muscles and anterior thoracic wall

What does the mediastinum contain

trachea, esophagus, heart, major nerves

What are the margins of the thoracic wall?

•Posteriorly: 12 thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral discs •Laterally: ribs •Anteriorly: sternum

What components are in the deep compartment of the pectoral region

Muscles

The costal groove does not protect which of the following: Intercostal A,V, or N

N

What defines a true rib? What ribs are in this group?

Ribs that directly articulate with sternum through own costal cartilage; 1-7

What is unique structure is on Rib 1

Scalene tubercle separating 2 grooves (anterior and posterior)

what are the two major compartments of the pectoral region

Superficial and Deep

What does the •Inferior articular facet of the rib articulate with?

Superior Costal Facet of Vertebrae *superior vertebrae*

What are the two apertures in the thoracic cavity

Superior thoracic and Inferior thoracic

What important area of transition does the axillary inlet run lateral to?

Superior thoracic aperture

True or False: Costal cartilage is located on all ribs

True

which joint of the thorax can fuse over time?

Xiphisternal

What important structures run through the axillary inlet

AV, brachial plexus

What do the ribs terminate with anteriorly and posteriorly?

Anteriorly: costal cartilage Posteriorly: vertebral column

Where is the anterior mediastinum located?

Between the sternum and pericardium

What region would you go through to access the heart without opening pleural cavities?

Mediastinum

Which inferior mediastinum portion is the biggest?

Middle