Midterm

The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from strong acid by

mucus

Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?

multiple trauma with extensive organ damage

A protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach rather than in pancreatic secretions is

pepsin.

The rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestine that propel food along are called

peristalsis

Energy expenditure is increased by

physical exercise.

A means of absorption that occurs in the small intestine is

pinocytosis.

A meal consisting of country fried steak, carrots, and a baked potato with butter and sour cream would stimulate the hormone cholecystokinin because of the

presence of fat in the duodenum.

In the past, vitamin A content was listed in International Units (IU); it is now listed in

retinol equivalents

The vitamin that is destroyed by light is

riboflavin.

Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the

skin, liver, and kidney.

Resting energy expenditure is

slightly higher than basal energy expenditure.

A good food source of vitamin K is

spinach.

In the diet, the greatest proportion of indispensable amino acids is provided by

turkey.

Liver is a rich source of

vitamin A (retinol).

A nutrient that does not provide energy for the body is

vitamin.

When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be

weight gain.

Proteins from plant sources that are classified as incomplete include

wheat, peanuts, and corn.

A 65-year-old man's energy intake should focus on meals

with a lower caloric density and increased nutrient density.

The element that is contained in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids is

..nitrogen

Metabolic rate would increase with a body temperature of

101.2° F.

The liver and muscles store enough glycogen to last _____ hours.

12 to 48

After foods are eaten, they are converted into which of the following body fuels

fatty acids and glucose

The function of all B-complex vitamins is to

function as coenzymes.

Conversion of amino acids to glucose is called

gluconeogenesis.

The first source of stored energy to be used during a period of fasting is

glycogen.

Energy is lost from the body as

heat

An example of a gastric secretion is

hydrochloric acid

The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the

kilocalorie.

Ms. J. complains of gas and bloating along with abdominal pain, especially after drinking milk or eating ice cream or cheese. She may have

lactose intolerance.

The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is

absorption of water.

Dietary fiber is beneficial because it

adds bulk to feces.

The body's sources of stored energy include

adipose tissue.

Proteins are absorbed as

amino acids.

Of the following, the food with the highest quality protein is

an omelet with cheese, whole wheat toast, and orange juice.

The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is

anabolism.

Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as a(n)

antioxidant.

Phytochemicals act as

antioxidants and hormones.

Gas formation in the colon is the result of

bacterial action on undigested items.

The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called the

basal metabolic rate.

A good food source of niacin is

beef.

Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of

beta-carotene.

After absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the

blood system.

A food that begins chemical digestion in the mouth is

bread.

The best food source of folic acid is

broccoli.

In the mouth, protein foods are

broken up mechanically by chewing.

A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in

calcification of soft tissues.

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals

calcium and phosphorus.

A food that is high in a macronutrient broken down by trypsin is

chicken.

After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the semifluid mass is called

chyme.

A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is called

complete.

Nutrient density means the

concentration of nutrients in a given amount of food.

Bile contains

emulsifiers.

The grams of high-quality protein required daily for an individual who weighs 170 lb and is close to ideal body weight would be _____ g.

61.8

Fever increases basal metabolic rate approximately _____ for each _____ rise.

7%, 1° F

The number of amino acids that are indispensable for human beings is

9.

The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 24 g protein is _____ kcal.

96

The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin

K.

In planning a vegetarian meal, an appropriate combination of complementary proteins would be

cornmeal tamales and beans.

Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as

illness.

Protein plays an important role in the body

in defense against disease and infection.

A client weighs 130 lbs. She is close to desirable body weight and consumes a total of 40 grams of protein/day. The most appropriate nutritional counseling would be to

increase protein intake.

The surface of the intestinal wall has mucosal folds, villi, and microvilli to

increase the surface area for absorption.

A pizza slice is being consumed by a hungry teen. The first actions of biting, chewing, and breaking up the slice into smaller particles is called

mastication.

The primary function of protein in the diet is to supply

material for growth and maintenance.

The process of digestion involves _____ and _____ actions.

mechanical, chemical

The sum total of all the chemical changes that an organism performs to maintain its life and produce energy is the result of

metabolism.

Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are

milk and margarine.

The most important source of riboflavin is

milk.

In cases of extreme starvation, the energy substrate most likely to be used as a last resort would be

muscle mass.

The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the _____ systems.

nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal

A deficiency of vitamin A may result in

night blindness.

Which of the following foods has the greatest caloric density?

nuts

Two organs that work with the small intestine in digestion are the

pancreas and liver.

Complementary proteins

provide higher quality protein when eaten together.

The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is

pyridoxine.

Metabolically active tissues in the body include Correct!

the heart, muscles, and intestine.

An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in

thiamin.

Basal metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone

thyroxine.

Two types of protein in the body are _____ protein and _____ protein.

tissue, plasma

The sum of basal metabolism, energy expended in physical activity, and thermic effect of food is known as

total energy requirement.