Midterm
The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from strong acid by
mucus
Which of the following conditions might result in the greatest catabolism?
multiple trauma with extensive organ damage
A protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach rather than in pancreatic secretions is
pepsin.
The rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestine that propel food along are called
peristalsis
Energy expenditure is increased by
physical exercise.
A means of absorption that occurs in the small intestine is
pinocytosis.
A meal consisting of country fried steak, carrots, and a baked potato with butter and sour cream would stimulate the hormone cholecystokinin because of the
presence of fat in the duodenum.
In the past, vitamin A content was listed in International Units (IU); it is now listed in
retinol equivalents
The vitamin that is destroyed by light is
riboflavin.
Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the
skin, liver, and kidney.
Resting energy expenditure is
slightly higher than basal energy expenditure.
A good food source of vitamin K is
spinach.
In the diet, the greatest proportion of indispensable amino acids is provided by
turkey.
Liver is a rich source of
vitamin A (retinol).
A nutrient that does not provide energy for the body is
vitamin.
When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be
weight gain.
Proteins from plant sources that are classified as incomplete include
wheat, peanuts, and corn.
A 65-year-old man's energy intake should focus on meals
with a lower caloric density and increased nutrient density.
The element that is contained in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids is
..nitrogen
Metabolic rate would increase with a body temperature of
101.2° F.
The liver and muscles store enough glycogen to last _____ hours.
12 to 48
After foods are eaten, they are converted into which of the following body fuels
fatty acids and glucose
The function of all B-complex vitamins is to
function as coenzymes.
Conversion of amino acids to glucose is called
gluconeogenesis.
The first source of stored energy to be used during a period of fasting is
glycogen.
Energy is lost from the body as
heat
An example of a gastric secretion is
hydrochloric acid
The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the
kilocalorie.
Ms. J. complains of gas and bloating along with abdominal pain, especially after drinking milk or eating ice cream or cheese. She may have
lactose intolerance.
The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is
absorption of water.
Dietary fiber is beneficial because it
adds bulk to feces.
The body's sources of stored energy include
adipose tissue.
Proteins are absorbed as
amino acids.
Of the following, the food with the highest quality protein is
an omelet with cheese, whole wheat toast, and orange juice.
The phase of metabolism that makes growth and repair possible is
anabolism.
Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as a(n)
antioxidant.
Phytochemicals act as
antioxidants and hormones.
Gas formation in the colon is the result of
bacterial action on undigested items.
The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called the
basal metabolic rate.
A good food source of niacin is
beef.
Spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes are good sources of
beta-carotene.
After absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the
blood system.
A food that begins chemical digestion in the mouth is
bread.
The best food source of folic acid is
broccoli.
In the mouth, protein foods are
broken up mechanically by chewing.
A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in
calcification of soft tissues.
The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals
calcium and phosphorus.
A food that is high in a macronutrient broken down by trypsin is
chicken.
After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the semifluid mass is called
chyme.
A protein that contains all indispensable amino acids in the correct proportion and ratio is called
complete.
Nutrient density means the
concentration of nutrients in a given amount of food.
Bile contains
emulsifiers.
The grams of high-quality protein required daily for an individual who weighs 170 lb and is close to ideal body weight would be _____ g.
61.8
Fever increases basal metabolic rate approximately _____ for each _____ rise.
7%, 1° F
The number of amino acids that are indispensable for human beings is
9.
The number of kilocalories from protein in a sandwich that contains 24 g protein is _____ kcal.
96
The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin
K.
In planning a vegetarian meal, an appropriate combination of complementary proteins would be
cornmeal tamales and beans.
Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as
illness.
Protein plays an important role in the body
in defense against disease and infection.
A client weighs 130 lbs. She is close to desirable body weight and consumes a total of 40 grams of protein/day. The most appropriate nutritional counseling would be to
increase protein intake.
The surface of the intestinal wall has mucosal folds, villi, and microvilli to
increase the surface area for absorption.
A pizza slice is being consumed by a hungry teen. The first actions of biting, chewing, and breaking up the slice into smaller particles is called
mastication.
The primary function of protein in the diet is to supply
material for growth and maintenance.
The process of digestion involves _____ and _____ actions.
mechanical, chemical
The sum total of all the chemical changes that an organism performs to maintain its life and produce energy is the result of
metabolism.
Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are
milk and margarine.
The most important source of riboflavin is
milk.
In cases of extreme starvation, the energy substrate most likely to be used as a last resort would be
muscle mass.
The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the _____ systems.
nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal
A deficiency of vitamin A may result in
night blindness.
Which of the following foods has the greatest caloric density?
nuts
Two organs that work with the small intestine in digestion are the
pancreas and liver.
Complementary proteins
provide higher quality protein when eaten together.
The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is
pyridoxine.
Metabolically active tissues in the body include Correct!
the heart, muscles, and intestine.
An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in
thiamin.
Basal metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone
thyroxine.
Two types of protein in the body are _____ protein and _____ protein.
tissue, plasma
The sum of basal metabolism, energy expended in physical activity, and thermic effect of food is known as
total energy requirement.