Anatomy Unit #1 Test
Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival
Ecrrine sweat glands
Are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat.
A nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body.
Axon
The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from
myoblasts
The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are
neurons
Which of the following of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?
protection of internal organs
In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for
vitamin D synthesis
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distention (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to
A control center
The hair matrix contains
A layer of basal cells
Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________.
A skeletal muscle only
Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum
Basale
Which of the following is a shared characteristic of hair and nails?
Both are made of dead epidermal cells that have been converted to keratin.
All of the following statements accurately compare two types of skin cells except
Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells detect touch stimuli.
C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ________.
Breaking down stored energy
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called
Differentiation
_____ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.
Carotene
The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are
Carotene and Melanin
Connective tissues is made of which three essential components?
Cells, ground substance, and protein fibers
_____ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.
Dendrite cells
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?
Dense regular connective tissue
A _____ is a region of skin that sends sensory information through a single pair of spinal nerves.
Dermatome
Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack
Differentiation
Perspiration from _____ sweat glands aids in thermoregulation by releasing heat from the body, whereas _____ sweat glands are active during emotional sweating and sexual activities.
Eccrine, apocrine
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is
Elastin
The terms "thick" and "thin" refer to the relative thickness of which of the following?
Epidermis
All of the following are cell types included in the epidermis except
Fibroblast
During the proliferative phase of wound-healing, _____ build new tissue by secreting _____ that takes the shape of the original tissue.
Fibroblasts, collagen
Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?
Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.
The_____ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the _____ gland releases its apical region and reforms.
Holocrine; apocrine
The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the
Hypothalamus
After sin injury, the body initiates a wound healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response?
Increased production of connective tissue
The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are
Keratinocytes
Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell?
Mitochondria
Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment?
Mucosa
What is the position of the body when it is in the "Normal anatomical position"?
None of the above
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.
Papillary
Fibrocartilage is found in
Pubic symphysis, intevertebral discs, menisci of the knee
Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?
Regional anatomy
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.
Reticular
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the
Skeletal system
If your instructor asked you to explain what causes goosebumps, which of the following would you likely say?
Smooth muscle called the arrector pili is attached to the hair and can contract to pull the hair upright, producing goosebumps.
Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?
Source of blood vessels in the epidermis
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it
Stores energy for use by body cells
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct?
Stratified columnar
Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the
Stratum corneum
The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes and dendritic cells is the
Stratum spinosum
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.
Sweat glands to increase their output
Each of the following is a function of the integument system except
Synthesis of vitamin C
In the stratum basale, which of the following specialized epithelial cells are sensitive to touch?
Tactile discs
If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?
The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response
Which of the following distinguishes the epidermis from the dermis?
The epidermis is epithelial tissue, whereas the dermis is connective tissue.
Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification?
The flat bones of the cranium
All of the following are true of the dermis, except __________.
The hypodermis is part of the dermis
Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-loss center?
The respiratory centers are stimulated
In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?
They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity
All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is
Vascularized
The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?
a hole
Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat?
adipose tissue
The merocrine sweat glands
all of the above
Yellow marrow has been identified as ________.
an area of fat storage
Sebaceous glands
are associated with hair follicles
Bedsores
are preventable by eliminating pressure points
In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili
are responsible for goose bumps
Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/ or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood brain barrier?
astrocytes
Why is cartilage slow to heal?
because it does not have a blood supply
Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation
beneath the periosteum
The skeletal system is made of
bones and cartilage
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?
calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved
In general, skin cancers
can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun
Which of the following can be found in areas of movement?
cartilage
The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n)
cell
Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?
childbirth
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?
columnar
The one matrix that surrounds the central canal of the osteon is arranged as
concentric lamellae
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________.
connective tissue
All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it
decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
Bone tissue can be described as ________.
dense, hard connective tissue
The type of intercellular attachment that anchors and stabilizes the cells and helps them resist stretching and twisting forces is the
desmosome
Which of the following is not a type of tissue
embryonic
An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin?
epidermis and dermis
Bones grow in length due to activity in the
epiphyseal plate
A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n)
exercise physiologist
The diaphysis contains
fat stores
One of the function of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function?
folic acid synthesis
Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis
hematopoiesis
Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably
hyaline cartilage
Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center?
hyponychium
Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones.
irregular
All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it
is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells?
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone?
lamellae
If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria?
langerhans cells
Long bones enable body movement by acting as a
lever
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton
long bone
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to
make blood cells
The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed
malignant melanoma
The heart is within the
mediastinum
In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. a. mesoderm b. mesenchyme c. ectoderm d. endoderm
mesenchyme
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________. a. coronal plane b. longitudinal plane c. midsagittal plane d. transverse plane
midsagittal plane
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an
organ
Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis
osteoblasts and osteocytes
The cells that secrete acids that dissolve bone matrix are
osteoclasts
In bone, the main cells are
osteocytes
The cells that serve as stem cells in bone tissue are
osteoprogenitor cells
Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells
osteoprogenitor cells
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
oxygen
An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed?
papillary dermis
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the
periosteum
Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as _____
short bones
Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels?
simple squamous
The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?
stratum basale
As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?
stratum corneum
Langerhans cells are commonly found in the
stratum spinosum
Collagen lends ________ to the skin.
structure
Metabolism can be defined as the
sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
The lumbar region is
superior to the popliteal region
Sesamoid bones are found embedded in
tendons
In dark-skinned individuals,
the melanosomes are larger
Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone?
trabeculae