Anatomy Unit #1 Test

Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?

All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival

Ecrrine sweat glands

Are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat.

A nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body.

Axon

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from

myoblasts

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are

neurons

Which of the following of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?

protection of internal organs

In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for

vitamin D synthesis

After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distention (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to

A control center

The hair matrix contains

A layer of basal cells

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________.

A skeletal muscle only

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum

Basale

Which of the following is a shared characteristic of hair and nails?

Both are made of dead epidermal cells that have been converted to keratin.

All of the following statements accurately compare two types of skin cells except

Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells detect touch stimuli.

C.J. is stuck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ________.

Breaking down stored energy

The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called

Differentiation

_____ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow.

Carotene

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

Carotene and Melanin

Connective tissues is made of which three essential components?

Cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

_____ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

Dendrite cells

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain?

Dense regular connective tissue

A _____ is a region of skin that sends sensory information through a single pair of spinal nerves.

Dermatome

Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack

Differentiation

Perspiration from _____ sweat glands aids in thermoregulation by releasing heat from the body, whereas _____ sweat glands are active during emotional sweating and sexual activities.

Eccrine, apocrine

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

Elastin

The terms "thick" and "thin" refer to the relative thickness of which of the following?

Epidermis

All of the following are cell types included in the epidermis except

Fibroblast

During the proliferative phase of wound-healing, _____ build new tissue by secreting _____ that takes the shape of the original tissue.

Fibroblasts, collagen

Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?

Formation of osteoid spreads out the osteoblasts that formed the ossification centers.

The_____ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the _____ gland releases its apical region and reforms.

Holocrine; apocrine

The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the

Hypothalamus

After sin injury, the body initiates a wound healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response?

Increased production of connective tissue

The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

Keratinocytes

Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell?

Mitochondria

Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment?

Mucosa

What is the position of the body when it is in the "Normal anatomical position"?

None of the above

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.

Papillary

Fibrocartilage is found in

Pubic symphysis, intevertebral discs, menisci of the knee

Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?

Regional anatomy

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

Reticular

The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the

Skeletal system

If your instructor asked you to explain what causes goosebumps, which of the following would you likely say?

Smooth muscle called the arrector pili is attached to the hair and can contract to pull the hair upright, producing goosebumps.

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?

Source of blood vessels in the epidermis

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it

Stores energy for use by body cells

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct?

Stratified columnar

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the

Stratum corneum

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes and dendritic cells is the

Stratum spinosum

Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.

Sweat glands to increase their output

Each of the following is a function of the integument system except

Synthesis of vitamin C

In the stratum basale, which of the following specialized epithelial cells are sensitive to touch?

Tactile discs

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red?

The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response

Which of the following distinguishes the epidermis from the dermis?

The epidermis is epithelial tissue, whereas the dermis is connective tissue.

Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification?

The flat bones of the cranium

All of the following are true of the dermis, except __________.

The hypodermis is part of the dermis

Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-loss center?

The respiratory centers are stimulated

In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?

They die in the calcified matrix that surrounds them and form the medullary cavity

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is

Vascularized

The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?

a hole

Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat?

adipose tissue

The merocrine sweat glands

all of the above

Yellow marrow has been identified as ________.

an area of fat storage

Sebaceous glands

are associated with hair follicles

Bedsores

are preventable by eliminating pressure points

In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili

are responsible for goose bumps

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/ or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood brain barrier?

astrocytes

Why is cartilage slow to heal?

because it does not have a blood supply

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation

beneath the periosteum

The skeletal system is made of

bones and cartilage

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?

calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved

In general, skin cancers

can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun

Which of the following can be found in areas of movement?

cartilage

The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n)

cell

Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive feedback loop?

childbirth

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?

columnar

The one matrix that surrounds the central canal of the osteon is arranged as

concentric lamellae

The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________.

connective tissue

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.

Bone tissue can be described as ________.

dense, hard connective tissue

The type of intercellular attachment that anchors and stabilizes the cells and helps them resist stretching and twisting forces is the

desmosome

Which of the following is not a type of tissue

embryonic

An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin?

epidermis and dermis

Bones grow in length due to activity in the

epiphyseal plate

A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This scientist is most likely a(n)

exercise physiologist

The diaphysis contains

fat stores

One of the function of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function?

folic acid synthesis

Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis

hematopoiesis

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably

hyaline cartilage

Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center?

hyponychium

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones.

irregular

All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it

is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.

Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells?

keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone?

lamellae

If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria?

langerhans cells

Long bones enable body movement by acting as a

lever

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton

long bone

Without red marrow, bones would not be able to

make blood cells

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed

malignant melanoma

The heart is within the

mediastinum

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. a. mesoderm b. mesenchyme c. ectoderm d. endoderm

mesenchyme

To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________. a. coronal plane b. longitudinal plane c. midsagittal plane d. transverse plane

midsagittal plane

A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an

organ

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis

osteoblasts and osteocytes

The cells that secrete acids that dissolve bone matrix are

osteoclasts

In bone, the main cells are

osteocytes

The cells that serve as stem cells in bone tissue are

osteoprogenitor cells

Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells

osteoprogenitor cells

Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.

oxygen

An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed?

papillary dermis

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the

periosteum

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as _____

short bones

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels?

simple squamous

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?

stratum corneum

Langerhans cells are commonly found in the

stratum spinosum

Collagen lends ________ to the skin.

structure

Metabolism can be defined as the

sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

The lumbar region is

superior to the popliteal region

Sesamoid bones are found embedded in

tendons

In dark-skinned individuals,

the melanosomes are larger

Which of the following are only found in cancellous bone?

trabeculae