Anatomy Unit 3 Chapters: 6-9

Match the name of the joint with its description on the right

Gomphosis: holds teeth in their sockets Suture: connects skull bones Syndesmosis: between radius and ulna

The most mobile type of synovial joint is the ______ joint

ball and socket

Condylar joints are ______ joints

biaxial

Perforating canals contain ______

blood vessels

In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______

blood vessels of bone

The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______

body

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______

canaliculi

Bones are joined by ______ in cartilaginous joints

cartilage

What internal openings are adjacent to pterygoid processes on the inferior view of the skull?

choanae

The most inferior portion of the vertebral column is the ______

coccyx

Which is an organic component of bone?

collagen fibers

An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of ______

compact bone

The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone

diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______

diaphysis

All synovial joints are_____ , meaning that they can freely move, though some are more mobile than others

diarthoses

Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as_____

diarthroses

A freely movable joint is a(n) ______

diarthrosis

_____occurs when the ankle joint is bent such that the superior surface of the foot and toes moves toward the leg.

dorsiflexion

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______

epiphysis

_____is the movement in an anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between the articulating bones.

extension

True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise

false

True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones

false

In endochondral ossification, the cartilage model is what type of cartilage?

hyaline cartilage

Regular weight bearing exercise will ______ bone mass

increase

Which is a syndesmosis?

interosseous membrane

Which of the following are categorized as a symphysis?

intervertebral discs

The articulation between the right and left parietal bones is formed by the ______

sagittal suture

Which suture lies along the midline of the cranium between the parietal bones?

sagittal suture

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones

short

A cavity or hollow space in a bone is called a _____

sinus

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ______ bone

spongy

An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a ______

synchondrosis

A _____ joint has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones

synovial

The joint capsule has an inner layer called the ______

synovial membrane

The feature circled on the image is the ______

temporomandibular joint

Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber

symphysis

Osteoprogenitor cells ______.

-are stem cells -produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast

Which are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

-axial skeleton -appendicular skeleton

Which are locations of synchondroses?

-between rib/sternum -epiphyseal plate

Functions of bone include ______

-blood cell formation -mineral storage -protection -support

Passageways or slit-like openings through bones are called _____

-canals -foramina -fissures

Which are classified as synovial joints?

-glenohumeral -elbow -knee joint -temporomandibular

Which are classified as a ball-and-socket joint?

-hip joint -glenohumeral joint

Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D?

-it aids in the calcification of bone. -it promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood.

Which statements describe an osteon?

-it contains a central canal -it is also called a Haversian system -it is microscopic -it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

-it contains no osteons -it contains lacunae and canaliculi -it contains parallel lamellae

Which statements characterize the periosteum?

-it covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone -it functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones -it helps to heal bone fractures -it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

-it is solid and relatively dense -it forms the external walls of a long bone

Which tissue types are found in bones?

-nervous tissue -osseous connective tissue -blood

Which components are part of the appendicular skeleton?

-pelvic girdle -pectoral girdle -upper limb -lower limb

Which statements characterize the effects of exercise on bones?

-regular weight-bearing exercise can increase total bone mass. -exercise increases the production of the hormones calcitonin. -exercise promotes bone remodeling.

Which statements characterize endochondral ossification?

-some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts -hyaline cartilage models form -cartilage calcifies during this process

Which are types of fibrous joints?

-sutures -syndesmoses -gomphoses

Long bones include ______

-the bones of the palm -the bones of the fingers -the bones of the toes -the thigh bones

Osteoprogenitor cells are located in ______

-the endosteum -the periosteum

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

-they maintain bone matrix -they reside in lacunae

Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?

-they secrete hydrochloric acid -they reabsorb bone matrix -they have ruffled borders -they are phagocytic

Place the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order

1. hyaline cartilage model develops. 2. periosteal bone collar forms. 3. primary ossification center appears. 4. secondary ossification centers appear. 5. epiphyseal plates become epiphyseal lines.

Match the type of joints on the left with their relative mobility on the right with 1 being least mobile and 5 being most mobile

1. plane 2. hinge 3. condylar 4. saddle 5. ball and socket

The appendicular skeleton consist of the bones of the _______ limbs and lower limbs, as well as the ______ and pelvic girdles.

1. upper 2. pectoral

Which is the most mobile joint?

Shoulder

Match the type of joint on the left with its description on the right

Synarthrosis: immobile joint Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint Diarthrosis: freely movable joint

True or false: Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint

True

A joint capsule is also called a(n) _____capsule

articular

The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______

back muscles

Along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are two scroll-shaped bones called inferior nasal ______

conchae

Example of ______ joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2 through 5, most commonly called the 'knuckles"

condylar

A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure of a bone is called a ______

condyle

Sutures are immovable joints forming the boundaries between the ______

cranial bones

A___joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue

fibrous

Bending your arm at the elbow is an example of ______

flexion

Bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of ______

flexion

When you raise your arm anteriorly, it is called ______ of the shoulder

flexion

When you put your hand on your forehead, you are feeling which bone?

frontal bone

The most anterior structure of the inferior view of the skull is the ________ palate.

hard

The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called _____ ossification

intramembranous

The place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a(n)

joint

The bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a(n) _____

joint cavity

The ______ foramen sits between the temporal and occipital bones in an inferior view of the skull

jugular

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______

long bone

The tibia and radius are classified as ______

long bones

The part of the mandible that forms the point of the chin is the ______

mental protuberance

There is a 'trade off' between ______ and ______ in every joint

mobility, stability

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?

organic components

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells are called ______

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called_____

osteocytes

Which are facial bones?

palatine and lacrimal bones

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______

periosteum

Osteoblasts function to ______

produce osteoid

Which is a function of bone?

protection of organs

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis

proximal

The ascending posterior regions of the mandible are known as the ______

rami

The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with bones called _____

ribs

A _____ is an immovable joint forming the boundary between cranial bones.

suture

The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a(n)

suture

A smooth, grooved, pulley-like articular process of a bone is called a(n) _____

trochlea

True or False: Bone markings on skeletal remains indicate where the soft tissue components once were

true

Which vitamin promotes collagen production?

vitamin C

Depressions and grooves on bones usually indicate ______

where blood vessels and nerves travel