Anatomy Unit 3 Chapters: 6-9
Match the name of the joint with its description on the right
Gomphosis: holds teeth in their sockets Suture: connects skull bones Syndesmosis: between radius and ulna
The most mobile type of synovial joint is the ______ joint
ball and socket
Condylar joints are ______ joints
biaxial
Perforating canals contain ______
blood vessels
In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______
blood vessels of bone
The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______
body
Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______
canaliculi
Bones are joined by ______ in cartilaginous joints
cartilage
What internal openings are adjacent to pterygoid processes on the inferior view of the skull?
choanae
The most inferior portion of the vertebral column is the ______
coccyx
Which is an organic component of bone?
collagen fibers
An osteon is the basic functional and structural microscopic unit of ______
compact bone
The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone
diaphysis
The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______
diaphysis
All synovial joints are_____ , meaning that they can freely move, though some are more mobile than others
diarthoses
Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as_____
diarthroses
A freely movable joint is a(n) ______
diarthrosis
_____occurs when the ankle joint is bent such that the superior surface of the foot and toes moves toward the leg.
dorsiflexion
The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______
epiphysis
_____is the movement in an anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between the articulating bones.
extension
True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise
false
True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones
false
In endochondral ossification, the cartilage model is what type of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
Regular weight bearing exercise will ______ bone mass
increase
Which is a syndesmosis?
interosseous membrane
Which of the following are categorized as a symphysis?
intervertebral discs
The articulation between the right and left parietal bones is formed by the ______
sagittal suture
Which suture lies along the midline of the cranium between the parietal bones?
sagittal suture
Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones
short
A cavity or hollow space in a bone is called a _____
sinus
Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ______ bone
spongy
An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a ______
synchondrosis
A _____ joint has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones
synovial
The joint capsule has an inner layer called the ______
synovial membrane
The feature circled on the image is the ______
temporomandibular joint
Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber
symphysis
Osteoprogenitor cells ______.
-are stem cells -produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast
Which are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
-axial skeleton -appendicular skeleton
Which are locations of synchondroses?
-between rib/sternum -epiphyseal plate
Functions of bone include ______
-blood cell formation -mineral storage -protection -support
Passageways or slit-like openings through bones are called _____
-canals -foramina -fissures
Which are classified as synovial joints?
-glenohumeral -elbow -knee joint -temporomandibular
Which are classified as a ball-and-socket joint?
-hip joint -glenohumeral joint
Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D?
-it aids in the calcification of bone. -it promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood.
Which statements describe an osteon?
-it contains a central canal -it is also called a Haversian system -it is microscopic -it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone
Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?
-it contains no osteons -it contains lacunae and canaliculi -it contains parallel lamellae
Which statements characterize the periosteum?
-it covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone -it functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones -it helps to heal bone fractures -it is composed of dense irregular connective tissue
Which statements correctly describe compact bone?
-it is solid and relatively dense -it forms the external walls of a long bone
Which tissue types are found in bones?
-nervous tissue -osseous connective tissue -blood
Which components are part of the appendicular skeleton?
-pelvic girdle -pectoral girdle -upper limb -lower limb
Which statements characterize the effects of exercise on bones?
-regular weight-bearing exercise can increase total bone mass. -exercise increases the production of the hormones calcitonin. -exercise promotes bone remodeling.
Which statements characterize endochondral ossification?
-some stem cells in the perichondrium become osteoblasts -hyaline cartilage models form -cartilage calcifies during this process
Which are types of fibrous joints?
-sutures -syndesmoses -gomphoses
Long bones include ______
-the bones of the palm -the bones of the fingers -the bones of the toes -the thigh bones
Osteoprogenitor cells are located in ______
-the endosteum -the periosteum
Which statements characterize osteocytes?
-they maintain bone matrix -they reside in lacunae
Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?
-they secrete hydrochloric acid -they reabsorb bone matrix -they have ruffled borders -they are phagocytic
Place the following steps of endochondral ossification in the correct order
1. hyaline cartilage model develops. 2. periosteal bone collar forms. 3. primary ossification center appears. 4. secondary ossification centers appear. 5. epiphyseal plates become epiphyseal lines.
Match the type of joints on the left with their relative mobility on the right with 1 being least mobile and 5 being most mobile
1. plane 2. hinge 3. condylar 4. saddle 5. ball and socket
The appendicular skeleton consist of the bones of the _______ limbs and lower limbs, as well as the ______ and pelvic girdles.
1. upper 2. pectoral
Which is the most mobile joint?
Shoulder
Match the type of joint on the left with its description on the right
Synarthrosis: immobile joint Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint Diarthrosis: freely movable joint
True or false: Bones are said to articulate with each other at a joint
True
A joint capsule is also called a(n) _____capsule
articular
The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______
back muscles
Along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are two scroll-shaped bones called inferior nasal ______
conchae
Example of ______ joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2 through 5, most commonly called the 'knuckles"
condylar
A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure of a bone is called a ______
condyle
Sutures are immovable joints forming the boundaries between the ______
cranial bones
A___joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular connective tissue
fibrous
Bending your arm at the elbow is an example of ______
flexion
Bending your fingers toward your palm to make a fist is an example of ______
flexion
When you raise your arm anteriorly, it is called ______ of the shoulder
flexion
When you put your hand on your forehead, you are feeling which bone?
frontal bone
The most anterior structure of the inferior view of the skull is the ________ palate.
hard
The type of ossification that is also referred to as dermal ossification, is called _____ ossification
intramembranous
The place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a(n)
joint
The bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a(n) _____
joint cavity
The ______ foramen sits between the temporal and occipital bones in an inferior view of the skull
jugular
Based on shape, the most common type of bone is the ______
long bone
The tibia and radius are classified as ______
long bones
The part of the mandible that forms the point of the chin is the ______
mental protuberance
There is a 'trade off' between ______ and ______ in every joint
mobility, stability
Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?
organic components
______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone
osteoclasts
Mature bone cells are called ______
osteocytes
When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called_____
osteocytes
Which are facial bones?
palatine and lacrimal bones
A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______
periosteum
Osteoblasts function to ______
produce osteoid
Which is a function of bone?
protection of organs
The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis
proximal
The ascending posterior regions of the mandible are known as the ______
rami
The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with bones called _____
ribs
A _____ is an immovable joint forming the boundary between cranial bones.
suture
The immobile joint between the bones of the skull is called a(n)
suture
A smooth, grooved, pulley-like articular process of a bone is called a(n) _____
trochlea
True or False: Bone markings on skeletal remains indicate where the soft tissue components once were
true
Which vitamin promotes collagen production?
vitamin C
Depressions and grooves on bones usually indicate ______
where blood vessels and nerves travel