Ancient Greece(Greece and Persia) Lesson 3

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

Darius |

- Darius | ruled Persia from 522BC-486BC reorganized the government to make it more efficient -He divided the government into satrapies or provinces -Each satrapy was ruled by a governor called a SATRAP(meaning defender of the kingdom)

Effects of Zoroastrianism

- Zoroastrian teachings and prayers and hymn(sacred songs) were written down in a holy book -Because of Zoroastrianism the Persians began to view their monarchy as a sacred institution or role -Persian Kings believed that they ruled by the power of Ahura Mazda and were responsible to him alone. -After Darius's rule ended the Persians continued to practice the monotheistic religion of Zoroastrianism for centuries -The religion has about 200,000 followers today. Most of them live in South Asia.

The Rise of the Persians(while Athens was developing)

-About the time that the government in Athens was undergoing political changes the PERSIANS were building a powerful empire in SOUTHWEST ASIA -Persia is now located in present day southwestern Iran

The Legend of Marathon

-According to Greek legend a young messenger raced 25 miles from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory -When the runner reached Athens he cried out victory and then collapsed and died from exhaustion -Today's marathon races are named after the famous run and are just over 26 miles(41.8km) long

Expansion of the Persian empire after Cyrus death

-After Cyrus, other Persian rulers continued to expand the empire -Their armies took over Egypt, western India, and lands northeast of Greece -From west to east the Persian Empire stretched a distance of 3,000 miles.

The Decline of the Persian Empire

-After its losses in Greece, Persia faced many challenges -The Persian army was no longer strong enough to defend the entire empire -Also the Persian people grew unhappy with their government. -The kings taxed the people heavily to pay for magnificent palaces and other luxuries -Members of the royal family disagreed about who should rule.

The development of the Persian Empire

-After settling in the highlands of Persia they came under the control of OTHER PEOPLES -Then after a few years a dynasty of kings united and brought the Persians together into a POWERFUL KINGDOM. -(500BC)Cyrus the Great a talented king built a strong Persian army and creating an empire that became the largest in the world

The Persians seek revenge(later known as battle at Thermopylae) Preparing for war

-After their defeat at Marathon, the Persians vowed revenge against the Athenians -In 480BC a new Persian king named Xerxes invaded Greece with about 200,000 troops and thousands of warships and supply vessels -The Greek city-states banded together to fight the Persians, King Leonidas of Sparta supplied the most soldiers -Themistocles(leader) of Athens directed the Greek naval forces and devised a battle plan

Decline of the Persians and Alexander the Great

-As Persia weakened it became open to outside invaders and attacks -In the 300s BC Persia could not resist the invasion of an army led by a young and powerful ruler named Alexander the Great -he Persian Empire ended, and a new Greek empire emerged that extended beyond even Persia's boundaries.

Greek revolt against Persian rule in Anatolia

-As a result of the conquests Cyrus the Great made for the Persian empire, the Persian empire already controlled the Greek cities in Anatolia -In 499BC these Greeks in Anatolia revolted against their Persian rulers -the Athenians sent warships to help the rebels but the Persians crushed the uprising -The Persian king Darius was angry that the Athenians interfered with the revolt -He decided to punish the mainland Greeks for meddling in his empire

What occurred in 400sBC and differences between Greece and Persia

-As the 400s BC began the Persians were ready to expand into Europe. -However they clashed with the Greeks that had colonies in the Mediterranean Sea -Persian and Greek civilizations, government, and culture were very different -While the Persians obeyed an all powerful king the Greeks believed that citizens should choose their own rulers and government

Persian empire(effects of large empire)

-As the Persian Empire expanded its increasing size made it more difficult to manage.

Battle of Plataea

-At Plataea northwest of Athens the Greek army again faced the Persians -In numbers, the two sides were evenly matched. -Each fielded a force of about 100,000 men -This time however the Greeks defeated the Persian army -Fighting continued as the Greeks went on the defensive to free the city-states in Anatolia from Persian rule -Peace between the Greek allies and the Persians did not come until 449BC

Roles of the Satraps(governors of provinces in ancient Persia)

-Collected taxes -judged legal cases -managed the police -recruited soldiers for the Persian army

The expansion of the Persian Empire(conquering lands and Cyrus)

-During 540sBC Persian troops swept into neighboring lands -They brought Mesopotamia, Syria, Canaan, and the GREEK city-states of Anatolia under Persian rule. -King Cyrus held his growing empire together by treating conquered people FAIRLY. -He allowed them to keep their own languages, religions, and laws. -Cyrus decided that the Jews exiled to Babylon would be allowed to return to their homeland.

Persian characteristics

-Early Persians were warriors and cattle herders from the Grasslands of central Asia.

Herodotus

-Father of history -gave description of the battle at Thermopylae

Battle of Marathon

-In 490BC Darius sent a fleet of 600 ships and an army to invade Greece -The Persians landed at Marathon which was a plain about 25 miles(40km) northeast of Athens. -The Persians waited in Marathon for several days they expected the Greeks to come to Marathon and fight them -The Athenians didn't cme forward and attack. The Athenians only had 10,000 troops while the Persians had 20,000 soldiers

Cyrus the Great

-In 500BC a talented king named Cyrus the Great built a strong Persian army -With that army he began CREATING an empire that became the largest in the ancient world. (CYRUS CREATED THE PERSIAN EMPIRE)

Persian Army

-Persia maintained a full time paid professional army -In contrast the Greek army consisted of citizens only called to serve in times of war while the Persian army was full time -the best fighters in the Persian army were the 10,000 soldiers who were trained to guard the king -The Persian army were known as immortals because when a member died another soldier immediately took its place

Spartans and Persians Thermopylae

-Persians supplied the invaders with food -Themistocles wanted to attack the Persian ships and cut off the armies supplies -To do this the Greeks had to stop the Persian army from reaching Athens -Sparta's king Leonidas led 7,000 soldiers into battle that lasted three days -The Spartans bravery at Thermopylae was much celebrated

The event caused by Darius anger with the Athenians

-The Battle at Marathon

Battle of Thermopylae

-The Greeks however couldn't stop the Persians at Thermopylae -A traitor showed the Persians a trail leading around the Greek line, allowing the Persians to attack from behind -Leonidas of Sparta soon realized that his Greek army would be surrounded Leonidas dismissed most of his troops -He and 300 Spartans remained and fought to the death.(To prevent the Persians from traveling to Athens)

The introduction of Zoroastrianism

-The Persians at first worshipped many gods(polytheistic) -Then sometime in the 600s BC a religious teacher named Zoroaster preached and introduced a new monotheistic religion -Most Persians accepted this religion which was called Zoroastrianism

The Persians defeat at Salamis

-The Spartans courage at the battle of Thermopylae gave the Themistocles time to carry out his plan to attack Persian ships -The Athenian fleet of ships lured the Persian ships into the strait of Salamis -They thought this move would give them an advantage in battle -Themistocles believed that the heavy Persian ships would crowd together in the strait making them difficult to move

Greeks new Army

-The combined forces of the Greek city-states in 479BC formed their largest army yet -They had improved their fighting forces with better armor and weapons

The Royal Road

-To link their large empire and territory the Persians improved the network of roads begun from the Assyrians -The most important route, The Royal Road ran more than 1500miles(2400km) from Persian to Anatolia -Travelers could obtain food, water, and fresh horses at roadside stations along the route. -Using the Royal Road messengers cold travel from Persia to Anatolia in just 7 days, the same journey could have taken 3 months without the royal road

The Persians defeat at Salamis(2)

-Vigorous fighting took place between the two navies -The Greeks had fewer ships, but their boats were smaller and faster, and could outmaneuver the Persian ships. -The plan worked - The Greeks sank about 300 Persian ships and only lost 40 of their own ships -The Persian fleet was almost entirely destroyed. - Still, the Persian foot soldiers marched on to Athens. -Finding the city almost deserted, the Persians set it on fire.

Battle of Marathon (2)

-When their enemy(Athenians) refused to attack the Persians they decided to sail directly to Athens and attack it by sea. -The Persians began loading their ships with the strongest units cavalry(horses). -As soon as the Persian horseman were on the ships the Athenians charged down the hills and onto the plain of Marathon -The Athenians caught the Persian foot soldiers in the water out of formation -They were without any help of their cavalry -The Persians suffered a terrible defeat.

aspects of Zoroastrianism

-Zoroaster the individual who introduced the monotheistic religion taught that there was ONE supreme GOD -The deity or god was named Ahura Mazda(wise lord) -Ahura Mazda was the creator of all things and the leader of the forces of the good. -Zoroaster believed that evil existed in the world -People were free to choose between good and evil but at the end of time, goodness would be victorious.


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

chapter 13 monopolistic competition

View Set

Basics of Property and Casualty Insurance Questions (Unit 3)

View Set

Infosys - https://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/infosys-core-java-interview-questions.html

View Set

Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development (Chapter 8)

View Set

GOVT 2305 Chapter 4 Civil Liberties: Protecting Individual Rights

View Set