Angus Gre

elliptical

(S) Elliptical language has parts missing, so that it is sometimes difficult to understand. （語言等）省略的，晦澀的，隱晦的 having an oval shape 橢圓（形）的

resurrect

(S) to bring back something into use or existence that had disappeared or ended 重新使用；恢復；使重新流行 to bring someone back to life 使復活，使起死回生

gauge

(S) to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device （尤指用測量儀器）測量，計量，測算 to make a judgment about something, usually people's feelings 判定，判斷（通常指人的感受） a way of judging or showing something, especially how successful or popular something is （尤指對是否成功或受歡迎的）評判方法，判斷方法 (S)似： indicator

countermand

(S) to change an order that has already been given, especially by giving a new order 取消，撤回（命令）；重新發布（命令)

grouse

(S) to complain angrily 抱怨，發牢騷

castigate

(S) to criticize someone or something severely 嚴厲指責；斥責 似：chastise

savor/savour

(S) to enjoy food or an experience slowly, in order to enjoy it as much as possible 細品，享用（食物）

languish

(S) to exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation, often for a long time 受苦，經歷苦難，受煎熬 cf: languid 慢悠悠的

entrench

(S) to firmly establish something, especially an idea or a problem, so that it cannot be changed 使處於牢固地位，使根深柢固，牢固確立（尤指觀念、問題 似：ingrain

flout

(S) to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom 公然藐視，無視，違背（規定、法律或習俗）

outlandish, outlandishly, outlandishness

(S) 稀奇古怪的、難以接受的 outlandish clothes (adj.) strange, freakish, weird, foreign-looking; out-of-the-way, geographically remote; exceeding reasonable limits

vindication

(S) 聲明無罪（原本無罪） n. （對所受到的責難或嫌疑的）澄清，證實，辯護 proving right after prior doubt

perverse

(S) 走上邪路的、墮落的、邪惡的 strange and not what most people would expect or enjoy 有悖常理的；任性的

misprize

(S) 輕蔑 to despise, to undervalue

blithe/blithely

(S) 輕鬆無憂的、快樂的 cheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned

seclusion

(S) 隔離、隔離地 isolation from others, solitude 似：reclusive

dispel

(S) 驅散、消除 to remove fears, doubts, and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary 消除（恐懼）；掃除（疑慮）；打消（錯誤念頭)

irksome

(S) annoying 惱人的，令人厭煩的 記：errrr痾痾痾痾

obviate

(S) to remove a difficulty, especially so that action to deal with it becomes unnecessary 排除，消除；使無必要 syn: avert, forestall, head off, preclude, prevent, stave off

erratic

(adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected （動作、行爲等）不規則的，不確定的，無計劃的

astute

(adj.) shrewd, crafty, showing practical wisdom敏銳的、精明的

winning

(adj.) tending to please, charm, or delight friendly and charming and often making people like you 迷人的；可愛的 同：engaging that has won something 獲勝的；贏的

relentless

(adj.) unyielding, harsh, without pity continuing in a severe or extreme way 持續嚴厲的；持續強烈的

evanescent

(adj.) vanishing, soon passing away; light and airy 逐漸消失的、短暫的、迅速遺忘的

illustrious

(adj.) very famous, distinguished 著名的、顯赫的

overarching

(adj.) 包含所有的、支配一切的encompassing or overshadowing everything

evocative

(adj.) 喚起的、激起的 evoke

provident

(adj.) 有先見之明的、深謀遠慮的providing for future need, frugal [記法: pro前 vid看==前瞻]

ponderable

(adj.) 有重量的、有價值的、值得一想的 (ponder 重量) important enough to require a lot of thought

exiguous/exiguity

(adj.) 非常少的small in amount; minute

foretell

(adj.) 預測、預告to predict the future (不等於 forestall)

deviant/deviate

(adj.)(n.)越軌的、超出常軌的 (vi, vey, voy 道路==bon voyage一路順風) [記法: de離開 vi道路==離開道路==超乎常軌]

awry

(adj., adv.) in a turned or twisted position or direction; wrong, out of the right or hoped-for course 記：阿歪了 偏差的、走樣的

inimitable

(s) very unusual or of very high quality and therefore impossible to copy 無雙的，無與倫比的；無法模仿的 記：in無法 imitate模仿>無與倫比的

distress

(sS) a feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain 憂慮；悲傷；痛苦

heresy

(the act of having) an opinion or belief that is the opposite of or against what is the official or popular opinion, or an action that shows that you have no respect for the official opinion （信奉）異端邪說；（持有）反面觀點，悖論 a belief that is against the principles of a particular religion 信奉異教

wither

(to cause) to become weak and dry and decay （使）枯萎，（使）乾枯 to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker 萎縮；逐漸消失

forthright, forthrightly

(too) honest or direct in behaviour （過於）坦誠的，直率的；直截了當的

nullify

(v)使無效、廢棄

surmount

(v)克服、戰勝;sur(超越) + mount(山)

desalinize

(v)去鹽分;de(外) + sal(鹽分) + inize

propel

(v)推進、推;pro(前) + pel(推)

exterminate

(v.) destroy completely, as if down to the roots (syn.) eradicate, extirpate, rout out, uproot to kill all the animals or people in a particular place or of a particular type 根除；滅絕；消滅

deface

(v.) to injure or destroy the surface or appearance of; to damage the value, influence, or effect of; to face down, outshine 毀壞...的外貌、損壞

entail

(v.) to put a burden on, impose, require, involve; to restrict ownership of property by limiting inheritance; (n.) such a restriction to make something necessary, or to involve something 使必要；牽涉；伴隨

culminate (culmination, culminating)

(v.) to reach a high point of development; to end, climax culminate in/with sth If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point. 以...告終；達到...的頂點

convey

(v.) to transport; to transmit; to communicate, make known; to transfer ownership or title to 表達，傳達（思想、感情或想法）syn:impart to take or carry someone or something to a particular place 運送，運輸 syn:transfer

condole

(v.) 哀悼、同情 express sympathetic sorrow (dol痛==condolence弔唁、慰問)

adduce

(v.) 引用、舉例cite as evidence (duct, duc 引導)

impel

(v.) 推進，推動 Impel is mostly used for forcing someone using situations or words. The drought impelled the farmers to change crops.

self-consciousness; self-conscious; self-consciously

(容易被conscious混肴) a nervous or uncomfortable feeling when you are worried about what people think about you or your actions 局促不安；不自在

trenchant

(言辭）犀利的、鋒利的

salubrious

A salubrious place is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in. （地方）環境宜人且有益健康的，宜居的

routine

A series of activities performed regularly. 例行公事、成見

strident (adj) , stridently (adv) , stridence (n)

A strident sound is loud, unpleasant, and rough. 刺耳的，尖厲的 expressing or expressed in forceful language that does not try to avoid upsetting other people 措詞強硬的，咄咄逼人的 They are becoming increasingly strident in their criticism of government economic policy.他們對政府經濟政策的抨擊越來越猛烈 (真題錯的選項)

temperamental; temperamentally

A temperamental person is someone whose mood often changes very suddenly. 喜怒無常的 caused by your own character and feelings 氣質的；性情的；性格的

virulence, virulent

A virulent disease or poison is dangerous and spreads or affects people very quickly. 劇毒的；致命 full of hate and violent opposition 惡毒的，狠毒的

well-turned

A well-turned phrase is expressed in a clear and pleasing way. 清楚動聽的 expressed in an interesting and intelligent way 表達巧妙的

veiled

Veiled words or ways of behaving are not direct or expressed clearly. 不明言的；含蓄的；掩飾的

ordinance

a law or rule made by a government or authority 法令，法規；條令，條例

provincial

having opinions and ideas that are old-fashioned and simple 守舊的，偏狹的 in or from the parts of the country that are not the capital city 外省的，外地的

erudite, eruditely, erudition

having or containing a lot of knowledge that is known by very few people 博學的；有學問的；博大精深的 (n)the state of having or containing a lot of knowledge that is known by few people 博學，睿智

coterminous

having or meeting at a shared border or limit 有共同邊界的；毗鄰的 France is coterminous with Italy.法國和義大利接壤。

quixotic

having or showing ideas that are different and unusual but not practical or likely to succeed 不切實際的，異想天開的 overly idealistic; impractical

despotic; despotically

having unlimited power over other people, and often using it unfairly and cruelly 專制的

high-minded

having very high moral standards of behaviour 情操高尚的

dissimulation/dissimulate

he fact of trying to hide your real feelings, character, or intentions （對動機、感情、真相等的）掩蓋，掩飾

plagiarism; plagiarize

he process or practice of using another person's ideas or work and pretending that it is your own 剽竊，抄襲

pastime

hobby an activity that is done for enjoyment 消遣，娛樂

irredeemably

in a way that is impossible to correct, improve, or change 無法改正地；無法改進地；無法改變地 The writing itself was irredeemably bad.其文字本身就很糟糕，簡直無可救藥。

quaint/quaintly

in a way that is old-fashioned and now considered strange 過時地；奇怪地

ideologically; ideology

in a way that relates to ideology (= a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based) 意識形態上看，從意識形態的角度 a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based （尤指作為政治體制、政黨或政治組織基礎的）思想（體系），意識形態

indefatigable;indefatigably

in an always determined and energetic way, never willing to admit defeat 不倦地；不屈不撓地

brazen; brazenly; brazenness

in an obvious way, with no effort to hide something 毫不隱瞞地，明目張膽地

tidy;tidily

in an ordered way, with everything arranged in the right place 整齊地；整潔地，有條理地

by no means

in no way; not at all 一點都不

lest

in order to prevent any possibility that something will happen 以免，唯恐

pluralist; pluralistic

including or considering many different types of people, with different beliefs, opinions, and needs 多元性的，多元化的 多元主義者

sizable

large 大的，相當大的

lavish/lavishly

large in quantity and expensive or impressive 奢華的，豪華的 very generous 慷慨的，大方的 lavishness: 慷慨大方

grandiose

larger and containing more detail than necessary, or intended to seem important or great 誇大的，不切實際的；華而不實的

perennial

lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time 長期存在的；常年的；不斷發生的；反覆的

omnivorous

naturally able to eat both plants and meat 雜食性的 Pigs are omnivorous animals.豬是雜食動物。 enthusiastic and interested in many different areas of a subject 興趣廣泛的

strenuous/ strenuously

needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort or energy 費力的，費勁的；繁重的；耗費精力的 記：strength體力/力氣 ous多的 花很多力氣的

palpable

so obvious that it can easily be seen or known, or (of a feeling) so strong that it seems as if it can be touched or physically felt 可感知的，易察覺的；觸摸得到的

pushover

something that is easy to do or to win, or someone who is easily persuaded or influenced or defeated 易做的事；易被人說服（或影響、擊敗）的人

irregularities

something that is not correct or acceptable 違規；不合常規 (ex:政府) the fact that something does not happen at regular times 不定期；無規律

allusiveness/allusive/allusion

something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person 影射，暗指；典故

palliative

something that makes a problem seem less serious but does not solve the problem or make it disappear 權宜之計；緩衝劑；消極措施

disincentive

something that makes people not want to do something or not work hard 限制；起抑制作用的因素；遏制因素

bulkwark

something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations 保障 記：paul walker 在 furious裡面是有保障名額的

corollary (S)

something that results from something else 必然結果，直接的結果

(every) once in a while

sometimes but not often 有時；偶爾

syncretic, syncretism

the combining of different religions, cultures, or ideas; an instance of this （不同宗教信仰或哲學主張等的）匯合，調和，融合

virulence/ virulent

the danger and speed of spreading of a disease （疾病的）致命性，嚴重性 very strong feelings of hating or opposing something or someone 惡毒；狠毒

acquittal

the decision of a court that someone is not guilty 宣判無罪

influx

the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time 湧進；匯集

advent

the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving （事件、發明或人物的）出現，來臨，到來

costliness

the fact of being expensive or too expensive 昂貴

relentless/ relentlessness/ relentlessly

the fact of continuing in a cruel, severe, or extreme way 無情；嚴酷；不懈 relentless:continuing in a severe or extreme way 持續嚴厲的；持續強烈的

ineptitude

the fact of not being skilled or effective 無能；笨拙；無效

insensibility

the fact of not caring about something or being unwilling or unable to react to it 無感情；冷淡，漠然 the state of being unconscious 不省人事

obeisance

the fact of obeying or respecting someone, or something you do that expresses this 敬仰；恭敬；鞠躬，敬禮

timeliness

the fact or quality of happening at the best possible time or at the right time 適時；及時

culpability, culpableness, culprit

the fact that someone deserves to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad （因過錯而需應該受的）罪責，罪咎、責任 記：cultprit罪魁禍首

liability

the fact that someone is legally responsible for something （法律上對某事物的）責任，義務 liabilities [ plural ] debts 債務，負債 something or someone that causes you a lot of trouble, often when that thing or person should be helping you 麻煩，累贅

bifurcation

the fact that something is divided into two parts or the act of dividing something into two parts 分枝；分叉 （注意：分為二喔）

composure

the feeling of being calm, confident, and in control 鎮靜，沉著，泰然自若

culmination

the highest point of attainment; the end or climax 巔峰、高潮 The culmination of any dispute between states is war. 國家之間爭議的最高點就是戰爭。

economy

the intentional saving of money or, less commonly, the saving of time, energy, "words", etc. 節省；節約；節儉 She writes with such economy - I've never known a writer say so much in so few words.她惜墨如金——我從沒見過哪位作家能如此言簡意賅。

supremacy

the leading or controlling position 最高地位，至高無上 the position of being the best 最好，最佳

lineage

the members of a person's family who are directly related to that person and who lived a long time before him or her 血統；世系 似：pedigree, ancestry, genealogy progenitor: a person who first thinks of something and causes it to happen 先驅，前輩 Derivation: 起源、出處 記：line的age 考察很久

apogee

the most successful, popular, or powerful point （成功、流行、權力等的）頂峰，頂點，最高點

transit

the movement of goods or people from one place to another 運輸；輸送

coerce (v) , coercion (n), coercive (adj)

the use of force to persuade someone to do something that they are unwilling to do 強制，強迫；威逼，脅迫

camouflage

the use of leaves, branches, paints, and clothes for hiding soldiers or military equipment so that they cannot be seen against their surroundings （軍事）掩護，隱蔽，偽裝 he way that the colour or shape of an animal or plant appears to mix with its natural environment to prevent it from being seen by attackers （動植物的）保護色，保護形狀 注意：利用保護色的原理 隱藏 跟belie disguise不太一樣

nurture

the way in which children are treated as they are growing, especially as compared with the characteristics they are born with 教育，培養；（尤指）後天養育 to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to develop 養育，培育（尤指幼兒或植物）

query/queried

to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true or correct 提問；質問，懷疑

query, queries, queried

to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true or correct 提問；質問，懷疑 a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority 疑問，問題

offset

to balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result 補償；抵消；彌補

signify

to be a sign of something; to mean 表示；意味著 to make something known; to show 使知道；表明 to have importance or to matter 很重要，要緊

be in the nature of things

to be usual and expected 是正常的，是理所當然的

trump

to beat someone or something by doing or producing something better 打敗，贏 a card that belongs to the group of cards that has been chosen to have the highest value in a particular game （牌戲中的一張）王牌，將牌

stiffen

to become firm or more difficult to bend 變僵硬；變得不易彎曲 to become less relaxed and more formal 變生硬，變得拘謹 to become or make something stronger or more difficult 加強；（使）變得嚴厲；（使）變得艱難

reproach, reproachful

to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected （尤指因為某人沒成功或沒達到預期目標而）責備，責怪，批評

fulminate

to criticize strongly 嚴厲批評；譴責

point to/towards sth

to make it seem likely that a particular fact is true or that a particular event will happen 表明可能是；顯示...可能會發生

counteract

to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect v. 抵制; 抵消; 抵抗

palliate

to reduce pain without curing its cause 緩解痛苦（但無法治癒病因） to reduce the bad effects of something 減輕負面影響

gainsay

to refuse to accept something as the truth 否認；反駁；反對

spurn

to refuse to accept something or someone because you feel that thing or person is not worth having 輕蔑地拒絕；摒棄 to refuse with scorn, disdain

defy

to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc. 對抗；違抗；反抗

obliterate

to remove all signs of something, either by destroying it or by covering it so that it cannot be seen 徹底毀掉，抹去，覆蓋（使不留痕跡） The missile strike was devastating - the target was totally obliterated.這次導彈襲擊是毀滅性的——目標蕩然無存。 to make an idea or feeling disappear completely 忘卻，抹掉（想法或感情）

extirpate

to remove or destroy something completely 拔除；消滅；根除

extract/extraction

to remove or take out something 取出；拔出；提取

denude

to remove the covering of something, especially land 使（尤指土地）裸露，使光禿 to remove a valuable possession or quality 奪走，奪去

tumultuous

very loud, or full of confusion, change, or uncertainty 吵鬧的，喧嘩的；騷亂的，混亂的

nondescript

very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting features or qualities 平常的；平庸的；平淡無奇的

regal; regality; regally

very special and suitable for a king or queen 帝王的，國王的；莊嚴的

obloquy

very strong public criticism or blame 公開的嚴厲批評（或責駡）

esoteric

very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge 極不尋常的；只有少數人（尤指內行）才懂的；限於小圈子的

connotation

含蓄、言外之意 an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

saline

含鹽的、鹹的 of or containing common salt

taken up by

吸收

assimilate

吸收、同化 (v.) to absorb fully or make one's own; to adopt as one's own; to adapt fully

valediction

告別演說 farewell speech

admonish

告誡、警告 (v.) to caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty

prescription

命令、指示、規定 處方簽 a piece of paper written by a doctor that lets you get medicine at the pharmacy

showman

善於表演的人 a person who is good at entertaining people

penchant

喜好、嗜好 a strong attraction or inclination

fracas

喧鬧、吵鬧

forfeit

喪失、被罰沒收

derisive/deride/derision

嘲笑、嘲弄

aghast

嚇呆的、驚駭的 鬼：ghast = ghost (adj.) filled with amazement, disgust, fear, or terror

stern

嚴厲的 記：死瞪 strict

stringent

嚴厲的、（規定）嚴格的、缺殘的 (adj.) strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste

asperity

嚴酷，粗魯 asper:粗魯

reciprocate

回報、答謝to mutually take or give; to respond in kind

rebuff

回絕、果斷拒絕 記：回 巴餔拉 (v.) to snub; to repel, drive away; (n.) a curt rejection, a check

predicament

困境、窘境 a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation

beleaguered

困擾的、煩擾的、圍攻 harassed; besieged

obstinate

固執的、倔強的

enclosure

圍住、封入 the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

solidairty

團結 union of interests, sympathies, and responsibilities

erode

在文章大多是削弱的意思

subterranean

地下的 underground

terrestrial

地球的、陸地的 relating to the land

homogeneous

均勻、 同質

avow

坦率承認、公開表示 to declare openly

candor

坦白 honesty, frankness, forthrightness, unreserved

self-assertion

堅持己見、自信 Doing as one chooses rather than what others want

retaliation

報復 revenge

remuneration

報酬 money paid for work or a service

constrict

壓縮、束緊 To draw together or become smaller

imposing

壯觀的、宏偉的

ostensible

外表的、假裝的 stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so

semblance

外貌、相似 (n.) a likeness; an outward appearance; an apparition

superfluous

多餘的、累贅的 exceeding what is sufficient or required, excess

archbishop

大主教 a bishop of the highest rank

capitalize

大寫字母寫、利用 to take advantage of something; to make the most of something

apocalypse

大災難 (n.) - total devastation, the end of the world

consternation

大為吃驚、驚駭 feelings of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected

flabbergasted

大為驚駭、吃了大驚 (adj.) - astounded, stupefied

decimate

大量毀壞 to kill or destroy a large part of

flair

天賦、才華 （飛兒樂團）

affect

情感(n) the conscious emotion that occurs in reaction to a thought or experience

incubus（Ｓ級）

惡夢、夢魘般的精神壓力 (n.) a demon or evil spirit supposed to haunt human beings in their bedrooms at night; anything that oppresses or weighs upon one, like a nightmare

spiteful

惡意的、心懷叵測的 full of spite or malice; malicious; malevolent

villainous

惡棍的、邪惡的、惡毒的 wicked, evil

envision

想像、預想 (v.) to imagine; to foresee

contract

感染 收縮 簽合約 a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

dilatory

慢吞吞的、磨蹭的 (adj.) tending to delay or procrastinate, not prompt; intended to delay or postpone

glean

慢慢搜集、找尋 to gather bit by bit; to gather small quantities of grain left in a field by the reapers

Inertia

慣性、惰性

bounteous

慷慨的、豐富的 good and plentiful

melancholia

憂鬱症

abhor

憎恨 to regard with horror or loathing; to hate deeply

execrate

憎恨、詛咒 denounce or curse cf:excrete

animosity

憎惡、仇恨 strong dislike; bitter hostility

resent

憎惡、憤恨 記：re回、sent感情 to feel bitter or upset

compuction

懊悔、良心不安 Feeling of regret or remorse

compunction

懊悔、良心不安 remorse, regret

chagrin

懊惱、失望 記：cha(差)+grin(微笑) embarrassment; a complete loss of courage

indolence/indolent

懶惰、懶散 (印度人）

inert

懶惰的、行動遲鈍的

tactical

戰術上的 having to do with tactics especially naval or military tactics; marked tactics or deft maneuvering

aptitude

才能、資質 Capacity for learning; natural ability

facility

才能、資質、容易做好事的能力

grapple with

扭打 to struggle with

animadvert

批評、責難 記:anim（心智）ad（在） vert(轉) To pass criticism or censure.

transcribe

抄寫、謄寫 to write down or record; to translate

affliction

折磨、痛苦、災害 something that causes pain or suffering

torment

折磨、通捆 severe physical or mental suffering

assail

抨擊、猛攻 attack, assault

forsake

拋棄 discard=abandon (v.) to give up, renounce; to leave

invidious

招致不滿的、惹人不快的 offensive, hateful; tending to cause bitterness and resentment

impugn

指責、對...表示懷疑questioning or challenging

foment

挑起 to arouse or incite

excrete

排泄、分泌 to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body

foreclose

排除、取消抵押品的贖回權 to take possession of a property from a mortgagor because of defaults on payments

ensue

接下來、接繼 (v.) to follow in order, come immediately after and as a result

contiguous

接近的、接攘的 (adj.) side by side, touching; near; adjacent in time

surmise

推測、猜測、臆測

extenuate

掩飾、減輕罪過

delineate

描繪、描寫 (S) (v.) to portray, sketch, or describe in accurate and vivid detail; to represent pictorially

push far into the future

搁置到未来

wavering

搖擺不定、猶豫不決

repulse

擊退 驅逐 使厭惡 使反感

misgiving

擔憂 (n.) a feeling of fear, doubt, or uncertainty syn: distress

efface

擦掉、抹去

prevaricate

支吾其詞、說謊 記：pre(預先)+vari（變化） to lie or deviate from the truth

apostle

支持者、耶穌十二使徒 Pioneer of a reform movement (originally, an early follower of Jesus)

recant

改變、放棄（信仰或聲明）(v.) to withdraw a statement or belief to which one has previously been committed, renounce, retract

forgo

放棄、拋棄 (v.) to do without, abstain from, give up

incendiary

放火的、縱火的、縱火犯、燃燒彈

coup

政變 the violent overthrow of a government by a small group; a victorious accomplishment

Narrative

故事、敘述

emulate

效法、模仿 to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model

doctrinaire

教條的、迂腐的、脫離實際的 based on and following fixed beliefs rather than considering practical problems

exude

散發、流露 to give off; to emit; to radiate

emanate

散發、發出to come out from a source

animus

敵意 hostile feeling or intent; animosity; hostility; disposition

reproof

斥責、責備 an expression of blame or disapproval

asseverate

斷言 記：ass never ate to affirm earnestly and with emphasis

assert

斷言、主張 (v.) to declare or state as truth, maintain or defend, put forward forcefully

assertive

斷言的、肯定的 Acting with confidence and force; sure of one's self

dispense

施予、分配、免除

perspicious

明晰的、明瞭的 per(完全)spic(看)brilliantly clear

fallibility

易出錯、出錯性 (n.) the likelihood of making errors

gullible

易受欺騙的 easily deceived

suppleness

易彎曲、柔軟、柔順 flexibility

Irascrible

易怒的、暴躁的

primal

最初的、原始的original; dating from the beginning of existence

Defy v.s Deify

有i(愛)跟沒愛 Defy：违抗；蔑视 Deify：崇拜，把......奉为神明

riveting

有吸引力的、引人入勝的 似：engrossing, enthralling 記：rive(river)河濱公園很吸引人的 commanding full attention, fascinating

vinditive

有復仇心得、報復的 disposed to seek revenge; revengeful; spitful

Vindictive, Vindictively, Vindictiveness

有復仇心的、報復的 seeking revenge cf:vindicate, vindication 證明...無辜,無罪

bane, baneful

有毒、有害的 a source of harm or destruction; harmful, destructive

savvy

有見識的、精明能幹的 well-informed; sharp; experienced

flush

有錢的 臉紅的 flush with不合 to be in abundance; to drive out of hiding

gravitate

朝向

underutilized

未充分利用 To utilize less than fully or below the potential use.

Oriental

東方的 a term used to describe people with descent from Asia and the Middle East

proofread

校對、校勘 to read the text and mark corrections to be made

inveterate

根深柢固的 firmly established, long-standing; habitual

maxim

格言

terrance

梯田、陽台 a raised, flat mound of earth (dirt) that looks like a platform with sloping sides

flora

植物 ex:flora and fauna動植物 plants of a region or era

iniquitious

極不公正的、邪惡的grossly unfair and morally wrong

tact

機智、圓滑 skill in dealing with people in difficult situations

arbiter

權威人士 one who decides; a judge

guile

欺騙 deceit; trickery

duplicity

欺騙、口是心非

beguile

欺騙、哄騙 beguiling:欺騙的、迷人的 To deceive; to charm; to enchant

capers

歡躍；雀躍 to run and jump about in an energetic, happy way / 不法勾當；不同尋常的行為；可笑的活動 an illegal, unusual, or entertaining activity

astringent

止血的、收縮的 harsh; severe; a substance that tightens tissues

secede

正式脫離、退出 To leave or withdraw

matriarchy

母權制、母系社會 記：ma 媽媽 archy 統治 A society ruled or controlled by women

figurative

比喻的、象徵的using figures of speech; symbolic, not literal

odor

氣味 smell

deflated

氣餒的、洩氣的 brought low in spirit

denigrate

污衊、誹謗

conclusive

決定性的、確實的、最終的 serving to settle an issue; final

dejected

沮喪的、失望的 記：被人拋棄（ject） downcast or sad; depressed syn: dispirited ant: animated

dispatch

派遣、發送、（Ｓ）迅速、急件、 新聞報道 (v.) to send off or out for a purpose; to kill; (n.) an official message; promptness, speed; the act of killing 似：celerity

reflective

深思熟慮的、反射的 illustrating innermost thoughts and emotions; thoughtful

unruliness

混亂 (n) bad behavior; not controlled

flummoxed

混亂、困惑 bewildered or perplexed

mix up with

混淆、混亂 to think that one person or thing is another person or thing

ludicrous

滑稽的、荒唐可笑的 ridiculous, laughable, absurd

permeate/permeable

滲入、通過 v. to spread or flow throughout

deduce

演繹、推斷

oration

演說、演講 (n.) a public speech for a formal occasion

dampness

潮濕

exasperation

激怒、惱怒 exasperate

abuse

濫用、妄用、辱罵

mercenary

為金錢的、圖利的、貪財的

callous

無情的、硬結的emotionally hardened, unfeeling

omniscient

無所不知的 all-knowing

anarchy

無政府、政治混亂 (n) a lack of government and law; confusion

myraid

無數 in very great numbers

futile (adj) , futilely (adv) ,futileness (n)

無用的、無效的 useless, producing no result; hopeless, vain.abortive, barren . (My mother would never let me attend the party; arguing with her was futile.)

futility

無用的、無效的 uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result

intrepid

無畏的、剛毅的 very brave, fearless, unshakable

incontrovertible

無疑的、明白的

atheism

無神論 記：a(無)the(神) Belief that there is no god.

desultory

無計劃的、無目的的、不連貫的、散漫的jumping from one thing to another; disconnected

provocative

煽動的、挑釁的 (adj.) tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying (SS) causing thought about interesting subjects 引發思考的，啟發性的

partriarchal

父權的、家長的 記：papa爸爸 archal統治 a family that is headed by a male family member

frenzy

狂亂 wild fit

ecstatic

狂喜的、心花怒放的

devious

狡猾的、不正直的、彎曲的 (adj.) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhanded way

devour

狼吞虎嚥地吃、吃光 To eat up hungrily

petty

瑣碎的 (adj.) unimportant, trivial; narrow-minded; secondary in rank, minor

so much as

甚至於 even

beget

產生 to produce; to make happen

felicific

產生幸褔的、帶來幸福的 relating to or promoting increased happiness

cronyism

用人唯朋 記：cousin the practice of favoring one's friends, especially in political appointments

objurgate

申斥、痛罵 rebuke severely; scold

dissident

異議者、持不同意見者、唱反調者

remiss

疏忽的、不留心的

morbid

病態的、不健康的(adj.) in an unhealthy mental state, extremely gloomy; caused by or related to disease, unwholesome

meager

瘦的、粗劣的、不足的

belligerent

發動戰爭的、好逗得、好挑釁的 (adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war

abjure

發誓放棄、棄絕 to renounce, repudiate under oath; to avoid, shun

instigate

發起、煽動 記：inst （ＩＧ）gate（大門）煽動大家 (v.) to urge on; to stir up, provoke, start, incite－

oversee, oversaw, overseen

監督、監管某個人的工作或某項工作

supercilious

目中無人的、高傲的 proud and contemptuous; showing scorn because of a feeling of superiority

accredit

相信、認可 to authorize; to certify; to believe

sagacious

睿智的、聰敏的 wise; having keen perception and sound judgement

ephemerality/transient/transitory

短暫的、朝生暮死的

transient/transience

短暫的、轉瞬即逝的、一時的 記：轉身就走 (adj.) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n.) one who stays only a short time

fugitive

短暫的、逃犯

histronic

矯揉造作的、戲劇的 記：歷史上的人物都是矯揉造作的 overly dramatic, theatrical

petrify

石化、嚇呆 scare, frighten

sabotage

破壞、妨礙 (n.) an action taken to destroy something or to prevent it from working properly; (v.) to take such destructive action

iconoclasm

破壞偶像、顛覆Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship.

defamatory

破壞名譽的、誹謗的 (adj.) harmful toward another's reputation (The defamatory gossip spreading about the actor made the public less willing to see the actor's new movie.)

proscribe

禁止、剝奪...公權、放逐 to forbid; to outlaw

abstain

禁絕、放棄

exiguity

稀少性

As you sow, so shall you reap.

種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆

acclaim

稱讚 applaud; announce with great approval

eulogize

稱讚、讚揚 write or speak in praise of someone

equble

穩定的、不變的

precept

箴言、格言 a rule of conduct or action

succint

簡明扼要的 clearly and briefly stated; concise

concise/concision

簡明的 brief and to the point

vulgar

粗俗的、下流的、粗魯的 lacking refinement or taste; crude

boorish

粗野的、粗魯的 booooooo

punctilious

精密細心的、一絲不苟的 (adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety

canny

精明的、謹慎的 shrewd, careful

virtuosity (S)

精湛的技巧

despair

絕望 loss of hope a mood/sense of despair絕望的情緒／感覺 to feel despair about something or someone 絕望；失去希望 I despair at/over the policies of this government.我對該政府的政策感到極度失望。

S is anything but X

絕非Ｘ Life is anything but a dream

inflict

給予（打擊）、使遭受（損傷等） (v.) to give or cause something unpleasant, impose

exigent

緊急的、要求多的 記：exit 出口 urgent; requiring immediate action

mollify

緩和、減輕、使安靜 記：摸頭 to calm or make less severe

dwindle

縮小 diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength

truncate

縮短 to shorten

disarray

缺乏秩序、混亂 (n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder

diffident

缺乏自信的、懦怯的、羞怯的 shy, lacking self-confidence; modest, reserved

deflicit

缺點 shortage

blemish

缺點、玷污 記：斃了你》玷污、污點 an imperfection, flaw

egregious

缺點過分的、驚人的 outstandingly bad

byline

署名 the line that tells you who wrote an article

wond

習慣於、慣常於

old-timer

老前輩 an old man, or someone who has been or worked in a place for a long time

callus

老繭 area of thick hard skin

purport

聲稱、意旨飆漲 to claim; to have or to give the false impression of being

fecundity

肥沃、豐饒

amenable

肯順從的、願服從的 (adj.) willing to follow advice or authority, tractable, submissive; responsive; liable to be held responsible

apostasy

背教、脫黨、變節 The denial of God and the repudiation of faith

endorse

背書、贊同 approve; support

venal

能收買的 open to or marked by bribery or corruption

shackle

腳鐐 束縛 記：手銬的音

ad hoc

臨時安排的、特別安排的 (adj.) for this specific purpose; improvised; (adv.) with respect to this

muicipality

自治市、市政當局

self-deprecating

自貶的、自謙的

imperial

至尊的、帝王的 記：empire帝國

paramount

至高無上的、最重要的、主要的 chief in importance, above all others

elated

興高采烈的 in high spirits, jubilant; extremely pleased

stricture

苛評、非難 a restraint or limit syn: constraints; limitations

lucubration

苦心研究laborious study or thought, especially at night

lay outside

處理

mendacious/mendacity

虛偽的、欺騙的dishonest

bravado

虛張聲勢 false bravery

virtually

虛擬地、幾乎地 nearly, almost

nihilism

虛無主義、懷疑論

demeanor

行為舉止

evince

表明、顯示出 (v.) to display clearly, to make evident, to provoke

have yet to

表示一些事情至今尚未發生，這時yet等於代替了not的作用。 We have yet to see the effects of the new policy.我們至今仍沒有看到新政策的效果

perish

被摧毀、被瓦解、死亡 to be destroyed; die

devolve

被轉移、被移交 deputize; pass or be passed to others (power, work, or property); Ex. devolve on/upon/to

reparation

補償、賠償 a payment made for a wrong or an injury

Occidental

西方的（cid落下）

eschew

規避、避開

lionize

視為上賓、視為重要人物 記：獅子王辛巴為正面重要的人物 to assign great social importance to; to treat as a celebrity

ingratiating

討好的、諂媚的 Charming or flattering without sincerity

reprimand

訓斥、斥責、譴責 (v.) to scold; find fault with; (n.) a rebuke

facile

記法：臉 face 膚淺的、容易做的

hedonism/hedonist/hedonic

記：he do 綜藝大熱門 living and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself 享樂主義

jejune

記：一直在那邊啾啾 very simple or childish 簡單的；幼稚的，不成熟的 （Ｓ）boring and not interesting 沉悶乏味的

annotate

註解 Add brief notes to a diagram or graph

wile

詭計 trick

felicitous

話語得體的、適當的 (adj.) appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy

hyperbolize

誇大 to exaggerate

equate

認為...相等或效仿

vilify

誹謗、貶低

mordant (adj.), mordancy (n.), mordantly (adv.)

諷刺、嘲弄 (especially of humour) cruel and criticizing in a humorous way （尤指幽默）尖銳的，尖刻而又風趣的 記：摩登 現代

fallacious

謬誤的、欺騙的 false; misleading

cautious

謹慎的

circumspect

謹慎的

testimony

證詞、見證 a formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court of law.

attenuate

變薄、變弱

vicissitude

變遷 a change or variation; ups and downs

grandiloquence

豪言壯語、誇大之語 pompous speech or expression

voracious

貪婪的、狼吞虎嚥的 (adj.) having a huge appetite, greedy, ravenous; excessively eager

decry

責難、誹謗

aritocrat

貴族

demean

貶低、貶損 To cause a lowering of self-esteem; to lower in reputation or character.

disparage

貶抑、輕蔑

laborious

費勁的、耗費大量體力的 (adj.) not easy, requiring hard work; hardworking

penurious

超貧窮 extremely poor

hobble

蹣跚地走 To limp or move with difficulty

emollient

軟化劑、潤膚劑 a softener; a soothing cream; relaxing; soothing; softening

elegy

輓歌 a sad or mournful poem

credulous/ credulousness

輕信的 記：cred(信)lous(多....的)

indiscretion

輕率、不慎重 behavior or speech that is indiscreet or displays a lack of good judgment

levity

輕率、輕浮 lack of seriousness

peccadillo

輕罪、小過、小瑕疵 a small sin or fault

disdain

輕視、鄙視 (v.) to look upon with scorn; to refuse scornfully; (n.) a feeling of contempt

revile

辱罵、謾罵、痛斥 to attack with words, call bad names

meander

迂迴曲折、閒晃、漫步 (v.) to wander about, wind about; (n.) a sharp turn or twist

Has so far been; has thus far been; thus far

迄今為止

expeditious

迅速的、敏捷的 done with speed and efficiency

ingratiate

迎合、使得到...得歡心 (v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense)

circumvent

迴避、用計謀規避 記：circum(環繞)＋vent(來) 繞圈子>迴避 to get around; to bypass

inclusive

通稱的、包含所有的 containing all; not keeping any out

generic

通稱的、種類的 without a trademark; general

fabricated

造假的 made; concocted to deceive

obsequious

逢迎的、諂媚的 fawning

exert

運用（力量）

belabor

過分冗長地說或做、痛打 (v.) to work on excessively; to thrash soundly

mollycoddle

過分愛惜、嬌生慣養 pamper; coddle; baby; indulge excessively

inordinate

過度的、過分的 (adj.) far too great, exceeding reasonable limits, excessive

archaic

過時的、古老的 ancient; old-fashioned

plethora

過量、過剩=surfeit excess; overabundance

surfeit

過量、適度

infraction

違背、違法 a breaking of a law or obligation

contravene

違背（法規、習俗）

bypass

避開、迴避 (v.) avoid something unpleasant or laborious (syn.) circumvent

hedge fund

避險基金A private investment organization that employs risky strategies that often made huge profits for investors

maneuver

部隊調動、激動(n.) a planned movement; a skillful plan; a scheme; (v.) to perform or carry out such a planned movement

despise

鄙視、蔑視 look down on with contempt or disgust; loathe; regard as inferior

recipe

配方、食譜 ex:formula=pattern，所以选项中recipe=pattern，都有方法的意思。

heft

重量 記：heavy weight

blunt

鈍的

pliers

鉗子、鑷子 a tool used for gripping or bending objects

errant

錯誤的、去不正當地方的、遊歷的 mistaken; straying from the proper course

sedative

鎮靜劑、使安靜的、使鎮靜的

composed

鎮靜的 calm and self-possessed

unflappable

鎮靜的 having or showing calmness in a crisis

florescence

開花 condition or period of flowering

heed

關注、注意、考慮 heedless 掉以輕心的 to pay attention to

thwart

阻撓、阻礙 源自於twist

balk/baulk

阻礙、猶豫不前 to refuse stubbornly or abruptly; to stop short and refuse to go on

adjunct

附加物、復健、助手 something added, attached, or joined

bleaker

陰鬱的、慘澹無望的 記：bleach 死神 without hope or encouragement

impediment

障礙，記：pedal踏板 a barrier; obstruction

dissemble

隱藏、掩飾 (v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression

dissimulate

隱藏、掩飾 to hide or disguise one's true thoughts, feelings, or intentions

reclusive

隱遁的、隱居的 preferring to live in isolation

chic

雅緻的、時髦的 stylish, fashionable

employer vs employee

雇主 vs 僱員

implausible

難以置信的、不可能的

elusive

難以表述的、難懂的、逃避的、躲避的 difficult to find, catch, or achieve

quiescent

靜止的、沈默的 (adj.) inactive; at rest. Synonyms: still, inert, motionless, tranquil. Antonyms: active, thriving, bustling, volatile.

sublime

非常好的、超群的

diminutive

非常小的、極小的(adj.) small, smaller than most others of the same type

countenance/conuntencaced

面部表情、支持、贊同 Facial expression or face (n); approve or tolerate (v)

diminuendo

音樂（漸弱）gradually softer

forerunner

預示 precursor 先驱，预兆

prefigure

預示、預想be a sign of; foreshadow

prophetic/prophecy

預言 Foreseeing or predicting the future

territorial

領地的 adj. Pertaining to the domain over which a sovereign state exercises jurisdiction.

sober/ sobriety(n)

頭腦清醒的，未醉的、有節制的 （Ｓ）serious and calm 嚴肅的；冷靜的; Clothes or colours that are sober are plain and not bright. （衣物）簡樸的，色彩暗淡的 v. to become more calm and serious, or to make someone do this （使）變得冷靜；（使）變得嚴肅

clandestine

(S) 秘密的、暗中的 :surreptitious

parity

同等、類似、相同

comaraderie

同袍之誼

unforeseen

adj 未预料到的 not anticipated or predicted course, unexpected

overlook

(1)俯瞰、俯視 (2)個人沒有注意到，忽視、忽略什麼事情 (3)寬恕、不計較他人的過失

choreographed

(S) (adj.) - arranged, as in dance（舞蹈等）精心編排的 (of an event or course of action) planned very carefully （活動等）精心設計的

well-trodden

(S) (adj.) already done or discussed, and no longer necessary, interesting, or useful (v.) tread - step, trample tread-trod- much used or visited 用過多次的；常被參觀的[ before noun ] We followed the well-trodden tourist route from Paris to Chartres.我們沿著遊客常走的路線從巴黎去沙特爾。 used to refer to a set of actions that many people have done or a subject that many people have dealt with previously （一系列活動）多次做過的；（問題）多次探討過的

penitent

(S) (adj.) regretful for one's sins or mistakes. (n.) one who is sorry for wrongdoing showing that you are sorry for something you have done because you feel it was wrong 悔過的，懺悔的 a person who is performing a formal religious act to show that they are sorry for something they have done wrong 悔罪者，懺悔者

canned

(S) (adj.) used repeatedly with little or no variation; lacking freshness or originality syn: formulaic 寥無新意的(像罐頭一樣、像套公式一樣)

monopoly

(S) (an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share 壟斷（機構）；專賣；獨佔

absolve

(S) (especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something （尤指宗教或法律上）為（某人）解罪；赦免（某人）的罪；宣告（某人）無罪；免除（某人）的責任

aspersion

(S) (n.) a damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming 誹謗、詆毀 → cast aspersions on sb/sth formal 謠言中傷某人 cf:asperity 嚴酷

purview

(S) (n.) the range, extent, or scope of something; in law, the scope or limit of what is provided in a statute the limit of someone's responsibility, interest, or activity （責任、權益或活動的）範圍；許可權

atrophy (verb) (atrophied, atrophying, atrophies)

(S) (of a part of the body) to be reduced in size and therefore strength, or, more generally, to become weaker （身體部位）萎縮；衰退

gratuitous

(S) (of something such as bad behaviour) not necessary, or with no cause （不良行為等）不必要的，無謂的，無理由的 costing nothing 免費的，無償的

redolent

(adj.) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura 芳香的、回想起...的

facetious

(adj.) humorous, not meant seriously 輕浮的、好開玩笑的

outlandishly

(s) strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like 稀奇古怪的；不尋常的；難以接受的

primeval

ancient; existing at or from a very early time 原始的；早期的

outright

completely or immediately 徹底，完全；立刻；當場

affront

(S) (v)(n) a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone 侮辱；冒犯

hard-boiled

(S) A hard-boiled egg has been heated in its shell in boiling water until both the white and yellow parts are solid. （蛋）煮得老的 used to describe a strong and determined person who shows little emotion （人）冷酷的，不動感情的 記：水煮蛋煮老的 人無情地丟掉

permissive, permissiveness

(S) A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour that other people might disapprove of. 縱容的，放縱的 記：太多的permission就變成縱容了 syn: indulgent

submissive, submissiveness

(S) A submissive person allows themselves to be controlled by other people. 順從的，溫順的，聽話的

venal/ venality

(S) A venal person is willing to behave in a way that is not honest or moral in exchange for money. （人、行為）貪贓的，貪汙腐敗的，見利忘義的 (n) the state or quality of being venal (= willing to behave dishonestly in exchange for money) 腐敗，貪汙

clement

(S) Clement weather is pleasant or not severe. （指天氣）溫和的，宜人的 記ex:clement climate

peremptory (adj) , peremptorily (adv) , peremptoriness (n)

(S) expecting to be obeyed immediately and without asking questions 不容置辯的；專橫的，霸道的

hermetic; hermetically

(S) If a particular group is hermetic, the people who live within it don't often communicate with those who live outside it. （人群）與世隔絕的，不與外界往來的 (of a container) so tightly closed that no air can leave or enter （容器）密封的，不透氣的

impound

(S) If the police impound something that belongs to you, they take it away because you have broken the law. vt. 將...關起來; 扣押、沒收，監禁; 擱置， 保留; 蓄水

portentious

(S) Portentous events, statements, or signs are important because they show that something unpleasant is very likely to happen 預兆的，凶兆的 too serious and trying to be very important 自命不凡的，自大的；裝模作樣的

far-reaching

(S) Something far-reaching has a great influence on many people or things. 影響深遠的；波及廣泛的 比較far-fetched

reservation

(S) a doubt or feeling of not being able to agree with or accept something completely 存疑；保留意見；異議 似：doubt, misgiving（疑慮） He accepted my advice without reservation.他毫無保留地接受了我的建議。

minion

(S) a person who is not important and who has to do what another person of higher rank orders them to do 奴才；僕從 記：小小兵

battleground, battlefield

(S) a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought in the past 戰場，戰地

slur

(S) a remark that criticizes someone and is likely to have a harmful effect on their reputation 誹謗，詆毀 syn:aspertion to pronounce the sounds of a word in a way that is wrong or not clear 含糊地說，口齒不清地說

ideology

(S) a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based （尤指作為政治體制、政黨或政治組織基礎的）思想（體系），意識形態

pilferage

(S) a small amount of theft the act of stealing things of small value 小偷小摸行為 syn: appropriation

invention

(S) a story or excuse that is not true, or the act of creating a story or excuse that is not true 捏造，編造，虛構的故事= fiction something that has never been made before, or the process of creating something that has never been made before 發明，創造

germ

(S) a very small organism that causes disease 病菌；細菌 a small amount, usually one that develops into something large or important （通常指發展成為巨大或重要事物）的發端，發源，萌芽 He found the germ of an idea in an old newspaper.他的想法萌生於一份舊報紙。

unrelenting/ unrelentingly

(S) adj. extremely determined; never becoming weaker or admitting defeat 堅定不移的；不鬆懈的；不屈不撓的 adv. in a way that never becomes less or better 未緩解地；未改善地

dyspeptic

(S) always angry or easily annoyed 易怒的，脾氣壞的 having problems with digesting food 消化不良的

rapprochement

(S) an agreement reached by opposing groups or people （與敵對群體或敵對之人達成的）和睦，和解，恢復友好關係 syn: reconciliation

windfall

(S) an amount of money that you win or receive from someone unexpectedly 意外之財 a piece of fruit blown down from a tree 被風吹落的水果 記：風吹掉水果，就像意外之財

indignant

(S) angry because of something that is wrong or not fair 憤怒的，憤慨的

factitious

(S) artificial rather than natural 虛假的；人為的 syn: artificial, bogus, dummy, ersatz, fake, false, faux, imitation, imitative, man-made, mimic, mock, pretend, sham, simulated, substitute, synthetic

puerile

(S) behaving in a silly way, not like an adult 幼稚的，傻氣的

unscrupulous

(S) behaving in a way that is dishonest or unfair in order to get what you want 無道德原則的；不誠實的；不公正的；無恥的 反：scrupulous extremely honest 胸懷坦蕩的；審慎的；嚴格認真的 doing everything correctly and exactly as it should be done 嚴格的，嚴謹的，小心的

peculiar

(S) belonging to, relating to, or found in only particular people or things 獨特的，特有的 unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way 奇怪的，古怪的

anthropogenic

(S) caused by humans or their activities 由人類活動引起的，人為的

concrete

(S) clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt 確定的，確實的；具體的，有形的，實在的

contumely

(S) criticisms or insults that show a lack of respect 無禮；傲慢；侮辱；謾罵

cumulative

(S) cumulate(Verb) increasing by one addition after another 累積的；漸增的 syn: additive

vexatious

(S) difficult to deal with and causing a lot of anger, worry, or argument 令人惱火的，使人煩惱的；讓人傷腦筋的 vex: to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed, or upset 給...惹麻煩；使惱火，使煩惱

acquisitive

(S) eager to own and collect things （對財物）渴望得到的，迫切求取的；貪婪的 used to describe a company that buys other companies 收購的

labile

(S) easily broken down or changed, for example by heat 不穩定的 changing often or easily 易變的

integral

(S) essential to completeness : CONSTITUENT necessary and important as a part of a whole 基本的; 必須的 contained within something; not separate 內置的 lacking nothing essential : ENTIRE 完整的

widespread

(S) existing or happening in many places and/or among many people 廣泛的；普遍的；遍佈的 似：commonplace

colossal

(S) extremely large 巨大的，龐大的

predictable

(S) happening or behaving in a way that you expect and not unusual or interesting 意料之中的；墨守成規的，按老套辦事的 The ending to the film was just so predictable.這部電影的結局太老套了。 Something that is predictable happens in a way or at a time that you know about before it happens. 可預言的；可預計的，可預料的

solace

(S) help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried 安慰，撫慰，慰藉

incidental

(S) less important than the thing something is connected with or part of 偶然的;次要的；附帶的；伴隨的 syn: unwitting, ancillary

hedonist; hedonistic;

(S) living and behaving in ways that mean you have as much pleasure as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself 享樂主義的

falsehood

(S) lying 說謊 a lie or a statement that is not correct 謊言；謬誤

rousing

(S) making people feel excited and proud or ready to take action 激動人心的，鼓舞人心的；激勵人（行動）的

convulsion

(S) n. [醫]抽搐; 大笑; 震動;(S) 動亂 似:upheaval

corner

(S) n. 角，角落; 轉彎處; 角球 If a vehicle corners well, badly, etc., it drives around corners in the stated way. to force a person or an animal into a place or situation from which they cannot easily escape v. 轉彎; 壟斷; 將...逼入死角; 截住...與其說話

indistinct

(S) not clear 不清楚的，模糊的

piecemeal

(S) not done according to a plan but done at different times in different ways 一步一步的（地）；逐漸的（地）；逐個的（地）；零散的（地）

wanting

(S) not having something; lacking 缺少的，缺乏的

untrammelled

(S) not limited by rules or any other controlling influence not confined, limited, or impeded 不受限制的；自由自在的

multifarious

(S) of many different types 多種類的，各式各樣的

quotidian

(S) ordinary 平常的，普通的；日常的

unremarkable

(S) ordinary and not interesting 一般的，平常的，普通的 =commonplace

forbearing

(S) patient and forgiving 有耐心的；寬容的；克制的 似:tolerate; charitable; indulgent

engaging

(S) pleasant, attractive, and charming 令人愉快的；有吸引力的；迷人的

glowing

(S) praising with enthusiasm 熱烈讚揚的；熱情洋溢的 記：Coldplay: everglow

occult

(S) relating to magical powers and activities, such as those of witchcraft and astrology 神秘的；超自然的; 隱藏的 似：arcane 神秘的；秘密的；晦澀難懂的 mysterious

cerebral

(S) relating to the brain or the cerebrum 腦的，大腦的 demanding or involving careful thinking and mental effort rather than feelings 理智的；理性的 syn: intellectualism

importunate(adj)/ importune(v)

(S) repeatedly asking for something, in a forceful and annoying way 強求的；糾纏不休的 An importunate request or question is repeated and forceful in an annoying way. 再三要求的，沒完沒了的

melancholy/melancholic

(S) sadness that lasts for a long period of time, often without any obvious reason 憂鬱，憂傷 sad 憂鬱的，憂傷的

plastic

(S) soft enough to be changed into a new shape 可塑的，塑性的 (S) artificial or false 不真實的，不自然的，做作的 記：很塑膠 made of plastic 塑膠（製）的 ex:a plastic bag/box/cup塑膠袋／盒／杯

anathema

(S) something that is strongly disliked or disapproved of 令人討厭的事物

sunder

(S) sundered; sundering to break something apart 一分爲二，碎裂 似：disentangle

unrest

(S) syn: turmoil, ferment,

resilience

(S) the ability to be happy, successful, etc. again after something difficult or bad has happened 復原力；恢復力；平復心情 the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed 回彈，彈性

sangfroid

(S) the ability to stay calm in a difficult or dangerous situation 沈著，冷靜，鎮定

contrivance

(S) the act of contriving something 計謀；詭計；設計，發明 contrive:謀劃，策劃/ 設計；發明

glorification

(S) the act of describing something in a way that makes it seem better or more important than it really is 吹捧，吹噓，美化 the act of praising and honouring God or a person 贊美，頌揚，崇拜（上帝或人）

authoritarianism

(S) the belief that people must obey completely and not be allowed freedom to act as they wish 專制主義，獨裁主義

repercussion

(S) the effect that an action, event, or decision has on something, especially a bad effect （尤指壞的）影響，反響；惡果 adverse repercussion 不利的影響

simplicity

(S) the fact that something is easy to understand or do 簡單，簡易 EASY the fact that something is ordinary, traditional, or natural, and not complicated 天真；純樸 NATURAL the fact that something is plain and has no decoration 樸素，簡樸 PLAIN

mainstay

(S) the mainstay of sth the most important part of something, providing support for everything else ...的支柱；...的主要依靠

be vested in

(S) to belong to 賦予、屬於

transgress

(S) to break a law or moral rule 違背，違反（法律或道德準則）

relish

(S) to like or enjoy something 享受；喜歡 If you relish the idea or thought of something, you feel pleasure that it is going to happen. 期盼；憧憬；指望 a type of sauce that is eaten with food to add flavour to it 佐料；調味品

tinker; tinkering

(S) to make small changes to something, especially in an attempt to repair or improve it 小修;小補;擺弄 especially in the past, a person who travelled from place to place, repairing pans or other metal containers v. 做焊鍋匠( tinker的現在分詞 ); 焊補; 胡亂修補; 笨手笨腳地做某事

resign yourself to sth

(S) to make yourself accept something that you do not like because you cannot change it 聽任；順從；不得不接受 resign:to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving 辭職；辭去（職務）；放棄（工作) In the game of chess, you resign when you cannot see any way to avoid being beaten. （在西洋棋中，當看到沒有任何方法避免被擊敗時）放棄，投子認輸

inveigle

(S) to persuade someone to do something in a clever and dishonest way, when they do not want to do it 哄騙；誘騙

bristle

(S) to react angrily 生氣 a short, stiff hair, usually one of many 短而硬的毛；剛毛 (of hair) to stand up （毛髮等）直立

disgorge

(S) to release large amounts of liquid, gas, or other contents 大量排放（液體、氣體等物質） to send many people out of a place or vehicle at the same time （同時從某地點或車輛中）湧出（人） to force something up from the stomach and out through the mouth （從胃裡）吐出 to unwillingly release information or money 不情願地提供（資料）；被迫交出（金錢）

venture

(S) to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized 冒險去（或做）；冒昧地說 a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty （有風險的）企業；投機活動；商業冒險

parse/ parsing

(S) to separate a sentence into grammatical parts, such as subject, verb, etc. n. 分[剖]析，分解 v. 從語法上描述或分析（詞句等）( parse的現在分詞 )

permeate

(S) to spread through something and be present in every part of it 滲透；瀰漫；遍佈；充滿 pervasive Dissatisfaction with the government seems to have permeated every section of society.社會的每一個角落似乎都瀰漫著對政府的不滿。

arrest

(S) to stop or interrupt the development of something 阻止；抑制 to attract or catch someone's attention 引起（某人的注意）

undergird

(S) to support something by forming a strong base for it 在底部加固；形成...的基礎；加強，支撐

marginalize

(S) to treat someone or something as if they are not important 使邊緣化；忽視；排斥

invoke

(S) to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action 引用，借助（法律) to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation 求助於，借助於（尤指法律或神靈） to make someone have a particular feeling or remember something 喚起，引起，使記起

chary

(S) uncertain and frightened to take risks, or unwilling to take action 小心的，謹慎的；不願採取行動的

morose

(S) unhappy, annoyed, and unwilling to speak or smiler 記：悶rose>很陰鬱的 陰鬱的；脾氣不好的；孤僻的

restive

(S) unwilling to be controlled or be patient 難駕馭的，不受管束的；焦躁不安的

doubtless

(S) used to mean that you are certain that something will happen or is true 毫無疑問，毋庸置疑，肯定

far-fetched

(S) very unlikely to be true, and difficult to believe 牽強的；難以置信的

impersonal

(S) without human warmth; not friendly and without features that make people feel interested or involved (S)沒有人情味的，冷淡的 not referring to people or a particular person by name 非個人的 not existing as a person 不具人格的

has never been greater

(S) 前所未有的，極為迫切 The science community`s perennial lament over inadequate budgets has come to seem increasing _____, because government support for science and engineering has never been greater.

erratic, erratically

(S) 反覆無常的、古怪的 (adj.) not regular or consistent; different from what is ordinarily expected; undependable

abject

(S) 可憐的、卑下的 Lowly, miserable and wretched abject misery, poverty, failure, etc. the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc. 極其苦惱（赤貧，極度恐怖等）

unwieldy

(S) 同：awkward, clumsy, An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is heavy, large, or a strange shape. （物體因沈重、龐大或形狀奇特而）不靈便的，笨重的；難移動的 An unwieldy system is slow and not effective, usually because it is too big, badly organized, or involves too many different organizations or people. （因機構龐大或組織不善而）效率低下的，無效率的

respite

(S) 喘息、暫緩 a period of relief or rest a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant 暫停；暫時中止；暫時緩解

vitriol; vitriolic

(S) 尖酸、刻薄 cruel and bitter criticism 似：acrimonous

recede

(S) 後退、收回 ex:recede from awareness 不用思考 To move back or away from to move further away into the distance, or to become less clear or less bright 逐漸遠離；變得模糊，逐漸淡漠

trepidation

(S) 恐懼、惶恐 記：搓屁股 syn: apprehension

disperse, dispersal, dispersion

(S) 散播、擴散、分散

conversant

(S) 熟悉的；精通的 syn: versed

conviction

(S) 這個意思要記住 a strong opinion or belief 堅定的看法；堅定的信念；堅定的信仰 he fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty 定罪，判罪

unalloyed

(S)(especially of a positive feeling) not spoiled by any amount of negative feeling; pure （尤指積極的情感）純真的，純粹的 似：neat

terminal

(S)(of a disease or illness) leading gradually to death （疾病）晚期的，末期的 syn: fatal extreme, when referring to something unpleasant or negative 極其的，極度的 Causing or forming an end (S)終結的 syn: terminus, extremity, terminality a: occurring at or constituting the end of a period or series : CONCLUDING ex:the terminal moments of life b: not intended as preparation for further academic work ex: a terminal curriculum syn: concluding, final

unqualified

(S):absolute or complete not limited in any way; to the largest degree possible 無限制的；絕對的；最大程度的 An unqualified person does not have the qualifications needed for a particular job. 不合格的，不稱職的

learned

(S)A learned person has studied for a long time and has a lot of knowledge. 學識豐富的，知識淵博的 syn; erudite, omnipotent, encyclopedic notice:不等同於comprehensive(綜合的；包羅萬象的；詳盡的)

unpalatable

(S)An unpalatable fact or idea is unpleasant or shocking and therefore difficult to accept. （事實或想法）令人不快的，讓人難以接受的 Unpalatable food is unpleasant to taste or eat. （食物）難以下嚥的，不可口的

myth

(S)a commonly believed but false idea 普遍但卻錯誤的看法，無根據的觀念 神話

arbitrary

(S)based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason 任意的；隨機的；隨心所欲的 (S) using unlimited personal power without considering other people's wishes 專斷的；武斷的；霸道的

content

(S)pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement 滿意的；滿足的；知足的 the ideas that are contained in a piece of writing, a speech, or a film （文章、演講、電影等的）內容

totemic；emblematic

(S)representing a particular person, group, or idea 象徵的；可當標誌的 representative

discerning

(S)showing good judgment, especially about style and quality adj. 有識別力的; 有洞察力的; 眼光敏銳的 似：selective v. 看見( discern的現在分詞); 識別，辨明; 覺察出

materialize

(S)to become real or actual; to appear in physical form, especially suddenly (S)突然出現 syn: emerge If an idea or hope materializes, it becomes real. 實現，成為現實

misguided

(S)unreasonable or unsuitable because of being based on bad judgment or on wrong information or beliefs 被誤導的；被引入歧途的；判斷失誤的 syn: unwise:stupid and likely to cause problems 愚蠢的；不明智的；不審慎的

singular

(S)unusual or strange; not ordinary 特別的，奇特的 (SS)syn: anomalous 反常的 of an unusual quality or standard; noticeable 特別的；引人注意的

inadvertent

(S)不注意的、怠慢的 not intentional 非故意的，無意的

ignorant, ignorance, ignorantly

(S)別認成粗心 not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something 無知的，愚昧的 not polite or showing respect 無禮的，不敬的

belie

(S)掩飾、與...不一致 相似：mask 常出於對比的填充題 syn: (S)contradict, misrepresent(誤傳、不如實傳述)

abashed

(S)羞愧的；尷尬的 syn: embarrassed, ashamed, or nonplussed

provisional

(SS) (adj.) 臨時的、暫時性的conditional; temporary; tentative a provisional government 臨時政府 These dates are only provisional. 這些日期只是暫定的。

dispassionate

(SS) able to think clearly or make good decisions because of not being influenced by emotions 冷靜的，鎮靜的，沈著的

poignant

(SS) causing or having a very sharp feeling of sadness adj. 悲慘的; 辛酸的; 令人痛苦的；深深打動人的

disreputable

(SS) not trusted or respected; thought to have a bad character 不受信任的；名聲不佳的；不正經的 記：reputable

contingency

(SS) something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems or making further arrangements necessary 可能發生的事；意外事件、偶然性 contingent

dismantle

(SS) to get rid of a system or organization, usually over a period of time （逐漸地）廢除，取消；解散 to take a machine apart or to come apart into separate pieces 拆開，拆卸

sweep

(SS) to quickly spread through and influence an area 風行，風靡，迅速蔓延，迅速傳播 to move, especially quickly and powerfully （尤指快速有力地）移動，衝 to travel across all of an area, especially when looking for something （尤指為尋找某物而）橫掃，掠過 打掃，清掃，掃除 sweep noun (MOVEMENT) a movement, especially a quick, powerful one or one to search an area 掠過；掃過

faithful

(SS) true or not changing any of the details, facts, style, etc. of the original 如實的，絲毫不作改動的 ex: faithful reproduction 忠實地複製作品 people who are always loyal to a particular group or organization, especially a political party 忠實信徒；（尤指政黨的）忠誠支持者 following a particular religion 虔誠的 the people who believe in a particular religion 虔誠信眾，忠實信徒

riven

(SS) violently divided;schism 分裂的；四分五裂的 It was a community/nation/family riven by hatred.這是個由於仇恨變得四分五裂的社區／國家／家庭。

subversive

(adj.) intended to undermine or overthrow; (n.) one who advocates or attempts to undermine a political system 顛覆的、推翻的

ingenious

(SS) 不要背成：不聰明的 (of a person) very intelligent and skilful, or (of a thing) skilfully made or planned and involving new ideas and methods （人）靈巧的；（物品等）製作精巧的；（方法等）巧妙的

enervate (v) , enervation (n) , enervating(adj), enervatingly(adv)

(SS) 使失去活力、使衰弱 記：energy 被ate to weaken

cede

(SS) 割讓、放棄 to give up 似：relinquish 放棄；拒絕/ (不情願地）鬆開，放開，交出，讓予

compulsory

(SS) 強制性的、命令性的

unconscionable

(SS) 無節制的、過度的、非常糟的 Not guided by conscience; morally wrong, unjust, unreasonable 道德上不可接受的 morally unacceptable syn:reprehensible 記：conscience 良知

equanimity

(SS) 鎮定、沈著(n.) calmness, composure, refusal to panic

betray

(SS)to show feelings, thoughts, or a particular characteristic without intending to 暴露（想法）；流露（情感） to not be loyal to your country or a person, often by doing something harmful such as helping their enemies 背叛，出賣；對...不忠誠

mawkish

(SSS) (adj.) excessively and objectionably sentimental; having a mildly sickening flavor showing emotion or love in an awkward or silly way 無病呻吟的；多愁善感的 syn:sentimental

overwhelming

(SSS) difficult to fight against 難以抵擋的；無法抗拒的 She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened.她感到有一種抑制不住的衝動／慾望／需要想告訴別人所發生的事情。 syn:irresistible very great or very large 巨大的，極大的 She said how much she appreciated the overwhelming generosity of the public in responding to the appeal.對公眾為響應這個呼籲所表現出的極大慷慨，她發言表達了萬分感激

mixed

(SSS) showing a mixture of different feelings or opinions （感覺或觀點）不統一的，前後矛盾的、褒貶混雜的 同等於inconsistent including many different types of people or things （不同的人或物）混合的；混雜的

bulwark

(SSS) something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations n. 堡壘; 保障; 支柱; 舷牆

fungible

(Ss) adj. interchangeable 可取代的 easy to exchange or trade for something else of the same type and value 易於（與同類或同價物品）交換（或交易）的 syn: interchangable

omit

(Ss) to fail to include or do something 疏忽，遺漏；刪節，排除

entreat

(Ss) to try very hard to persuade someone to do something 懇求；乞求；請求

malign

(V)to say false and unpleasant things about someone, or to criticize someone unfairly 誹謗，污蔑，中傷 (adj)causing or intending to cause harm or evil 惡意的；邪惡的；有害的

humanitarian/ humanitarianism

(a person who is) involved in or connected with improving people's lives and reducing suffering 人道主義的；人道主義者 人道主義

sectarian

(a person) strongly supporting a particular religious group and not willing to accept other beliefs （人）派系的，教派性的，（尤指）排斥其他信仰的；有門戶之見的 sectarianism 宗派主義 He called on terrorists on both sides of the sectarian divide to end the cycle of violence.他呼籲存在派系分歧的雙方恐怖分子結束冤冤相報的暴力行爲

reverie

(a state of having) pleasant dream-like thoughts 幻想；夢想；白日夢

demotic

(a.) 大眾的，通俗的; ex.a more demotic way of speaking.

sequacious

(a.) 順從的，缺乏獨創性的 [記法]跟隨很多的

virtual

(adj) existing only in the mind or by means of a computer network; existing in results or in essence but not officially or in name 虛擬、幾乎

jauntiness/jaunty/jauntily

(adj)showing that you are happy and confident 輕鬆活潑的；喜氣洋洋的 (n)the quality of seeming happy and confident 輕鬆，活潑，歡快

preponderant

(adj)優勢的、壓倒性的

saliferous

(adj)含鹽的、產鹽的;sal(鹽) + i + fer(帶來) + ous

complaisant

(adj)彬彬有禮的、柔順的;[類]obliging

propitious

(adj)有利的、吉祥的;[類]favorable; auspicious

abrasive (adj) -abrasively (adv) -abrasiveness (n)

(adj)有研磨、磨蝕作用的 rude and unfriendly 生硬粗暴的；不友好的 abrasion the process of rubbing away the surface of something 磨損，磨耗；擦傷

bouncing

(adj)精力充沛的、健康的 very healthy and active ▪ a bouncing baby boy

chauvinistic

(adj. 沙文主義的,過分愛國的) fanatically patriotic

prolific

(adj.) abundantly productive; abundant, profuse producing a great number or amount of something 作品豐富的；多產的

vitriolic

(adj.) bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like a strong acid) 尖酸刻薄的

ungainly

(adj.) clumsy, awkward; unwieldy 笨拙的

genial

(adj.) cordial, pleasantly cheerful or warm 和藹的、親切的、友好的

atomized

(adj.) divided; fragmented; broken into discrete units; deprived of meaningful ties to others consisting of separate parts that do not have much contact with each other 分裂的，孤立的，（互不關聯而呈）原子化的 ex:In our increasingly atomized society, more and more people live alone.在我們這個日漸原子化的社會裡，越來越多的人獨自居住。 cf:isolated

oracle

(especially in ancient Greece) a female priest who gave people wise but often mysterious advice from a god, or the advice given 神諭；神使；（尤指古希臘的）女祭司； someone who knows a lot about a subject and can give good advice 行家，專家

absolve (S)

(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something （尤指宗教或法律上）為（某人）解罪；赦免（某人）的罪；宣告（某人）無罪；免除（某人）的責任

slipshod

(especially of a piece of work) showing little care, effort, or attention （尤指工作）馬虎的，不嚴謹的

foreordain; preordain

(especially of a power thought to be greater than ordinary people) to decide or fix what will happen in a way that cannot be changed or controlled （尤指超越凡人的力量）預先決定，預先規定，註定

preordain/ foreordain

(especially of a power thought to be greater than ordinary people) to decide or fix what will happen in a way that cannot be changed or controlled （尤指超越凡人的力量）預先決定，預先規定，註定

flighty

(especially of a woman) not responsible and likely to change activities, jobs, boyfriends, etc. often （尤指女子）輕浮的，不負責任的，反覆無常的 syn:capricious

nefarious

(especially of activities) morally bad （尤指活動）邪惡的，不道德的 syn: wicked, iniquitous, unethical, immoral

hegemony, hegemonic, hegemon

(especially of countries) the position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore able to control others （尤指國家的）霸權，支配權，領導權 hegemon:霸權國家

stop short of

(idiom) to almost do something but then decide not to do it If you stop short of doing or saying something, you decide not to do or say it although you almost do. 差一點（做或說）；險些（做或說） >>就是沒做但快做了 I stopped short of telling him the brutal truth.我差點把殘酷的真相告訴他。

rigor

(n)嚴格、嚴苛、精確;[類]severity

circumlocution

(n)迂迴累贅的陳述;circum(環繞) + locu(說) + tion

juvenescence

(n)返老還童、變年輕

taint

(n.) a stain or spot; a mark of corruption or dishonor; (v.) to stain or contaminate to spoil something, especially food or blood, by adding a harmful substance, or to spoil people's opinion of someone （通過添加有害物質而）污染（食品、血液等）；玷污，敗壞

imposter

(n.) a swindler, deceiver; one who uses a false name or character in order to cheat 冒充者、騙子

clannish

(n.) clan - group of people related by blood or marriage used to describe members of a group of people or society who are friendly to each other, but not to people outside the group 排外的；宗派的；小集團的

falsification

(n.) the act of rendering something false as by fraudulent changes or counterfeiting (syn.) falsehood

onset

(n.) the beginning, start (especially of something violent and destructive); an attack, assault the onset of sth the moment at which something unpleasant begins （指不愉快的事情）的開始，發作

facade

(n.) the front or face of a building; a surface appearance (as opposed to what may lie behind) 建築物的正面、虛偽的表面

anatomical

(n.) 解剖的、解剖學的 (tom切、割===atom)

welter

(n.) 雜亂無章 == turmoil; 似：turmoil (記法：wel(=vol轉)->混亂，雜亂) a confused multitude of things

warble

(of a bird) to sing pleasantly （鳥）囀鳴 to sing, especially in a high voice （尤指以高音）歌唱

sterile

(of a living being) unable to produce young, or (of land) unable to produce plants or crops （生物）不育的；（土地）貧瘠的，不長作物的 having no imagination, new ideas, or energy 缺乏想像力的；了無新意的；無生氣的 completely clean and free from dirt and bacteria 消過毒的，無菌的

waggish

(of a person) funny in a clever way 幽默的，詼諧的

seamy

(of a situation) unpleasant because of a connection with dishonest behaviour, violence, and illegal sex （情形）醜惡的，骯髒的 morally degraded, unpleasant

charged

(of arguments or subjects) causing strong feelings and differences of opinion or, more generally, filled with emotion or excitement （指爭論或話題）引起強烈感情的，氣氛緊張的，引起激烈爭執的；火藥味十足的 containing a particular type of energy, especially electrical energy 蘊藏能量的（尤指帶電的

highbrow

(of books, plays, etc.) involving serious and complicated or artistic ideas, or (of people) interested in serious and complicated subjects （書籍、戲劇等）嚴肅高雅的，高深複雜的；（人）對正統題材感興趣的

gregarious (adj) , gregariously (dv) , gregariousness (n)

(of people) liking to be with other people （人）愛交際的，不喜獨處的

sanguine

(of someone or someone's character) positive and hoping for good things 樂觀的，樂天的

fortuitous

(of something that is to your advantage) not planned, happening by chance （有利的事）偶然發生的，碰巧的

rodent

(reading考) any of various small mammals with large, sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats 嚙齒動物（如老鼠等）

impatient

1: a: not patient : restless or short of temper especially under irritation, delay, or opposition 沒有耐心,容易發火的 b: INTOLERANT: impatient of delay 不能容忍 2: prompted or marked by impatience an impatient reply （SS）3: eagerly desirous : ANXIOUS迫切的; impatient to get home (S)似：keen anxious

upend

1: to set or stand on end also : OVERTURN sense 1 顛覆 2:a: to affect to the point of being upset or flurried b: DEFEAT, BEAT 擊敗

not too...to

=never too... to... 不會太...以至於不能... ex:French is not too difficult for us to learn.对我们来说，法语并不太难学。

impregnable

A building or other place that is impregnable is so strongly built and/or defended that it cannot be entered by force. （建築或其他場所）堅不可摧的，固若金湯的 powerful and impossible to beat, especially in sport （尤指體育運動中）不可戰勝的

caustic

A caustic chemical burns or destroys things, especially anything made of living cells. 苛性的，腐蝕性的 A caustic remark or way of speaking is hurtful, critical, or intentionally unkind. （話語或說話方式）刻薄的，尖刻的，挖苦的

cogent (adj) , cogently (adv) , cogency (n)

A cogent argument, reason, etc. is clearly expressed and persuades people to believe it. （論據或理由）令人信服的，有說服力的，強而有力的

conditional

A conditional offer or agreement depends on something else being done. （提議或協定）有前提條件的 cf: circumstantial (尤指關於犯罪）間接的，按情況推測的

dazzling

A dazzling light is so bright that you cannot see for a short time after looking at it. （光線）刺眼的，耀眼的，眩目的 extremely attractive or exciting 光彩奪目的，靚麗的；令人眼花繚亂的 似：dizzy 蔡詩芸

decadent, decadence

A decadent person or group has low moral standards. （人或組織）腐朽的；頹廢的；墮落的

heritiable

A heritable disease or characteristic can be passed from a parent or grandparent to a child through the genes. 遺傳（疾病或特徵）

mannered

A mannered style of speech or behaviour is artificial, or intended to achieve a particular effect. 矯揉造作的，不自然的，做作的 似：affected used to describe a person with the behaviour or character of the stated type 性格...的，舉止...的（形容一個人具有某種指明的行為或特徵） I noticed how well-mannered her children were.我注意到她的小孩是多麼有禮貌。

phlegmatic

A phlegmatic person does not usually get emotional or excited about things. 冷靜的，沉著的，鎮定的

pliable

A pliable person is easily influenced and controlled by other people. （人）易受影響的，順從的 A pliable substance bends easily without breaking or cracking. （物質）易彎的，柔韌的

private

A private person does not like to talk about their personal feelings and thoughts. 不願吐露心思的；不愛交流思想的；內向的 Private thoughts and opinions are secret and not discussed with other people. 不公開的，秘密的 A private place is quiet and has no other people to see or hear you. （場所）清靜的，不受侵擾的

boycott

A refusal to buy or use goods and services. 抵制

idyllic/idyllically/idyll

An idyllic place or experience is extremely pleasant, beautiful, or peaceful. 田園詩般的，田園風光的，恬靜的 a very happy, peaceful, and simple situation or period of time, especially in the countryside, or a piece of music, literature, etc. that describes this （尤指鄉下）愉快恬淡的情景（或時期）；田園樂曲；田園詩

inaugural

An inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events. 首次的，初始的 An inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job. 就職的，就任的（演講

indelible, indelibly

An indelible mark or substance is impossible to remove by washing or in any other way. 洗不掉的；無法去除的 impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect. （記憶或行為）不可磨滅的，忘不掉的I

unwieldly

An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is heavy, large, or a strange shape. （物體因沈重、龐大或形狀奇特而）不靈便的，笨重的；難移動的 An unwieldy system is slow and not effective, usually because it is too big, badly organized, or involves too many different organizations or people. （因機構龐大或組織不善而）效率低下的，無效率的

So __ does the place of the tudors in British history now seem that it is salutary to remember just how unlikely were their beginnings and how fragile their survival. A. massive monolithic B. unique uncommon

Ans:A

The __ of human rhinovirus make them difficult to target to hit: .. different structure. A:diversity B:fickleness

Ans:A fickle:變幻莫測 : marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness

It has been argued that the extinction of megamammals, such as mammoth, had a ___ effect on certain species because megamammals were "keystone herbivore species": their disappearance __ natural process such as tree regeneration and shrub invasions of grassy glades, __ nonmigratory grazers that feed on growing grass and pasturage. A.delayed B.negative C.marginal D. exploited E.obscured F.stimulated G.intermixing H.disadvantaged I.attracting

Ans:BFH

brackish

Brackish water is salty, dirty, and unpleasant. （水）又鹹又髒的

mainifest

Clear or obvious to the eye or mind, to display or show by ones acts or appearance, demonstrate 明顯、顯示

Crabbed/crabby

Crabbed writing is written too closely together and therefore difficult to read. （字跡）潦草的，難認的 easily annoyed and complaining 壞脾氣的；易生氣的；好抱怨的

slyness, cunning

Cunning people are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose. 狡猾的，狡詐的 pretty and attractive 吸引人的，迷人的

irenic

Eirene和平的象徵 tending to promote peace or reconciliation; peaceful or conciliatory.

entrench/entrenched/entrenchment

Entrenched ideas are so fixed or have existed for so long that they cannot be changed. 牢固確立的；(觀念)根深柢固的；積重難返的

exorbitant (adj) , exorbitantly (adv)

Exorbitant prices, demands, etc. are much too large. （價格、要求等）過分的，過高的，離譜的

exorbitant/ exorbitantly/ exorbitance

Exorbitant prices, demands, etc. are much too large. （價格、要求等）過分的，過高的，離譜的

indict

If a law court or a grand jury indicts someone, it accuses them officially of a crime. 控告，告發；起訴

chatty

If a piece of writing is chatty, it is informal. （文章）很隨意的，閒聊式的 liking to talk a lot in a friendly, informal way 愛閒聊的；健談的

compelling

If a reason, argument, etc. is compelling, it makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong. （理由、論證等）令人信服的，很有說服力的 very exciting and interesting and making you want to watch or listen 引人入勝的；激動人心的；扣人心弦的

fruitless

If an action or attempt to do something is fruitless, it is unsuccessful or produces nothing of value. 無成果的；無效的 記：無水果的

poised

If an object or a part of your body is poised, it is completely still but ready to move at any moment. 平衡的；作好準備的，擺好姿勢的 ready to do a particular thing at any moment 準備就緒的 showing very calm and controlled behaviour 沉著的，泰然自若的

enviable

If someone is in an enviable situation, you wish you were also in that situation. 令人羡慕的

hardwired

If someone or something is hardwired to do a particular thing, they automatically do it and cannot change that behaviour. 本能的（指不可改變的） A computer or electronic device that is hardwired is built to work in a particular way and you cannot change the way it performs with new software, etc. 固線的（某些電腦或電子產品的程式和功能已固定，無法用新軟體變更）

reprehensible

If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable. 應受斥責的；應受指責的；不道德的

reprehensible reprehend

If someone's behaviour is reprehensible, it is extremely bad or unacceptable. 應受斥責的；應受指責的；不道德的 譴責

symptomatic

If something bad is symptomatic of something else, it is caused by the other thing and is proof that it exists. 表明...存在的，是...的徵兆的 showing symptoms of a particular disease 顯示症狀的 記：有symptom

treacherous

If the ground or sea is treacherous, it is extremely dangerous, especially because of bad weather conditions. （地面或大海尤因氣候惡劣）極端危險的，凶險的 A person who is treacherous deceives someone who trusts them, or has no loyalty. （人）不忠的，背信棄義的

emulsify

If two liquids emulsify or are emulsified, they combine and become a smooth mixture. （使）（液體）乳化

dogmatic

If you are dogmatic, you are certain that you are right and that everyone else is wrong. 武斷的；自以為是的；教條的 也就是斩钉截铁的下结论，且否定出他之外的结论

eclectic

Methods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or systems, rather than following a single system. 不拘一格的；相容並蓄的；博採眾長的

middle brow

Middlebrow music, literature, art, and films are of good quality, interesting, and often popular, but can be understood quite easily. （音樂、文學、藝術或電影）平庸的，品位一般的

middlebrow

Middlebrow music, literature, art, and films are of good quality, interesting, and often popular, but can be understood quite easily. （音樂、文學、藝術或電影）平庸的，品位一般的

stingy

Not generous with money, reluctant to spend or give 小氣的、吝嗇的

monarchist

君主主義擁護者 an advocate of the principles of monarchy

S is but X

S is merely X 僅僅 Life is but a dream

bitter

Someone who is bitter is angry and unhappy because they cannot forget bad things that happened in the past. 極為不滿的；怨恨的；無法釋懷的 A bitter experience causes deep pain or anger. 使人痛苦的；令人憤怒的 expressing a lot of hate and anger 充滿仇恨的；憤怒的；激烈的 with an unpleasantly sharp taste 苦的，有苦味的 Bitter weather is extremely cold, especially in a way that causes physical pain. （天氣）嚴寒的，刺骨的

flammable

Something that is flammable burns easily. 易燃

gripping

Something that is gripping is so interesting or exciting that it holds your attention completely. 引人入勝的，扣人心弦的，激動人心的

tantalize/ tantalizing/ tantalizingly

Something that is tantalizing causes desire and excitement in you, but is unlikely to provide a way of satisfying that desire. 逗引性的；挑逗性的

unpromising

Something that is unpromising does not show any signs that it will be enjoyable or successful. 前景不妙的；沒希望的

literal

The literal meaning of a word is its original, basic meaning. （意義）字面的，根本的 ex: literal translation字面上翻譯

wane

The moon wanes when it gradually appears less and less round, after the full moon. （月亮）開始形成殘月，虧缺 to become weaker in strength or influence 衰減；減弱

salient (adj) , saliently (adv) , salience (n)

The salient facts about something or qualities of something are the most important things about them 顯著的，突出的 (S) syn:prominent supremacy沒有那麼相近：the position of being the best 最好，最佳

incense

To infuriate; to make passionately angry 香、激怒

X is nothing if not Y

Y 就是 X

pretension

a claim or belief that you can succeed or that you are important or have serious value 自命，標榜；意圖；抱負 the act of trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are 做作，誇耀

groan

a complaining noise or phrase 抱怨聲，埋怨的話 a deep, long sound showing great pain or unhappiness （表示痛苦的）呻吟聲；（表示不高興的）哼哼聲，嘆息聲

hodgepodge

a confused mixture of different things 大雜燴

demise

a death, especially of a person in a lofty position 死亡、財產轉讓

dismissal

a decision that someone or something is not important 認為...不重要 the situation in which an employer officially makes someone leave their job 解僱，解聘

fissure

a deep, narrow crack in rock or the earth （岩石或土地的）裂縫，裂隙

specification

a detailed description of how something should be done, made, etc. 規格；規範；標準；明細單；詳細說明

disjunction

a difference or lack of connection between two things 分離；分裂

parley

a discussion between two groups of people, especially one that is intended to end an argument （尤指欲結束爭論的）和談，會談，談判 記：怕累>和好嗎？

schism

a division into two groups caused by a disagreement about ideas, especially in a religious organization （尤指教會的）分裂

disillusionment; disillusioned; disillusion

a feeling of being disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected 醒悟，理想破滅

anticipation

a feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future 期望，盼望 :hopefulness

collegiality

a friendly relationship between people who work together or do the same job （同事間的）融洽氣氛

accretion

a gradual increase or growth by the addition of new layers or parts 堆積，積聚；逐漸的增加，增大

assortment

a group of different types of something 各種各樣；混合；雜錦

amplitude

a large amount or wide range 廣闊，廣大；充足，豐富 the distance between the top and the bottom of a wave 幅度；振幅；波幅

parade

a large number of people walking or in vehicles, all going in the same direction, usually as part of a public celebration of something （慶祝）遊行 to show something in an obvious way in order to be admired 誇示，炫耀 on parade When soldiers are on parade, they march and practise military movements in front of important officials or as part of a public celebration or ceremony. 接受校閱

pedigree (S)

a list of the parents and other relations of an animal （動物的）純種系譜 a person's family history, education, and experience, or the history of an idea or activity （人的）家譜，門第，世系；（某一想法或活動的）起源，由來

screed

a long piece of writing, especially one that is boring or expresses an unreasonably strong opinion 冗長的文章

altercation

a loud argument or disagreement 爭辯；爭吵；口角 alternate(交換) 不斷交換意見>爭辯

fanfare

a loud, short piece of music played on brass instruments, often to announce something important （通常指宣佈重要人物到場的）號角齊鳴

vice

a moral fault or weakness in someone's character 墮落，邪惡；不良習氣，惡習 illegal and immoral activities, especially involving illegal sex, drugs, etc. （尤指與性或毒品有關的）罪行，道德敗壞行為 used as part of the title of particular positions. The person who holds one of these positions is next below in authority to the person who holds the full position and can act for them 副職的；副的

initiative

a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem 倡議；新措施 the ability to use your judgment to make decisions and do things without needing to be told what to do 主動性；自主決斷行事的能力 on your own initiative If you do something on your own initiative, you plan it and decide to do it yourself without anyone telling you what to do. 主動地 the initiative the power or opportunity to win an advantage 主動權

riot

a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled public meeting 暴亂；騷亂；聚衆鬧事 a very funny or entertaining occasion or person 非常有趣的人（或事物）；令人愉快的場合（或人）

beneficiary

a person or group who receives money, advantages, etc. as a result of something else 受益人 syn: recipient 注意不是給予的

harbinger

a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad （尤指壞事的）先兆，預兆

renegade

a person who has changed their feelings of support and duty from one political, religious, national, etc. group to a new one 叛徒；變節者；背叛者；叛教者

soothsayer

a person who is believed to have the ability to know and tell what will happen in the future 預言家，占卜者

scapegoat(n)/ scapegoating(n被找的)

a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done 代罪羔羊，代人受過的人 the act of blaming a person or group for something bad that has happened or that someone else has done 找替罪羊，找人受過

dilettante

a person who is or seems to be interested in a subject, but whose understanding of it is not very deep or serious 一知半解者；半吊子；業餘愛好者

pedant

a person who is too interested in formal rules and small details that are not important 書呆子，學究

skinflint

a person who is unwilling to spend money 吝嗇鬼，一毛不拔的人，鐵公雞

recluse

a person who lives alone and avoids going outside or talking to other people 隱居者；喜歡獨處的人

charlatan

a person who pretends to have skills or knowledge that they do not have, especially in medicine 冒充內行的人；騙子；（尤指）江湖醫生

recipient

a person who receives something 接受者；領受者；承受者

philistine

a person who refuses to see the beauty or the value of art or culture 對文化藝術無知的人；沒有文化修養的人

exponent

a person who supports an idea or belief or performs an activity （想法或信仰的）擁護者，鼓吹者；（某活動的）能手

blueprint

a photographic copy of an early plan for a building or machine n. 藍圖，設想; （基因）模型 an early plan or design that explains how something might be achieved 早期計劃；早期設計

disavow

否認、推翻 to deny responsibility for or connection with

shard

a piece of a broken glass, cup, container, or similar object （玻璃杯、茶杯、容器或類似物品的）碎片 Shards of glass have been cemented into the top of the wall to stop people climbing over.牆頭上用水泥黏著玻璃碎片，以防止人們翻牆過去。 syn:fragment

pastiche

a piece of art, music, literature, etc. that intentionally copies the style of someone else's work or is intentionally in various styles, or the practice of making art in either of these ways （藝術品、音樂、文學作品等的）模仿作品

puff/puffery

a piece of writing or speech that praises something too much 吹捧文字，吹捧的言論 a piece of food made of puff pastry filled with something sweet or with food such as cheese 記： 泡芙，鬆餅 to breathe fast and with difficulty, usually because you have been exercising 喘氣 to blow out in clouds, or make steam or smoke do this 吹，噴出，冒出 an act of smoking (v/n)吸煙，抽煙

lampoon

a piece of writing, a drawing, etc. that criticizes a famous person or a public organization in a humorous way, allowing their or its bad qualities to be seen and making them or it seem stupid 諷刺文章；諷刺漫畫

encomium

a piece of writing, speech, etc. that praises someone or something 贊詞，頌詞

backwater

a place that does not change because it is not influenced by new ideas or events that happen in other places 死氣沉沉的地方；閉塞的地方 a part of a river where the water does not flow 回水，滯水

vantage point

a place, especially a high place, that provides a good, clear view of an area （尤指較高的）有利地勢

benediction

a prayer asking God for help and protection for someone 向上帝祈福

recompense

a present given to someone to thank them for helping you, or payment given to someone because of slight problems or because of the loss of or damage to their property 酬謝；補償，賠償

pretext

a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real reason 藉口，托詞 記：pre先想好的 text文字

timbre

a quality of sound that makes voices or musical instruments sound different from each other 音質，音品，音色

cachet

a quality that marks someone or something as special and worth respect and admiration 聲望，聲譽；威信 This type of jacket used to have a certain cachet.這種夾克衫曾有一定的聲譽 syn: prestige

reference to

a quick look at a book, piece of paper, etc. in order to find information and help 參考，查閱 He made the whole speech without reference to the notes in front of him.他整場演講完全沒有參考自己面前的筆記 (S) a mention of something 提到；談到；論及 Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings.因為我知道發生了甚麽，所以就避開不談婚禮的事情。

cult

a religious group, often living together, whose beliefs are considered extreme or strange by many people 邪教；異教；異端 a particular system of religious belief 宗教膜拜，宗教信仰 someone or something that has become very popular with a particular group of people 風行；流行；崇拜 liked very much by a particular group of people 熱門的；流行的；被視爲偶像的

indictment/indict

a sign that a policy, system, society, etc. is bad or wrong 控訴；譴責 a formal statement of accusing someone 起訴書；公訴書

impasse

a situation in which progress is impossible, especially because the people involved cannot agree 絕境；僵局

maelstrom

a situation in which there is great confusion, violence, and destruction 大動亂；騷亂；極度混亂 an area of water that moves with a very strong circular movement and sucks in anything that goes past 大漩渦

reconciliation; reconcile

a situation in which two people or groups of people become friendly again after they have argued 和解；和好；修好 the process of making two opposite beliefs, ideas, or situations agree 調和；和諧；一致

ellipsis

a situation in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood （在句中省去一些詞語而不影響句義理解的）省略

capsule

a small container with medicine inside that you swallow 膠囊 the part of a spacecraft in which the people on it live 密封艙，太空艙

panal

a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment （選定的）專家小組

sophist; sophism

a specious reasoner a person who uses sophistry (= clever but untrue arguments) in order to deceive people 詭辯者 似是而非的論點

truism

a statement that is so obviously true that it is almost not worth saying 自明之理，不言而喻的話 記：true

dissent/dissenter

a strong difference of opinion on a particular subject, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief （尤指對正式建議、計劃或普遍看法的）不同意，異議 in sports such as football and rugby, the offence of disagreeing with a decision made by a referee 不服裁判

stigma/stigmatize

a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair 恥辱；（尤指不公正的）惡名

additive

a substance that is added to food in order to improve its taste or appearance or to keep it fresh and stop it from decaying （食品的）添加劑，添加物

incursion

a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border （尤指跨越邊境的）侵入，侵犯 an occasion when people suddenly involve themselves in another person's private situation （對他人私生活的）介入，侵犯

incursion (n) , incursive (adj)

a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border （尤指跨越邊境的）侵入，侵犯 an occasion when people suddenly involve themselves in another person's private situation （對他人私生活的）介入，侵犯

whim

a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained 突然的念頭，衝動

glut

a supply of something that is much greater than can be sold or is needed or wanted 供過於求，供應過盛

archetype/archetypal

a typical example of something, or the original model of something from which others are copied 原型；典型

nuance

a very slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound, etc. 記：六盎司 只有一點差別 （外表、意義、聲音等的）細微差別

contrition

a very sorry or guilty feeling about something bad you have done, or the act of showing that you feel like this 悔罪；悔恨

free-for-all

a violent situation or argument that a lot of people join in 不受控制的局面，人人均可爲所欲爲的情形，自由放任

referendum

a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question （就重大政治或社會問題進行的）全民公決，全民公投

pretense=pretence

a way of behaving that is intended to deceive people 假裝；偽稱；虛偽的表現

hedge

a way of protecting, controlling, or limiting something 保護（或控制、限制）手段 hedge fund 避險基金 to try to avoid giving an answer or taking any action 避免答覆，拐彎抹角，迴避 to limit something severely 嚴格限制

testament

a will that someone makes, saying what should be done with their money and property after they die 遺囑，遺言 proof 證明；驗證

temerity

a willingness to do or say something that shocks or upsets other people 魯莽；冒失 記：他媽的（很沒禮貌）

visible

able or likely to attract public attention and be noticed 顯眼的；引人注目的 able to be seen 可以看見的；可視的

practicable vs practical

able to be done or put into action 能實行的，可行的 跟practical不太一樣 實際的、可實施的

quantifiable

able to be measured 可度量的

resilience; resilient

able to quickly return to a previous good condition 有彈性的；能復原的；有復原力的；適應性強的

copious

abundant; plentiful 豐富的、多產的

palatable

acceptable 可以接受的，合乎趣味的 Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste. 美味的，可口的 反：unpalatable

grandstanding

acting or speaking in a way intended to attract the good opinion of other people who are watching （言行的）嘩眾取寵，炫耀賣弄

ministration

acts of helping or taking care of people or providing for tir needs 幫助；照料 (n.) assistance in time of difficulty (syn.) relief, succor

in fact, as a matter of fact

actually：通常是用在不完全同意對方的說法, 或對自己前面講的那句話做些修正的時候) 而In fact是對之前說的話作補充, 或是舉出例證強調時。 前後句子同方向 EX:The series of documentaries certainly does not promote the country`s recent diplomatic initiatives; in fact, some of the films appear to be _____ those initiatives. Acommendations of Breparations of Ctributes to Drationalizations of Edenunciations of Findictments of Ans: ef

ecumenical/ecumenism

adj. encouraging the different Christian Churches to unite 促進基督教（不同教派）大聯合的 adj. 一般的，普通的 n. the belief that different Christian Churches should unite （促進基督教不同教派大聯合的）普世教會主義 普世主義

unexampled

adj. having no example or parallel 前所未有的 novel; unprecedented

unsound

adj. 不健全的; 不穩固的; 無根據的; 腐爛的

inimical

adj. 不利的、有敵意的

indispensable

adj. 不可缺少的 == essential

impeachable

adj. 可指責的、可控告的

steadfast/ steadfastly

adj. 堅定的; 固定的; 不動搖的; 不變的

petulant

adj. 暴躁的、壞脾氣的 [類] peevish

impertinent

adj. 粗魯無禮的、不切題的、不中肯的 [類]insolent, impudent

corrupt

adj. 腐敗的，貪汙的; 不誠實的; 〈計〉有錯誤的 v. 使墮落，使腐化; 破壞

unfailing, unfailingly

adj.无穷无尽的，永恒的；可靠的，确实的 If a positive quality of someone's character is unfailing, it shows itself at all times. （個人的優良品質）經久不衰的，一貫的 ex:unfailing enthusiasm一貫的熱情

sweeping

affecting many things or people; large 影響廣泛的，大的

indulgent

allowing someone to have or do what they want, especially when this is not good for them 遷就的；縱容的；寛容的

disown

否認、脫離關係

ritualized

always done in the same way, or consisting of a set of fixed actions performed regularly （使）儀式化

on the ground

among the general public 在公眾中，在普通百姓中 在現場 / 當時情況

provocation

an action or statement that is intended to make someone angry 激怒；挑釁 （Ｓ）something that provokes, evokes, arouses, or stimulates 激起、引發（大多時候是負面的）

accommodation

an agreement between two groups who have different opinions on a subject, or the process of reaching an agreement like this 協議

sufficient/sufficiency

an amount of something that is enough, or the quality of being good enough 足量，充足 充分性

predator

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals 捕食性動物，(reading)食肉動物 someone who follows people in order to harm them or commit a crime against them 尾隨傷害他人者，尾隨作案者

mire; mired

an area of deep, wet, sticky earth 泥潭；沼澤；泥沼 an unpleasant situation that is difficult to escape 困境

rationalization

an attempt to find reasons for behaviour, decisions, etc., especially your own 合理解釋，理性解釋 the process of making a company, way of working, etc. more effective, usually by combining or stopping particular activities 優化；精簡；合理化

last-ditch

an effort or attempt that is made at the end of a series of failures to solve a problem, and is not expected to succeed 最後一招，最後一根救命稻草；孤注一擲

foe

an enemy 敵人

evangelist

an enthusiastic advocate a person who tries to persuade people to become Christians, often by travelling around and organizing religious meetings （基督教）佈道者，旅行傳道者

interpretation

an explanation or opinion of what something means 解釋，闡釋；理解

perquisite

an extra benefit or remuneration syn: perk 津貼、額外補貼

profusion

an extremely large amount of something 豐富，充沛，大量

fallacy

an idea that a lot of people think is true but is in fact false 謬見，謬論，謬誤

implication

an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly 含意；暗指，暗示[ + that ] She accused the party and, by implication, its leader too.她指責了該政黨，也含蓄地指責了該黨的領袖。 the effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future 可能的影響；可能的後果 What are the implications of the new law?這部新法意味著甚麼呢？ an occasion when you suggest or show that someone is involved in a crime 牽連，涉及 The case depended upon his implication of his co-workers in the fraud.這個案件取決於他能否指證他的同事參與了詐騙。

institute

an organization where people do a particular type of scientific, educational, or social work, or the buildings that it uses 研究所；學院 to start or cause a system, rule, legal action, etc. to exist 建立；制定；開始

tangle

an untidy mass of things that are not in a state of order, or a state of confusion or difficulty 糾結的一團；糾結；混亂 to become or form, or to make something into, an untidy mass 使混亂，使起糾紛

Despite being by repute so (i)__ , indeed famous for their skepticism, the news reporter now appear to hace become the most devout believers in the supposedly (ii)__ powers of this charlatan's tone. (i) hard-boiled heavy-handed dewy-eyed (ii) far-fetched trifling magical

ans:AD

The history of chemistry may not be the greatest adventure ever, but it is, nevertheless, and adventure, and one that ___ the dullness often associated with the history of the science a. belies b. disguises c. transcends d. contradicts e. conceals f. belittles

ans:AD

The scientific study of laughter faces a frustrating paradox: ideal experiment take place in rigidly controlled environment with all but the most salient variables are eliminated, but such sterile settings are often __ laughter. inimical to devoid of subverted by adverse to replete with rife with

ans:AD 只剩but the most salient varialbes 其他eliminated

As Corinna Treitel showed in her book, it is wrong to _______ the esoteric strains in German thought in the early decades of the twentieth century simply because they now seem laughable. Two Answers denounce extol debate commend dismiss ignore

ans:AE

the news he brought being good, the ___ with which she greeted it was unexpected a.dismay b.equanimity c.gratitude d.hostility e.alarm f.appreciation

ans:AE

It is an accepted assumption of the theater that every playwright has an unproduced play stuck away in a drawer somewhere. The same assumption holds that such plays are usually youthful efforts and that all urges to take them out of the drawer should be(i) ___ ,lest they bring (ii) ___ to the playwright and (iii) ___ to admirers. A.repressed B.encouraged C.qualified D.recompense E.embarrassment F.renown G.beguilement H.solace I.distress

ans:AEI

Harvard law professor Elizabeth Warren, a bankruptcy expert, has long argued that America's entrepreneurial spirit is (i)___ the practice, that we, as a society, treat risk takers (ii)___ when they fail. Reweighting the system in favor of creditors could diminish that spirit, she warns, and make it harder for entrepenuers to try agian after a failure. (i) fostered by masked by contradicted by (ii) harshly straightfowardly charitably

ans:AF

The book is impressively________, drawing from multiple disciplines and perspectives, and resting on diverse and extensive archival sources, autobiographies, published collections of letter, and works of history. Alearned Bprogressive Ccomprehensive Dconcise Esuccinct FErudite

ans:AF

Even mild criticism of public radio news reporting seems (i)__, because the (ii)approbation such programming regularly receives is well deserved: the reporting is (iii)perspicacious. In recent years, though, it has become clear that, for all its excellence, public radio will continue to lose viewers to its flashy but superficial rivals (i) A.sincere B.churlish C.facile

ans:B

While it is always clear that the author's message is heartfelt, it is mostly buried by shortcomings of style, organization, and production, although the book does become more _____ toward the end. Asincere Bintelligible Corthodox Dreadable Efrank Fvoluble

ans:BD

because the requerimiento, a formal statement in spanish that was read to indigenous people in Southwestern pueblos during the Coronado expedition was replete with concepts and terms that __ the pueblo world of that day, its audience likely found it __. A.poretended danger to B.lack equivalents in C. underscored divisions within D.inscrutable E.evenhanded F.auspicious

ans:BD

It remains a mystery how Theobroma cacao, which scholars believe originated in lowlan Amazonia, was introduced to tropical Mesoamerica. It must have been a (i)_____ process: cacao trees do not easily sprout from seed, need years to mature, and grow only in humid lowland forest. Moreover, in a tropical climate, cacao pods spoil quickly, rendering their transport from lowland Amazonia tropical Mesoamerica in a single journey by foot or canoe (ii)_____. Blank(i)clandestine protracted spontaneous Blank(ii)unlikely redundant expeditious

ans:BD B:need years to mature

Although (i)___ is arguably (ii)____ in all academic writing, each discipline has its own standards for how to convey meaning unambiguous. (i) A.originality B.intelligibility C.integrity (ii) D.indefinable E.essential F.fortuitous

ans:BE

Azarenka's description are not ____: they grow organically from the themes that aniamate her writings. derivative gratuitous sophomoric original arbitrary novel

ans:BE

byzantine

complicated and difficult to understand 錯綜複雜的 rules of byzantine complexity複雜難懂的規則

because video game users control their character's actions, the distinction between is not as __ in video games as it is in traditional media, where audience members simply witness character's actions. A.fluid B.salient C.fraught D.elusive E.palpable F.charged

ans:BE

he contemporary trend whereby fashion designers flout mainstream tradition is unique only in its (i)_____; earlier fashion designers experience the same (ii)_____ impulse, albeit in a less extreme form. Blank(i) subversiveness intensity culpability Blank(ii) indiscriminate iconoclastic temperate

ans:BE

When film adaptations of literary classics are lackluster it is often because they i)______ a certain ii) ______ to the cultural prestige of literature. The good ones, by contrast, succeed through the arrogant assumption that a great novel is not a iii) ______ artifact but rather a lump of interesting material to be shaped according to the filmmaker's will. Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii) invite hostility sacred display obeisance malleable eschew indifference generic

ans:BEG (iii)scared :considered too important to be changed 不容改變的，不可侵犯的

Because scientific breakthroughs tend to occur when a prevailing theory's predictions start to fail, scientists sometimes find it (i)_____ when a theory persists—as the standard model of particle physics has done—in making (ii)_____ predictions. Blank (i) productive frustrating surprsing Blank (ii) bold abstract correct

ans:BF

The efficacy of a placebo may not ___ deception: inert sugar pills have been shown to reduce the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome even in patients who were explicitly told they were receiving a placebo. A. justify B. preclude C. require D. mitigate E. circumvent

ans:C

As an essayist, Reed is an equal-opportunity combatant who pulls no punches. One strength in his approach is that this (i) can be disarmingly refreshing. On the downside, however, Reed sometimes surrenders too quickly to his more (ii) impulses. Blank (i) coy self-deprecation colloquial informality aggressive frankness Blank (ii) polemical ingratiating analytical

ans:CD

The nineteenth-century periodical The Farmer`s Wife positioned the farm woman as a consumer, as evidenced by its echoing the (i)____________ sensibilities of consumer-oriented magazines such as Ladies` Home Journal, but in reality the farm woman was often engaged in (ii)____________ as much as in consumption, planting and harvesting alongside other workers in the field. Blank(i) strict feminine acquisitive Blank(ii) production contemplation child rearing

ans:CD

Over the past hundred years, numerous experiments on elementary particles have_____ the classical paradigm of a causal deterministic universe by showing that some natural phenomena are truly random A augmented B supported Cupended Dinvestigated Eundermined Fprobed

ans:CE

Although it is quite probable that many small asteroids in the solar system`s asteroid belt have (i)______ , the total mass of these objects cannot be(ii) _______, since the combined gravitational pull of all known asteroids is (iii)______ to fully account for the asteroid belt's effect on the motion of nearby planets such as Mars. Blank(i) similar structures formed by accretion escaped detection Blank(ii) diminishing estimated substantial Blank(iii) sufficient unlikely required

ans:CFG

String theory is often claimed to be___ : we don't need to worry that it will be replaced by another theory. a.incomplete b.arcane c.controversial d.terminal e.provisional

ans:D terminal終結的 不會被取代

The series of documentaries certainly does not promote the country`s recent diplomatic initiatives; in fact, some of the films appear to be _____ those initiatives. A.commendations of B.reparations of C.tributes to D.rationalizations of E.denunciations of F.indictments of

ans:EF In fact 遞進 同方向

in framing old paintings, after the gilding comes a process that is freer and more like art: toning the gold and distressing it, so that the frame doesn't look new. Since verisimilitude is sought, the aim in adding apparent age to the new surface must be to (i) conceal the artiface, circumventing the human's eye adeptness at spotting anything that seems (ii)intentional. Different framers have different ways of (iii) the effect of chance. G.ignoring H.circumventing I. mimcking

ans:H

The author of the study of the world's best-selling but critically disparaged painter would no doubt say that the size of the artist's reputation (i)justifies the book on sociological grounds, and the author would also no doubt argue that critics are wrong to (ii)overlook middlebrow tastes. But there is a large dose of reverse snobbery threaded through the book, with its repeated claim that the painter's schmaltzy popular works are (iii)__ masterpieces in museums. G.rarely insipired by H.most inferior to I. often the equal of

ans:I

One radical approach to literary translation is to (i)____ creating a (ii)_____ reproduction of the original work and simply to compose a new work, but in a manner inspired by the older one. (i) despair of resign oneself to aim for (ii) poplular faithful dense

ans:ae

bone is a physically ____ tissue: it can change size and shape to meet the body's needs during the various stages of animal's life. a.rigid b.vulnerable c.active d.permeable e.lightweight

ans:c

hallmark

any mark or symbol of genuineness or high quality 特徵、特色

affected

artificial and not sincere 矯揉造作的，做作的，裝模作樣的；不自然的

ersatz

artificial; not genuine; fake used instead of something else, usually because the other thing is too expensive or rare artificial and not as good as the real thing or product （通常指因爲某物過於昂貴或稀有而以其他事物）代用的

at once

at the same time 當下、立刻

coterminously

at the same time as something else 同時地

quaint

attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned 別緻的；（尤指）古雅的 Quaint can also be used to show that you do not approve of something, especially an opinion, belief, or way of behaving, because it is strange or old-fashioned （觀點、信仰或行為方式）奇怪的，不合邏輯的，過時的

ascetic

avoiding physical pleasures and living a simple life, often for religious reasons （常指因宗教原因）苦行的，禁慾的，過清苦生活的

maladroit (adj) , maladroitly (adv) , maladroitness (n)

awkward in movement or unskilled in behaviour or action 不靈巧的，笨拙的；不熟練的 反：adroit

poised/poise

balanced, suspended; calm, controlled; ready for action 泰然自若的 If an object or a part of your body is poised, it is completely still but ready to move at any moment. 平衡的；作好準備的，擺好姿勢的

academic(S)

based on ideas and theories and not related to practical effects in real life 純理論的；和實際無關的 同：theoretical used to describe someone who is clever and enjoys studying 聰明好學的；學習好的 relating to schools, colleges, and universities, or connected with studying and thinking, not with practical skills 學校的；學院的；學術的

sensible

based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding 理智的；明智的 having an understanding of a situation 意識到的；知道的；覺察到的 反：insensible, unconscious(沒有無動於衷的意思) 失去知覺的 to not care about something or be unwilling to react to it 對...無動於衷

devoid

be devoid of sth to lack or be without something that is necessary or usual 缺乏，缺少

be subject to vs subject to

be subject to sth to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant 有；遭受，承受 Cars are subject to a high domestic tax.買汽車要繳很高的國內稅。 In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression.近年來，她一直飽受憂鬱症的折磨。 subject to sth only able to happen if something else happens 取決於，視...而定 (depend)

in the light of sth

because of 因為，鑒於

by virtue of

because of, thanks to, on account of 憑藉著

obsolescence/obsolescent

becoming obsolete 在逐步廢棄的；即將淘汰的；逐漸過時的

fledging

beginner; novice 雛鳥、幼鳥

indecorous

behaving badly or rudely 不得體的；不雅的；粗魯的

nonchalant

behaving in a calm manner, often in a way that suggests you are not interested or do not care 若無其事的；漠不關心的；毫不在乎的

rightly

behaving in a way that is suitable and acceptable 公正地；正當地；合情合理地

defiance

behaviour in which you refuse to obey someone or something 對抗；對立；違抗 、 蔑視

impropriety

behaviour that is dishonest, socially unacceptable, or unsuitable for a particular situation 不誠實的做法，不恰當的行為

crudity/crudeness

being rough, primitive 粗魯

devout(adj),devoutness(n), devoutly(adv)

believing strongly in a religion and obeying all its rules or principles 虔誠的，忠實於某宗教的 adv sincerely and strongly 真誠地，真摯地

restraint

calm and controlled behaviour 克制；平心靜氣；冷靜 something that limits the freedom of someone or something, or that prevents something from growing or increasing 阻止；抑制，遏制

unyielding

completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand, etc. 堅定的；不屈服的；固執的 反：yielding：Soft substances or qualities that are yielding can bend. 易彎曲的；柔性的

diametrically

completely; directly 完全地

foolhardy

brave in a silly way, taking unnecessary risks 有勇無謀的，莽撞的

callow/callowness

callow youth Someone, especially a young person, who is callow behaves in a way that shows they have little experience, confidence, or judgment. （尤指年輕人）幼稚的；不自信的；不諳世事的 似： naivety

Canny&uncanny&cunning

canny:聰明才智 uncanny:神秘的 cunning:狡猾的

exhaustive/exhaustively

complete and including everything 徹底的；詳盡的；全面的

mastery

complete control of something 完全的控制 If someone has a mastery of something, they are extremely skilled at it. 熟練，精通 (SS)syn:virtuosity

thoroughgoing

complete, detailed, careful 徹底的，完全的；仔細的

wearisome/wearisomely/weariness

causing a person to be tired and/or bored 使人疲倦的；令人厭倦的

detrimental

causing harm or damage 有危害的，有損害的 harmful; damaging

fraught

causing or having extreme worry or anxiety 令人極度憂慮的，十分擔心的 fraught with full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers 充滿（問題、危險等令人不快之物）的

unsettling

causing worry or anxiety 令人不安的，使人擔憂的 causing change 造成動盪的；擾亂的

pivotal

central and important 關鍵性的，核心的

unmitigated

complete, often describing something bad or unsuccessful that has no good or positive points （常指壞事或不成功的事）完全的，徹底的，十足的

inevitable

certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented 不可避免的；(S)必然發生的

happenstance

chance or a chance situation, especially one producing a good result （尤指出現好結果的）偶然情況，機遇 coincidence

sift

check and sort carefully to make a close examination of all the parts of something in order to find something or to separate what is useful from what is not 仔細檢查；篩查（過濾） 記：師傅會很仔細檢查 似：filter to put flour, sugar, etc. through a sieve (= wire net shaped like a bowl) to break up large pieces 篩（麵粉、糖等）

once and for all

completely and in a way that will finally solve a problem 徹底了結地；一勞永逸地

potable

clean and safe to drink 乾淨安全適宜飲用的

discrete

clearly separate or different in shape or form 獨立的，各自的，單獨的 (S) syn: independent, separate, discrete

half-formulated

coming into view, existence, or notice 新出现的 半成品的

sound

complete 全面的，透徹的 showing good judgment; able to be trusted 合理的，明智的；可靠的 not broken or damaged; healthy; in good condition 無損傷的；完好的；健康的，健全的 (of sleep) deep and peaceful 熟睡（的），酣睡（的）

bewildering

confusing and difficult to understand 令人困惑的；令人不知所措的 making you feel confused because you cannot decide what you want 使人困惑的

motley

consisting of many different types that do not appear to go together 混雜的；不同種類的

compact

consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way, using very little space 緊湊的；密實的；小巧的 a small car 小型汽車 a formal agreement between two or more people, organizations, or countries 合約；契約；協定 to press something together in a tight and solid way 壓縮；把...壓實；把...壓緊

encyclopedic/encyclopedia

containing a lot of information 信息量大的；知識淵博的 covering a large range of knowledge, often in great detail 百科全書似的；包羅萬象的；博學的

scholarly

containing a serious, detailed study of a subject 學術性的 a scholarly article/book/work/journal學術性文章／書／著作／刊物 A scholarly person studies a lot and knows a lot about what they study. 博學的，有學問的 a scholarly young woman博學的年輕女子

idiomatic, n. idiom, adv. idiomatically

containing or consisting of an idiom 習語的；成語的；包含慣用語的 containing expressions that are natural and correct （語言）自然地道的

chronic

continuing for a long time 長期的、慢性的

perpetuity (adj. perpetual)

continuing for ever in the same way 永久的，永恆的；長期的 often repeated 不斷重複的；永無休止的

inexorable

continuing without any possibility of being stopped 不可阻攔的、不可阻止的、堅決不變的

propriety

correct moral behaviour or actions （行為）端正，得體，合宜

fortitude

courage over a long period 勇氣，堅韌，剛毅

plucky

courageous; spunky(念起來都很像) brave 有勇氣的，有膽量的

verdant

covered with healthy green plants or grass 長滿綠色植物的；草木蒼翠的

invective

criticism that is very forceful, unkind, and often rude 辱駡，痛駡

scathing

criticizing someone or something in a severe and unkind way 嚴厲批評的，尖刻斥責的

oppressive

cruel and unfair 壓迫的；壓制的；暴虐的 causing people to feel worried and uncomfortable 令人焦躁的；令人壓抑的；令人煩惱的 If the weather or heat is oppressive, it is too hot and there is no wind. （天氣）悶熱的，令人窒息的

reckless (adj) , recklessly (adv), recklessness(n)

doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results 魯莽的；輕率的；不顧後果的

somber

dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit 陰鬱的、昏暗的

doom

death, destruction, or any very bad situation that cannot be avoided 死亡；毀滅；厄運 to make someone or something certain to do or experience something unpleasant, or to make something bad certain to happen 使註定；使必然發生

sly

deceiving people in a clever way in order to get what you want 狡猾的，狡詐的He's a sly old devil - I wouldn't trust him with my money.他是個老滑頭——我不會把錢交付給他的。 seeming to know secrets 詭秘的

brittle

delicate and easily broken 易碎的，脆的 frail unkind and unpleasant 不友好的；冷淡的 She gave a brittle laugh and turned away.她冷笑了一聲，轉身走了。 syn: sensitive, cold, perishable, mortal, transitory, evanscent

meritorious

deserving great praise 值得稱讚的 記：merit

functional

designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive 爲實用而設計的，實用的 functional clothing很實用的服裝 (WORKING NORMALLY) (of a machine, system, etc.) working in the usual way （機器、系統等）正常工作的

notwithstanding

despite the fact or thing mentioned 儘管（轉折）

thorough

detailed and careful 仔細的 complete, very great, or very much 徹頭徹尾的；完全的；十足的

resolved

determined 下定決心的；堅定的；堅決的

dissension, dissent

difference of opinion arguments and disagreement, especially in an organization, group, political party, etc. （尤指組織、團體、政黨等內部的）分歧，異議，爭議

unequal

different in size, level, amount, etc. （尺寸、水準、數量等）不相等的，不同的 not treating everyone the same; unfair 不公平的，不平等的 be unequal to sth formal to not have the necessary ability, power, or qualities to achieve something 對...不能勝任；對...力所不及

vexed

difficult to deal with and causing a lot of disagreement and argument 棘手的；傷腦筋的；引起爭議的 syn: contentious

obstreperous; obstreperousness

difficult to deal with and noisy 愛吵嚷的；喧鬧的；吵鬧不服管束的；難駕馭的

onerous

difficult to do or needing a lot of effort 繁重的；麻煩的；艱巨的 burdensome; heavy; hard to endure

recondite

difficult to understand; profound not known about by many people and difficult to understand 深奧的；玄妙的；晦澀的

stately

dignified, majestic formal, slow, and having a style and appearance that causes admiration 威嚴的；隆重的；氣宇不凡的

Cacophony

discordant, unpleasant noise 雜音、不和諧音

auspicious

favorable 吉祥的

withered (to wither)

dry and decaying 枯萎的；乾枯的

triteness

dullness in expression or content; lack of freshness and creativity 陳腔濫調 似：banality

unearned

earned or obtained without having been worked for 不勞而獲的

protean

easily and continuously changing 變化多端的，多變的

stark, starkness

empty, simple, or obvious, especially without decoration or anything that is not necessary 赤裸的；簡單的；明顯的；（尤指）毫無修飾的，粗陋的；嚴重的；極端的 completely or extremely 完全地；極端地 n. 嚴厲; 質樸無華; 嚴酷; 明顯（stark的名詞形式）

vibrant; vibrancy

energetic, exciting, and full of enthusiasm 活躍的；精力充沛的；熱情洋溢的 (of light or colour ) the quality of being bright and strong （色彩）鮮豔；（光線）明亮

glabrous

especially : having a surface without hairs or projections adj. 無毛的，光潔的

hubris

excessive pride or self-confidence 傲慢、自大、目中無人

inherent

existing as a natural or basic part of something 內在的；固有的，生來就有的

mythical vs mysterious

existing only in stories 神話的；只存在於神話中的 imaginary or not real 虛構的；杜撰出來的 (S)注意：mythical沒有難懂的意思喔!!

exclusive

expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class 昂貴的；高檔的；豪華的 limited to only one person or group of people 專用的，專有的；獨有的，獨佔的

complimentary

expressing a compliment; praising or approving 稱讚的

fulsome

expressing a lot of admiration or praise for someone, often too much, in a way that does not sound sincere 過分恭維的；諂媚的；言過其實的

vehement (adj) , vehemently (adv) , vehemence (n)

expressing strong feelings, or shown by strong feelings or great energy or force （感情）強烈的；猛烈的

effusive

expressing welcome, approval, or pleasure in a way that shows very strong feeling 熱情的，熱情洋溢的；奔放的

grossly

extremely 非常，極端，極其

avid

extremely eager or interested 渴望的；急切的；熱衷的；幹勁十足的

avid avidity avidly

extremely eager or interested 渴望的；急切的；熱衷的；幹勁十足的

prodigious

extremely great in ability, amount, or strength 強大的，巨大的 cf: prodigal 浪費的、奢侈的。 &prodigy 奇才

hideous;hideously

extremely ugly or bad 極醜的；極壞的

invaluable

extremely useful 極有用的，寶貴的

sanguinary

extremely violent and involving a lot of blood and injuries 血腥，流血的 relating to or like blood 與血相關的；似血的

underwhelmed

feeling no excitement about or admiration for something or someone 毫不激動的，無動於衷的 the opposite of overwhelmed

exogenous

found or coming from outside something, for example a system or a person's body or mind （系統、人體或人的思想）外源的，外生的

liberated

freed from or opposed to traditional social and sexual attitudes or roles 不受傳統思想束縛的；解放的；開放的 a liberated woman a liberated marriage

hectic

full of activity, or very busy and fast 繁忙的，忙碌的

upbeat

full of hope, happiness, and good feelings 樂觀的；快樂的；積極向上的

spiritless

having no energy and enthusiasm 無精打采的；沒有生氣的，缺乏活力的

humdrum

having no excitement, interest, or new and different events 乏味的，單調的，令人厭倦的

jocular

funny or intended to make someone laugh 有趣的；逗樂的 used to describe someone who is happy and likes to make jokes 愛開玩笑的

scintillate (adj. scintillating)

funny, exciting, and clever 妙趣橫生的，機敏風趣的

sensuous

giving or expressing pleasure through the physical senses, rather than pleasing the mind or the intelligence 愉悅感官的

pedant, pedantic, pedantry

giving too much attention to formal rules or small details 書呆子氣的，迂腐的，學究式的 記：pedant(古代用法：老師)

percipience, percipient= perceptive

good at noticing and understanding things 目光敏銳的；洞察力強的

attrition

gradually making something weaker and destroying it, especially the strength or confidence of an enemy by repeatedly attacking it （尤指給敵人的力量或自信造成的）消耗，損耗，削弱

indebted

grateful because of help given 感激的 owing money 負債的

peril

great danger, or something that is very dangerous 巨大的危險；危難，險境

peril; perilous

great danger, or something that is very dangerous 巨大的危險；危難，險境 非常危險的dangerous

isolated

happening or existing only once, separate 孤立的，個別的 feeling unhappy because of not seeing or talking to other people 被孤立的，孤獨的 not near to other places 偏遠的 似：discrete

diurnal

happening over a period of a day, or being active or happening during the day rather than at night 在一天內發生的；白天發生的；晝行性的

gaily

happily or brightly 歡樂地，喜氣洋洋地；閃亮地，明亮地

gaiety

happiness and excitement 快樂，愉快，高興 記：gay 很開心

contentment

happiness and satisfaction, often because you have everything you need 滿意；滿足；知足

rosy

having a colour between pink and red 紅潤的 If a situation is described as rosy, it gives hope of success or happiness. 光明的；有希望的；美好的

sophisticated

having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion 精於世故的，老練的；見多識廣的；很有品味的 intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks 精密的，複雜的；高級的

affluent/ affluence

having a lot of money or owning a lot of things 富裕的；富足的

shrill; shrillness; shrilly

having a loud and high sound that is unpleasant or painful to listen to （聲音）刺耳的，尖厲的 She had a shrill high-pitched voice.她的聲音尖銳而刺耳。 used to describe a way of arguing or criticizing that seems too forceful （爭論或批評）尖刻的，刻薄的

adverse

having a negative or harmful effect on something 不利的；負面的；有害的

euphony/euphonious

having a pleasant sound 悅耳的，動聽的

well established

having a recognized position, or being generally known about 得到確認的；公認的

pernicious

having a very harmful effect or influence 極其有害的；惡性的；惡劣的

mass

having an effect on or involving a large number of people or forming a large amount 大量的；大規模的；大批的 to come together in large numbers 集中，聚集 a large amount of something that has no particular shape or arrangement 大量；大批；眾多

elliptical/elliptically

having an oval shape 橢圓（形）的 Elliptical language has parts missing, so that it is sometimes difficult to understand. （語言等）省略的，晦澀的，隱晦的

dewy-eyed

having eyes that are wet with tears because you feel emotional 含淚的，眼睛濕潤的 not knowing about unpleasant things and having no experience of life 不諳世事的，天真的，純真的 記：容易哭的，非常純真的人 dewy:似露濕的，帶露水的

hidebound

having fixed opinions and ways of doing things and not willing to change or be influenced, especially by new or modern ideas 頑固的；守舊的

versatile

having many uses or applications 多才多藝的、多功能的 (S) changing or fluctuating readily : VARIABLE 多變化的 capable of turning forward or backward : REVERSIBLE 可翻轉的、可逆的

fidelity (S)

honest or lasting support, or loyalty, especially to a sexual partner （尤指對性伴侶的）忠誠，忠實，忠貞 the degree to which the detail and quality of an original, such as a picture, sound, or story, is copied exactly 準確度；精確性

openness

honesty 誠實；坦誠，坦率

rectitude

honesty and correct moral behaviour 公正；正直；誠實

droll

humorous, especially in an unusual way 滑稽可笑的，古怪離奇的

repute

ill, good, etc. repute a bad, good, etc. reputation 壞／好名聲等

Select the sentence in the passage that provides an illustration of a claim stated elsewhere in the passage.

illustration: an example that is used to make a point clear.

hypothetical

imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true 假定的，假設的

evenhanded

impartial; fair treating everyone fairly and equally 公正的，公平的，不偏不倚的

evenhanded/evenhandedness/evenhandedly

impartial; fair treating everyone fairly and equally 公正的，公平的，不偏不倚的

ineluctable

impossible to avoid 無法躲避的，無法避免的

irreducible

impossible to make smaller or simpler 不能減縮的；不可簡化的

adamant

impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision 固執的；堅決的，堅定不移的

impenetrable

impossible to see through or go through 不能看透的；不能穿過的 impossible to understand 費解的，無法理解的

emphatic (adj), emphatically (adv)

in a forceful way 堅決地，斷然地 used to emphasize what you are saying （對于所說的）強調地

overwrought

in a state of being upset, nervous, and worried 過度煩亂的，過度緊張的，過度焦慮的；神經質的

graphically

in a very clear and powerful way 生動地 syn:vividly The incident graphically illustrates just how dangerous the situation in the war zone has become.這事件清楚表明交戰地區的局勢已經到了很危險的地步。 graphically adverb (IN PICTURES) in a way that uses, consists of, or relates to graphs, or to drawing or printing 以圖表（繪畫或印刷）表現地

autonomous

independent and having the power to make your own decisions 自主的，有自主權的 似：independent an autonomous organization, country, or region is independent and has the freedom to govern itself 自治的，有自治權的

destined

intended (for a particular purpose) 用於（特定目的）的 travelling or being sent to somewhere 前往（某地）的；寄往（某地）的 controlled by fate, and not by humans 命中註定的，命運決定的

inflammatory

intended or likely to cause anger or hate 使人激憤的；煽動性的 causing or related to swelling and pain in the body 發炎的；引發炎症的

anodyne

intended to avoid causing offence or disagreement, especially by not expressing strong feelings or opinions （尤指透過不表達強烈的感情或意見而）不得罪人的，一團和氣的；溫和的

anodyne (adj/noun)

intended to avoid causing offence or disagreement, especially by not expressing strong feelings or opinions （尤指透過不表達強烈的感情或意見而）不得罪人的，一團和氣的；溫和的

propitiatory

intended to please someone and make them feel calm 勸解的，撫慰的

coy / coyly / coyness

intentionally keeping something secret 故作神秘的；遮遮掩掩的；含糊其詞的

ironic

interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would usually expect 具有諷刺意味的；出乎意料的；令人啼笑皆非的 showing that you really mean the opposite of what you are saying 反語的；諷刺的

complicit / complicity

involved in or knowing about a crime or some activity that is wrong 有同謀關係的，串通的 involvement in a crime or some activity that is wrong 同謀；共犯；串通 記： (COM together 一起or with + PLI 灣bend) 似：conniving

repetitive=repetitious

involving doing or saying the same thing several times, especially in a way that is boring （尤指以乏味的方式）重複的，反復的 =monotonous

interdisciplinary

involving two or more different subjects or areas of knowledge 學科間的，跨學科的

incipient

just beginning 剛開始的；早期的

impotent/impotence

lack of power to change or improve a situation 無力量；無能力 a medical condition in which a man cannot have sex because his penis cannot become hard or stay hard （男性）陽痿 a medical condition in which a man is unable to have children （男性）不育

vacuous

lacking ideas or intelligence; empty not expressing or showing intelligent thought or purpose 空洞的；無知的

rote

learning something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it 死記硬背

fabled

legendary; famous used to refer to something or someone who has been made very famous, especially by having many stories written about it, him, or her （尤指因經歷豐富而）聞名的；傳奇式的

correspondence

letters, especially official or business letters 信件，信函（尤指公函或商業信函） Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address.以後來信請寄到我的新地址。 the action of writing, receiving, and reading letters, especially between two people （尤指兩個人之間的）通信，通信聯繫

ethereal

light and delicate, especially in an unnatural way 記：e=ex外＋神>出神。虛無的、精神的 輕飄的，縹緲的；優雅的；（尤指）超凡的

inflammable

likely to become violent or angry very quickly and in an uncontrolled way 易怒的，性情暴躁的

volatile

likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry 不穩定的；易變的；易怒的，喜怒無常的 A volatile liquid or solid substance will change easily into a gas. （液體或固體）易揮發的，易氣化的

volatile; volatility

likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry 不穩定的；易變的；易怒的，喜怒無常的 A volatile liquid or solid substance will change easily into a gas. （液體或固體）易揮發的，易氣化的

hedonist (n), hedonism (n), hedonistic (adj)

living and behaving in ways that mean you get as much pleasure out of life as possible, according to the belief that the most important thing in life is to enjoy yourself 享樂主義

flashy

looking too bright, big, and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admiration （因豔麗、巨大和昂貴而）顯眼的，俗豔的

sybarite; sybaritic

loving or involving expensive things and pleasure 奢靡逸樂（者）的，驕奢淫逸（者）的

granular/ granularity

made of, or seeming like, granules 由顆粒構成的；顆粒狀的 including small details 含顆粒的 the quality of including a lot of small details 由顆粒構成；顆粒狀；含顆粒

clamour;clamorous

making loud demands or complaints 大聲抱怨的；強烈要求的 making a lot of noise 吵鬧的；喧嚷的；大喊大叫的

unflattering

making someone look less attractive or seem worse than usual 不恭維的；貶損的；有損形象的

sobering

making you feel serious or think about serious matters 令人警醒的，使人冷靜的

repellent

making you feel strong disapproval and that you do not want to be involved with someone or something 令人厭惡的 a substance used to repel something 驅蟲劑

sinister

making you feel that something bad or evil might happen 不祥的，有凶兆的 記:Sin 罪過 似：ominous

zealous (zealously, zealousness)

marked by fervent partisanship for a person, a cause, or an ideal : filled with or characterized by zeal enthusiastic and eager 熱情的；狂熱的

anim

mind

assuage

mitigate, slake, allay,temper 緩和、減輕

unassuming

modest 謙虛的

retrograde

moving backward 逆行的 （Ｓ） returning to older and worse conditions, methods, ideas, etc. 倒退的；退步的；惡化的

legacy

money or property that you receive from someone after they die 遺産，遺贈 An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.一位堂兄留給她一小筆遺産。 something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time 歷史遺産，遺留物

superannuation

money that people pay while they are working, so that they will receive payment when they stop working when they are old, or the payment they receive when they stop working 養老金；退休金

unduly

more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable 過度地；過分地

sluggish/sluggishly/sluggishness

moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power 行動緩慢的；遲緩的

languid/ languidly

moving or speaking slowly with little energy, often in an attractive way 慢悠悠的，悠閒自在的

oracular

mysterious and difficult to understand, but probably wise 神諭似的，天書般的，晦澀難懂的

sphinx-like

mysterious and not allowing people to know what you are thinking 謎一般的，神秘莫測的

suffice, sufficiency (n), sufficient (adj)

n amount of something that is enough, or the quality of being good enough 足量，充足

blanket

n. 毯子; 厚層; 矇蔽之物 v. 覆蓋，籠罩 adj. 綜合的、全面的，無一例外的

self-congratulation

n. 自大，自满，自鸣得意 undue complacency or pride regarding one's personal achievements or qualities; self-satisfaction

strand

n. （繩子的）股，絞; 海濱，河岸; （思想等的）一個組成部分 a strand of dental floss一条牙線 there are so many different strands to the plot that it's hard to follow.故事情節的頭緒紛亂，很難搞清楚。 vt. 使滯留，使擱淺; 使陷於困境 vi. 擱淺; 陷入困境

timorous

nervous and without much confidence 羞怯的；膽小的，膽怯的

timorousness, timorous

nervous and without much confidence 羞怯的；膽小的，膽怯的 syn:timid

unsettled

nervous and worried; unable to relax 焦慮不安的，心緒不寧的 likely to change suddenly; not calm or having a regular pattern 易變的；動盪不定的；不規則的；無規律的

unerring (adj); unerringly (adv)

never failing to hit a target 萬無一失的，百發百中的 :un 沒有 error

defunct

no longer existing, living, or working correctly 不復存在的；死亡的；失靈的

passe

no longer fashionable 過時的，落伍的 記：拍謝

pacific, pacifically

peaceful or helping to cause peace 和平的；求和的 in a peaceful way or a way that helps to cause peace 平靜地；和平地 記：太平洋

irresolute

not able or willing to take decisions or actions 猶豫不決的，優柔寡斷的

unattainable

not able to be achieved 達不到的，無法實現的

no longer

not any more 不在是

leniency, lenient, leniently

not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected （處罰或判決）寬容的，寬大的，從輕的

leniently/lenient/leniency

not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected （處罰或判決）寬容的，寬大的，從輕的

by no means

not at all 決不，一點都不

oblivious

not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you （尤指對周圍發生的事情）毫不在意的，毫無知覺的，未察覺的

unbridled

not controlled or limited 不受控制的；無限的

plain, plainly

not decorated in any way; with nothing added 樸素的；不加修飾的；簡單的 obvious and clear to understand 清楚的，明顯的 (used for emphasis) complete （表示強調）完全的

extraneous

not directly connected with or related to something 無直接關係的；無關的

earthbound

not exciting or showing much imagination 平淡無奇的；缺乏想像力的 unable to leave the surface of the earth 不能離開地球表面的；只在地球（或陸地表面）上的

fusty

not fresh and smelling unpleasant especially because of being left slightly wet 發黴的；有黴味的 old-fashioned in ideas and beliefs 古板的；守舊的

maladaptive

not having the ability to change to suit different conditions 不適應的；沒有適應能力的 having an adaptation (= changed feature) that is not suitable for particular conditions （對某種情況）適應不良的

fanciful

not likely to succeed or happen in the real world 空想的；想像的

untethered; untether

not physically connected or fastened to something 並非連接於...之上的 not staying or forced to stay in one particular place 不受束縛的，不受限制的 An untethered animal is not tied to anything, so that it is free to move in a large area. （動物）沒有被拴住的 反：tether （尤指拴動物的）繫繩；拴鏈

unsated

not satiated : insatiable 不滿足

artificial

not sincere 虛假的，不真誠的；矯揉造作的 made by people, often as a copy of something natural 人造的，人工的；仿造的

inept/ ineptitude(adj)

not skilled or effective 無能的；笨拙的；無效的 （Ｓ） 似：be unequal to sth formal to not have the necessary ability, power, or qualities to achieve something 對...不能勝任；對...力所不及

faint

not strong or clear; slight tepid 微弱的；不清晰的；微小的 used to emphasize that you do not know something 根本不知道

unfazed

not surprised or worried 不吃驚的；不擔憂的；泰然自若的 記：faze:to surprise and worry someone 使慌亂；使擔憂；使驚慌失措

inhospitable

not welcoming or generous to people who visit you 不好客的；不殷勤待客的 An inhospitable area is not suitable for humans to live in. （地區）難以居住的，條件惡劣的

idler; idle

not working or being used 閒置的 without work 無工作的，失業的 without any particular purpose 無目的的 lazy and not willing to work 懶惰的 If an engine or machine idles, it runs slowly but does not move or do any work. （引擎）低速運轉，空轉

rebuke

o speak angrily to someone because you disapprove of what they have said or done 斥責；指責；訓斥

serendipitous; serendipitously; serendipity

occurring or discovered by chance in a happy or beneficial way （有利的）偶然的 幸運

estimable

of a person or their behaviour , considered to be very good or deserving praise 值得敬重的，值得敬佩的；值得稱道的 He writes estimable poetry under a pseudonym. 他用筆名創作的詩歌作品可圈可點。

arboreal

of or living in trees 樹木的；生活在樹上的，樹棲的

unimpeachable

of such a high standard of honesty and moral goodness that it cannot be doubted or criticized （品格）無可懷疑的，無可指責的，無可挑剔的 unquestionable; beyond doubt

censorious

often criticizing other people 吹毛求疵的，挑剔的，苛評的

superannuated

old, and almost no longer suitable for work or use 陳舊的，過時的；老朽的，年老體衰的

portentous

ominous 預示未來的、凶兆的

nothing more than

only 僅僅 He dismissed Bryan as nothing more than an amateur.他不屑一顧地將布萊恩稱為業餘愛好者。

self-absorbed

only interested in yourself and your own activities 只關心自己的；只顧自身利益的

barely

only, just by the smallest amount 僅；剛好；幾乎沒有

transparent

open and honest, without secrets 公開和誠實的，無秘密的 clear and easy to understand or recognize 清楚易懂的；顯而易見的 If a substance or object is transparent, you can see through it very clearly. 透明的

antagonistic

opposed; hostile; aggressive actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or someone 對抗的，對立的；敵對的；敵意的

mundane

ordinary, commonplace very ordinary and therefore not interesting （Ｓ）世俗的；單調的；平凡的

workaday

ordinary; not unusual 普通的；平淡的

elitist, elitism, elite

organized for the good of a few people who have special interests or abilities 精英統治的；精英主義的 someone who believes that some things should be controlled or owned only by the richest or best educated people 傑出人物統治論者，精英論者 elitism: the quality of being elitist 高人一等，優越；精英主義

anachronistic

out-of-date, not attributed to the correct historical period 時代錯誤的 existing out of its time in history 落伍過時的，不合時宜的

overreach

overreach yourself to fail by trying to achieve, spend, or do more than you can manage 自不量力，好高騖遠；貪功致敗

denunciation

public criticism of something or someone 譴責，公開批評 the act of accusing someone in public of something bad 檢舉；告發 syn: indictment

claustrophobic (claustrophobia)

患有幽閉恐怖症的 fear of small spaces

tribute

pay tribute to sb/sth to praise someone or something 讚揚，稱讚 be a tribute to sth/sb to show clearly how good, strong, or effective something or someone is 是（優秀、強大或有效性）的明證 something that you say, write, or give that shows your respect and admiration for someone, especially on a formal occasion （尤指在正式場合表達敬意的）頌詞，禮物

serene/ serenely

peaceful and calm; worried by nothing 平靜的；安詳的

nature

the type or main characteristic of something 種類；特性；本質 a person's character 性格，本性

per capita

per person 人均 The per capita income in the country is very low.該國每人平均收入非常低。

consummate

perfect, or complete in every way 完美無缺的；圓滿的 to make something complete or perfect 使圓滿；使完美

abstracted from

phrase 从...中分离 同义词 divorced from

inferable from

phrase. 能从...推断的 entailed by

hew to

phrase. 遵守 conform to

umbrage

pique; resentment take umbrage to feel upset or annoyed, usually because you feel that someone has been rude or shown no respect to you （通常因覺得受到無禮對待或未被尊重而）生氣，惱怒

amiable

pleasant and friendly 和藹可親的，親切的；令人愉悅的；友好的

languor

pleasant mental or physical tiredness or lack of activity 倦怠，慵懶，消沈 記：懶一個

smug; smugness; smugly

pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know 沾沾自喜的，自鳴得意的 scrupulously clean, neat, or correct : TIDY 整潔、整齊的 cf:smuggle 走私 smuggler

civility

politeness; courteousness politeness or a polite remark 禮貌，客氣（的言語）

slacken

slow up; loosen to (cause to) become loose （使）變鬆，（使）鬆開 to (cause to) become slower or less active 放慢，放鬆，減緩

surmountable

possible to deal with or solve successfully 可解決的；能克服的；可超越的 surmount 超過、克服

suspect

possibly false or dangerous 不可靠的，不可信的，可疑的；危險的 a person believed to have committed a crime or done something wrong, or something believed to have caused something bad 嫌疑犯，可疑分子 to not trust; to doubt 不信任；懷疑 to think that someone has committed a crime or done something wrong 懷疑...有罪，認為...有嫌疑 to think or believe something to be true or probable 懷疑，猜想，認為（某事有可能）

opaque

preventing light from travelling through, and therefore not transparent or translucent 不透明的；不透光的 opaque glass/tights不透明的玻璃／連褲襪 opacity(n) Opaque writing or speech is difficult to understand. （文字或演講）難理解的；晦澀的；含糊的

erstwhile

previous 以前的，先前的；過去的同義詞

gradually

slowly over a period of time or a distance 逐步地，逐漸地；平緩地

conscientious

putting a lot of effort into your work 認真的；盡心盡責的；一絲不苟的

conscientious/conscientiousness

putting a lot of effort into your work 認真的；盡心盡責的；一絲不苟的

brusque

quick and rude in manner or speech 粗魯的；唐突的

downbeat

quiet and without much excitement 低調的，不張揚的

ruddy

red 紅色的，發紅的；紅潤的 used to avoid saying bloody to express anger （用於代替 bloody，表示氣憤或惱怒）可惡的，討厭的，該死的

intransigent

refusing to change your opinions or behaviour 固執的，不妥協的，不讓步的

proscriptive

relating or pertaining to prohibitions the act of not allowing something 禁止

Collegial/Collegiality

relating to a friendly relationship between colleagues (= people who work together) 同事間氣氛融洽的 used to describe a method of working in which responsibility is shared between several people （用來形容）分工協作、共同承擔責任的工作方式

demographic

relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up) 人口的；人口統計的；人口學的

meteoric

relating to or caused by a meteor 流星的 used to describe something that develops very fast and attracts a lot of attention 發展迅速的

proprietary

relating to owning something, or relating to or like an owner 所有（人）的，業主的 私有的 Proprietary goods are made and sent out by a particular company whose name is on the product. 專有的；專賣的

prestige

respect and admiration given to someone or something, usually because of a reputation for high quality, success, or social influence 威信，聲望；魅力 causing admiration because of being connected with being rich or powerful 有威望的，有威信的；令人羨慕的

deference, deferential

respect and politeness 尊重，尊敬

abrasive

rude and unfriendly 生硬粗暴的；不友好的 研磨的

doloruos

sad, or causing sadness or emotional suffering 憂傷的，傷感的 記:dollar 花很多

prescriptive

saying exactly what must happen, especially by giving an instruction or making a rule 規定的，指定的；（尤指）規範的

skullduggery

secret and dishonest behaviour 欺騙行爲；詭計

meretricious

seeming attractive but really false or of little value 華而不實的，金玉其外的

self-castigation

self-punishment, usually in a severe manner

dilatory ; dilatoriness

slow and likely to cause delay 緩慢的，拖延的，遲緩的

solemn

serious and without any humour 莊嚴的，嚴肅的

amorphous

shapeless, formless, vague 無定形、無組織的 (S) 可對應：diffuse 發散的

mawkish / mawkishness

showing emotion or love in an awkward or silly way 無病呻吟的；多愁善感的

half-hearted

showing no enthusiasm or interest 不熱情的；興趣不大的;不認真的

penitent; penitential; penitently

showing that you are sorry for something you have done because you feel it was wrong 悔過的，懺悔的

sophomoric

silly and behaving like a child 幼稚的 syn:callow 記：大二很幼稚

artless; artlessly; artlessness

simple and not wanting to deceive 單純的，直率的；不詭詐的

ponderous

slow and awkward because of being very heavy or large （因重或大而）行動遲緩的，笨拙的 If a book, speech, or style of writing or speaking is ponderous, it is boring because it is too slow, long, or serious. （書、講話或寫作風格）嚴肅而乏味的，呆板的，生硬的

antecedent

someone or something existing or happening before, especially as the cause or origin of something existing or happening later （尤指作為後來存在或發生之事的起因或起源的）前事，前情，先例；祖先 a word or phrase that a pronoun refers back to 先行詞，前述詞 previous （同頁中）上面提到的；上文的，前文的

oddity

someone or something that is strange and unusual 怪人；怪事；反常現象

laggard

someone or something that is very slow 行動遲緩的人；緩慢移動的事物 記：lag 緩慢移動、間隔延遲

absconder; abscond

someone who goes away from a place suddenly, especially in order to escape from it 潛逃者；逃走的人

diehard

someone who is unwilling to change or give up their ideas or ways of behaving, even when there are good reasons to do so 頑固分子，死硬分子

naysayer

someone who says something is not possible, is not good, or will fail 愛唱反調的人

aspirant

someone who very much wants to achieve something 抱負不凡者；有志者 aspire to sth to have a strong wish or hope to do or have something 追求；渴望；有志於

prodigy

someone with a very great ability that usually shows itself when that person is a young child 奇才，天才

nuisance

something or someone that annoys you or causes trouble for you 惱人的事物（或人）；麻煩的事物（或人） make a nuisance of yourself to cause trouble or to annoy other people 造成麻煩；惹人討厭

prelude

something that comes before a more important event or action that introduces or prepares for it 序幕，先聲，前奏 a short piece of music that introduces the main work 序曲

endemic species

species that are "native" to and found only within a limited area

rhetoric

speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people 雄辯言辭；煽動性語言

celerity

speed 速度

adjure

to ask or order someone to do something 要求；命令；囑咐 syn: mandate

diffuse

spread out and not directed in one place 擴散的，彌漫的，分散的 not clear or easy to understand 含混的，費解的，晦澀的

emerging

starting to exist 新興的，發展初期的Western governments should be giving more aid to the emerging democracies of the Third World.西方政府應給予第三世界新興的民主政權更多的援助。emergent economies/markets新興經濟／市場

avowed

stated 公開承認的；公開宣稱的

rigorous

strict; harsh; severe careful to look at or consider every part of something to make certain it is correct or safe 嚴密的，縝密的；嚴謹的 controlling behaviour in a severe way 嚴格的，嚴厲的

arresting

striking; eye-catching very attractive in a way that attracts a lot of attention 引人注意的；醒目的；有吸引力的

doleful

悲傷的、憂鬱的

hardy

strong enough to bear extreme conditions or difficult situations 強壯的；能吃苦耐勞的 A few hardy souls continue to swim in the sea even in the middle of winter.許多身體強壯的人甚至在隆冬時節仍堅持在海裡游泳。 Hardy plants can live through the winter without protection from the weather. （植物）耐寒的 a hardy perennial耐寒的多年生植物 記:Tom Hardy

heartfelt

strongly felt and sincere 衷心的，誠摯的

obtuse (adj) , obtusely (adv) , obtusity (n), obtuseness (n)

stupid and slow to understand, or unwilling to try to understand 愚笨的；遲鈍的；遲緩的 (of an angle) more than 90° and less than 180° （角度）鈍角的

alarm

sudden worry and fear, especially that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen 驚恐，驚慌；擔憂 to make someone worried or frightened 令某人擔心或害怕

implicit;implicitly

suggested but not communicated directly 不明言的，含蓄的 complete and without any doubts 無疑問的；無保留的

ominous

suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen 不吉祥的

servicable

suitable for use 合用的；耐用的

radicalism/radicalization/radical/radically

the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change 激進的（思想或行動）

acme

the best or most perfect thing that can exist or be achieved 頂峰，頂點

dovish

supporting discussion or other peaceful solutions in political relationships rather than the use of force 鴿派的，溫和派的 似：pacific

aligned

supporting or agreeing with another person, organization, or view 支持的，贊同的 tips: align使成一條直線；對準

nonplussed

surprised, confused, and not certain how to react 驚慌的；迷惑的；不知所措的

roam

syn: go aimlessly, wander, ramble, rove, stroll to move about or travel, especially without a clear idea of what you are going to do 閒逛（於）；漫步（於）；漫遊（於）

disengage

syn: uncouple; separate; disconnect; disintegrate to become physically separated from something, or to make two things become physically separated （使）脫離，（使）鬆開 to switch off the control of something （使）擺脫約束（或控制

predisposition

tendency, inclination 傾向、素質

self-effacement

the tendency to downplay one's virtues 自謙、自我輕視

prescience

the ability to know or correctly suggest what will happen in the future 預知；預知能力

resurrection

the act of bringing something that had disappeared or ended back into use or existence 復甦；復興；恢復

impeachment

the act of making a formal statement that a public official might be guilty of a serious offence in connection with his or her job, especially in the US （尤指美國的）彈劾

reminiscence

the act of remembering events and experiences from the past 追憶往事；追憶；懷舊

expiation

the act of showing that you are sorry for bad behaviour by doing something or accepting punishment 贖罪，抵償

expiation; expiate

the act of showing that you are sorry for bad behaviour by doing something or accepting punishment 贖罪，抵償

transgression

the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule, or an example of this 違反，違法；侵犯；過失，錯誤

pacification

the action of bringing peace to a place or ending war in a place, often using military force 平息，平定，鎮壓

dolorous

悲痛的、憂傷的

complexion

the natural appearance of the skin on a person's face, especially its colour or quality （天然的）面色，膚色，氣色 a dark/fair complexion黝黑／白皙的膚色 the general character of something 一般特徵；性質 syn: appearance (reading 單字題)

fringe

the outer or less important part of an area, group, or activity （地區或群體的）邊緣，周邊；（活動的）次要部分

conscience

the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel guilty about bad things that you have done or things you feel responsible for 良心；良知 conscientious:認真的；盡心盡責的；一絲不苟的

temperament

the part of your character that affects your moods and the way you behave 氣質；性情；性格

posterity

the people who will exist in the future 後裔，子孫，後代 syn: offspring

causality

the principle that there is a cause for everything that happens 因果律，因果論（即萬事皆有其因) cf: casualty a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war （嚴重事故或戰爭中的）傷亡人員

vengeance/vengeful

the punishing of someone for harming you or your friends or family, or the wish for such punishment to happen 報仇，復仇，報復；復仇心

sanctity

the quality of being holy 神聖，聖潔

forbearance

the quality of being patient and being able to forgive someone or control yourself in a difficult situation 耐心；寬容；克制

neatly, neatness, neaten

the quality of being tidy , with everything in its place 整潔，整齊

tractability

the quality of being tractable (= easily dealt with, controlled, or persuaded) 易處理性；易控制性；易勸服性

ruthlessness; ruthless; ruthlessly

the quality of not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others when deciding what you need to do 無情；冷酷；殘忍

self-absorption; self-absorbed

the quality of only being interested in yourself and your own activities 只關心自己；只顧自身利益

verisimilitude

the quality of seeming true or of having the appearance of being real 貌似真實；逼真

autonomy

the right of an organization, country, or region to be independent and govern itself 自治，自治權

ethos

the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about the social behaviour and relationships of a person or group （個人或團體的）精神特質，價值觀，信條 national ethos 民族精神特質 working-class ethos 工人階級道德思想

constitution/constitutionality/constitutional

the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs >laws 憲法；章程 the quality of being allowed by or contained in a constitution >legitimacy 合憲性；符合憲法

Anthropomorphism

the showing or treating of animals, gods, and objects as if they are human in appearance, character, or behaviour 擬人化，人格化；擬人觀 記:anthropology 人類學. morphology 形態學

captivity

the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave 關押；囚禁

agitation

the situation in which people protest or argue, especially in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change （以變革為目的的）煽動，抗議 worry and anxiety 焦慮，躁動，緊張不安

context

the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it （事情存在、發生的）背景，環境 the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning 上下文；語境 out of context If words are used out of context, only a small separate part of what was originally said or written is reported, with the result that their meaning is not clear or is not understood. 脫離上下文 The reporter took my remarks completely out of context. 記者引用我的話完全是斷章取義。

certitude

the state of being certain or confident 確定；確信

prominence/prominent

the state of being easily seen or well known 顯著，有名 Something that is in a prominent position can easily be seen. 突出的，顯眼的

sobriety

the state of being sober 未醉，清醒 seriousness 嚴肅，莊重

quiescence

the state of being temporarily quiet and not active （暫時的）平靜，靜止

conceited/conceit

the state of being too proud of yourself and your actions 自負，自大 a clever or surprising comparison, especially in a poem （尤指詩歌中）巧妙的比喻，別出心裁的比喻

fixation

the state of being unable to stop thinking about something or someone, or an unnaturally strong interest in something or someone 異常依戀，固戀；癖 the process of attaching or sewing something firmly in place （通過裝配或縫製）固定 the process of preserving something in a laboratory using a special liquid （在實驗室裡通過特殊化學物質）保

distraction

the state of being very bored or annoyed 心煩意亂，苦惱無聊 something that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else 分心的事；分散注意力的東西 an activity that you do for pleasure 娛樂，消遣

incandescence

the state of being white or glowing with heat 白熱、白熱光

unconsciousness

the state of not being awake and not aware of things around you, especially as the result of a head injury （尤指因頭部受傷）昏迷，不省人事

inconstancy

the state or act of not staying the same, especially in opinions, behaviour, or love: 多變

philosophy

the way that someone thinks about life and deals with it 人生哲學；生活（或工作）準則 a particular system of beliefs, values, and principles 哲學思想；哲學體系 the philosophy of sth a group of theories and ideas related to the understanding of a particular subject （某學科的）基本原理 the use of reason in understanding such things as the nature of the real world and existence, the use and limits of knowledge, and the principles of moral judgment 哲學

malice; malign

the wish to harm or upset other people 惡意，害人之心

child-rearing

the work of taking care of children until they are old enough to take care of themselves 養育子女

romanticize

think idealistically to talk about something in a way that makes it sound better than it really is, or to believe that something is better than it really is 以浪漫方式說話；使浪漫化；使理想化

obsessive

thinking about something or someone, or doing something, too much or all the time 著迷的；迷戀的；難以釋懷的 like, typical of, or caused by an obsession 過分（到不正常程度）的 an obsessive person 強迫症患者

preoccupied

thinking or worrying about something too much 全神貫注的，入神的；心事重重的

sacrosanct

thought to be too important or too special to be changed 神聖不容更改（或侵犯）的

neat

tidy, with everything in its place 整潔的，整齊的；有序的 good 好的，妙的 clever and simple 簡單而聰明的 (S) (of a strong alcoholic drink) without anything, such as water or ice or another drink, added to it （烈性酒）純的，不摻水的 syn: unalloyed

clog/clogged

to (cause something to) become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is difficult （使）阻塞，（使）堵塞；塞上 blocked 堵塞的

dissipate (S)

to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste （使）逐漸消失；（使）逐漸浪費掉

convulse/ convulsive

to (cause to) shake violently with sudden uncontrolled movements vt. 使抽搐，使劇烈震動

capitulate

to accept military defeat 投降；屈服；停止抵抗 to accept something or agree to do something unwillingly 被迫接受；被迫同意；讓步

relent

to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to allow before 變溫和；變寬容；不再拒絕

cast/shed/throw light on sth

to add more details or information to something 以細節（或資訊）充實

flesh sth out

to add more details or information to something 以細節（或資訊）充實

adorn/ adornment

to add something decorative to a person or thing 裝扮；裝飾

Supplement vs. Supplant

to add something to something to make it larger or better 增加，補充，增補 vs to replace 取代，代替

tout

to advertise, talk about, or praise something or someone repeatedly, especially as a way of encouraging people to like, accept, or buy something （尤指為了提高銷售額、知名度或推動發展）給...做廣告，宣傳，讚揚，吹捧 to repeatedly try to persuade people to buy your goods or services 兜售；招徠 a person who touts tickets 票販子，黃牛

accede

to agree to do what people have asked you to do 同意，應允 accede to the throne/accede to power to become king or queen, or to take a position of power 即位，登基；就任，任職

discharge

to allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a law court 允許...離開；（尤指）允許...出院；（根據法庭決議）釋放 to send out a substance, especially waste liquid or gas 排放，排出（尤指廢液或廢氣） to perform a task, especially an official one 履行（職責、義務） discharge a debt formal to pay back a debt completely 清償債務

quibble quibbler

to argue about, or say you disapprove of, something that is not important 吹毛求疵，為小事而爭吵 a complaint or criticism about something that is not very important （對小事的）抱怨或批評

adjure, adjuration

to ask or order someone to do something 要求；命令；囑咐

strain

to become stretched or to experience pressure, or to make something do or experience this （使）緊張，（使）承受壓力；拉緊，繃緊；損傷 to cause too much of something to be used, especially money （尤指金錢）過多使用 to separate liquid food from solid food, especially by pouring it through a utensil with small holes in it 濾，過濾（食物） a particular type or quality 類型；品質；個性特點，稟性 an animal or plant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group （動植物的）品系，株系，品種 an injury to a muscle or similar soft part of the body caused by using that part too much （肌肉等軟組織的）損傷，拉傷，扭傷 a force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage 壓力；拉力，張力；作用力

snarl

to become twisted together and difficult to separate; to make something become twisted together 交纏起來；使...交纏 (especially of dogs) to make a deep, rough sound while showing the teeth, usually in anger or (of people) to speak or say something angrily and forcefully （尤指狗）齜牙低吼；（人）咆哮，吼叫

degenerate

to become worse in quality （品質）下降；退化，衰退 degeneration, degenerative having low standards of behaviour 墮落的，頹廢的 someone with low standards of behaviour 墮落的人，頹廢的人

supplicate

to beg earnestly and humbly 懇求、懇求

commence

to begin something 開始；著手

obstruct

to block a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that nothing can go along it, or to prevent something from happening correctly by putting difficulties in its way 阻塞，堵塞，阻擋（道路、通道、入口等） After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings.地震過後，許多道路都被倒塌的建築物堵住了。 to try to stop something from happening or developing 阻礙；阻止，阻撓；妨礙 to obstruct a police investigation阻撓警方的調查

boast

to brag, to show off誇耀

balkanization

to break up (a region, a group, etc.) into smaller and often hostile units 巴尔干化（英式英语：Balkanisation；美式英语：Balkanization） 是一个常带有贬义的地缘政治学术语，可以被定义为：一个较大的国家或地区分裂成较小的国家或地区的过程，这些国家或地区关系紧张甚至处于敌对状态。 divide, compartmentalize(分隔；隔開；劃分)

resuscitate

to bring someone or something back to life or wake someone or something 使甦醒；使恢復知覺；使復活 Her heart had stopped, but the doctors successfully resuscitated her.她的心跳都已經停了，但醫生們還是成功地把她從鬼門關拉了回來

summon

to call together, to send for or to request to appear to order someone to come to or be present at a particular place, or to officially arrange a meeting of people 命令...到（某地）；傳喚；召喚；召集 to increase your courage or strength, especially with an effort （尤指努力地）鼓起（勇氣），積聚（力氣）

alienate

to cause someone or a group of people to stop supporting and agreeing with you 離間；使背離；使不友好 to make someone feel that they are different and not part of a group 使格格不入；使疏遠

wrought

to cause something to happen 使發生 made or done in a careful or decorative way 精煉的；精製的（精雕細琢的）

dismay

to cause to lose courage or resolution (as because of alarm or fear) 擔心 a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment 沮喪，灰心，失望 記：diss 可以may

recast

to change the form of something, or to change an actor in a play or film 重塑；重寫；更換（戲劇或電影的）演員

modulate

to change the style, loudness, etc. of something such as your voice in order to achieve an effect or express an emotion 改變（嗓音）的音量（或音質等），調節（聲音） to change something, such as an action or a process, to make it more suitable for its situation 調節，調整

anoint

to choose someone to do a particular job, usually by a person in authority （通常由權威人士）選定，指定 to make someone holy in a religious ceremony by putting holy water or oil on them （在宗教儀式上）塗聖水（或聖油）於 to make someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指作為授予王位的宗教儀式的一部分）塗聖水（或聖油）於

outmaneuver

to cleverly get an advantage over someone, especially a competitor 智勝；比（對手）技高一籌

garner

to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty （通常指做大量工作或經歷很多困難而）收集，積累，獲得

conflate

to combine two or more separate things, especially pieces of text, to form a whole 合併，結合，混合（尤指文本）

spring from

to come from or be a result of something 起源於；來自；由...造成

impart

to communicate information to someone 傳授；告知 ex:I was rather quiet as I didn't feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject.我沒怎麼說話，因為我覺得自己在這個問題上談不出甚麼高見。 to give something a particular feeling, quality, or taste 賦予，給予

grumble

to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way 發牢騷，抱怨，嘟囔 擬聲詞 to complain angrily but not loudly; to growl

bemuse

to confuse or bewilder to slightly confuse someone 使人困惑

curb(n,v)

to control or limit something that is not wanted 控制；限制，約束；抑制

mimic/mimick/mimicked

to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves, usually in order to make people laugh （為逗樂而）模仿，學...的樣子

anathematize

to criticize someone or something strongly or say that he, she, or it is completely unacceptable 強烈譴責 cf:anathema 討厭的事物

revel/reveling /reveller

to dance, drink, sing, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way （尤指吵鬧地）狂歡，縱酒，作樂 revel in to get great pleasure from a situation or an activity 陶醉於；沉湎於；縱情於

jettison

to decide not to use an idea or plan 放棄（想法或計劃） to get rid of something or someone that is not wanted or needed 把...作為廢物拋棄，扔掉 to throw goods, fuel, or equipment from a ship or aircraft to make it lighter （船舶、飛機等為減輕重量而）投棄（貨物、燃料或裝備）

discount

to decide that something or someone is not worth considering or giving attention 忽視，忽略，不理會

uphold

to defend or keep a principle or law, or to say that a decision that has already been made, especially a legal one, is correct 支援，維護，贊成（尤指法律上的決議）

postpone

to delay an event and plan or decide that it should happen at a later date or time 延後，延緩，使延期

defer

to delay something until a later time 使延期，使延緩，推遲

misrepresent; misrepresentation

to describe falsely an idea, opinion, or situation, often in order to get an advantage 不如實地敘述（或說明）；誤傳；歪曲；詐稱 syn: distortion

understate

to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is 對...輕描淡寫；不如實陳述；避重就輕地說

take issue with sth

to disagree strongly 對...持強烈異議，很不贊同

pinpoint

to discover or describe the exact facts about something 查明；準確描述 to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something 準確指出，確定（位置或時間）

ascertain

to discover something 弄清，確定，查明 to make certain of something 確信

unearth

to discover something in the ground 發掘，掘出，使出土Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month.自從本月初在工地挖出人類遺骸之後，施工就停止了。 to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching （尤指在仔細搜尋之後）發現

resort to sth

to do something that you do not want to do because you cannot find any other way of achieving something （別無辦法的情況下）訴諸，依靠，採用

startle, startled, startling

to do something unexpected that surprises and sometimes worries a person or animal 使大吃一驚；使受驚，使嚇一跳

incite

to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent 鼓動，煽動

introspection/introspect

to examine and consider your own ideas, thoughts, and feelings 自省，反省

anatomize

to examine and describe something in detail 詳細分析，剖析 to cut something open, especially a dead body, in order to examine its structure 解剖（尤指屍體）

appraise

to examine someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs 評定；鑒定；估價；評價

flounder

to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or say next 困難重重；艱苦掙扎；不知所措 記：founder 常失敗

reprehend, reprehensive, reprehension

to express your strong official disapproval of someone or something 譴責；斥責；指摘

underwhelmed; underwhelming; underwhelms

to fail to impress or stimulate 不盡人意

fall short

to fail to reach an amount or standard that was expected or hoped for, causing disappointment 未達到數量（或要求）

dread

to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or that might happen 對...感到恐懼；害怕；擔心

sanction

to formally give permission for something 批准，認可，准許 a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey （爲維護法律或規定而採取的）強硬措施；（對違反法律或規定者進行的）懲罰，處罰 an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law 制裁

commend

to formally praise someone or something 讚揚，稱讚，表彰

wrest

to get something with effort or difficulty 辛苦謀求；費力取得 to violently pull something away from someone 奪取；攫取

cosset

to give a lot of attention to making someone comfortable and to protecting them from anything unpleasant 寵愛，疼愛；溺愛

foreground

to give the most importance to a particular subject, etc. 強調，突出（某事物的重要性） the area that is of most importance and activity, or that people pay attention to 重要位置；矚目地位

yield

to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to （常指被迫）放棄，讓出 to bend or break under pressure （受壓）彎曲，折斷，垮掉

circulate

to go around or through something, or to make something go around or through something （使）循環；（使）流通；（使）傳遞；（使）散佈 Hot water circulates through the heating system.熱水在供暖系統中循環。 I've circulated a good luck card for everyone to sign.我拿了一張好運卡傳著讓每個人都簽名。 to move around at a party, etc., talking to different people （在聚會上）周旋

peter out

to gradually stop or disappear 逐漸停止；慢慢消失

imperil

to put something or someone at risk or in danger of being harmed or destroyed 危及，使陷入危險

divine

to guess something 猜，猜測；估計 to search for water or minerals underground by holding horizontally in your hands a Y-shaped rod or stick, the end of which suddenly points down slightly when water or minerals are below it （用丫形杖）探測（地下水或礦藏）a divining rod探礦杖 extremely good, pleasant, or enjoyable 極好的，美妙的，美好的 connected with a god, or like a god 神的；像神一樣的

crop up

to happen or appear unexpectedly 意外發生；冒出；突然出現

abominate (abomination, abominable)

to hate something very much 厭惡；憎惡 something that you dislike and disapprove of 令人憎惡的事物；可惡的東西

aspire

to have a strong wish or hope to do or have something 追求；渴望；有志於

counterbalance

to have an equal but opposite effect on something so that it does not have too much of a particular characteristic 使平衡；抵消；彌補

mesmerize

to have someone's attention completely so that they cannot think of anything else 迷住；迷惑

veil

to hide or cover something so that you cannot see it clearly or understand it 遮蓋；隱藏；籠罩 to cover something, especially the face or body, with a veil 用幕遮掩；（尤指）用面紗遮住 something that prevents you from knowing what is happening 掩飾，掩蓋；托詞 a thin covering that hides something or stops you from seeing something clearly 遮蔽物；籠罩物

captivate

to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant, or attractive 使著迷、迷惑、吸引

grip

to hold very tightly 緊握，握緊，緊抓（住） When an emotion such as fear grips you, you feel it strongly. （感情等）強烈地控制；對...產生強烈影響 to keep someone's attention completely 使入迷，吸引...的注意力 control over something or someone 控制，支配

retaliate/retaliatory

to hurt someone or do something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you 報復；反擊

streamline

to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler （常透過簡化辦事程式）使（機構）效率更高；簡化 to shape something so that it can move as effectively and quickly as possible through a liquid or gas 把...設計成流線型，使成流線型

encompass

to include different types of things 包含，包括（尤指很多不同事物）

accrue; accrual

to increase in number or amount over a period of time 積累；（逐漸）增加，增多

dictate

to influence something or make it necessary 影響；決定；要求 to give orders, or tell someone exactly what they must do, with total authority 命令，下（令）；決定，規定 to speak something aloud for a person or machine to record what is said, so that it can be written down 口述，口授

clamor, clamorous

to insist or exclaim noisily 大聲抱怨、要求

retain

to keep or continue to have something 保持；保留；保有 If a substance retains something, such as heat or water, it continues to hold or contain it. 保存；留住；容納

enthral(enthralled)/ enthralling

to keep someone completely interested 迷住，使著迷；吸引住 似：captivate, enamored

immolate (v) , immolation (n)

to kill yourself or someone else, or to destroy something, usually by burning, in a formal ceremony （通常指透過焚燒）將...作為祭品殺死（或毀滅）

waver

to lose strength, determination, or purpose, especially temporarily （尤指暫時地）動搖 If you waver between two possibilities, you cannot decide which of them to choose or you keep choosing one way and then the other. （在兩個選擇之間）躊躇，猶豫不決

cowered/cower

to lower your head or body in fear, often while moving backwards 蜷縮；退縮；畏縮

stoop to sth

to lower your moral standards by doing something that is unpleasant, dishonest, or unfair 卑鄙到做...的地步，墮落到做...的地步

report

to make a complaint to a person in authority about something or someone 舉報；告發 syn: disclose, reveal to give a description of something or information about it to someone 報道；報告；匯報

destabilize

to make a government, area, or political group lose power or control, or to make a political or economic situation less strong or safe, by causing changes and problems 顛覆；動搖；破壞；擾亂

distill

to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid 蒸餾 to get or show only the most important part of something 提煉，濃縮

forswear

to make a serious decision to stop doing something 決心放棄，發誓戒除

hone

to make an object sharp 使...變鋒利；把...磨尖 to make something perfect or completely suitable for its purpose 磨練，磨礪；訓練

eclipse

to make another person or thing seem much less important, good, or famous 掩沒...的重要性（或優點、聲譽等）；淩駕...之上；光芒蓋過... a situation in which something becomes less important 黯然失色

intimate

to make clear what you think or want without saying it directly 暗示，提示 a friend you know very well 至交，密友，知己 having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship 親密的；有性關係的；宜於密切關係的 (of knowledge or understanding) detailed, and obtained from a lot of studying or experience 諳熟的，精通的

jibe

to make insulting remarks that are intended to make someone look stupid 嘲諷，嘲弄，嘲笑

recapitulate

to recap, to summarize 概括、總覽

tarnish (v); tarnished (adj)

to make or (especially of metal) become less bright or a different colour （使）（尤指金屬）失去光澤，（使）變暗淡；（使）褪色 to make people think that someone or something is less good 誹謗；中傷

solidfy

to make solid, compact, or hard; to make strong or united 鞏固、凝固、使團結

attune/ attuned to

to make someone able to understand or recognize something 使合拍，使協調;，使明白；使適應 記：at tune 在那個音調上 able to understand or recognize something 心領神會的；熟悉的 able to understand or recognize a particular sound （對特定聲音）敏感的，反應靈敏的

embolden

to make someone brave 使有膽量 記：em（使）bold（勇敢）

tantalize

to make someone feel excited or attracted by an offer or a suggestion of something that is, in fact, unlikely to happen 逗引、使著迷

unnerve/unnerving

to make someone feel less confident and slightly frightened 使緊張；使缺乏信心；使恐懼

disconcert

to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried （使）焦慮，（使）不安

demoralize

to make someone or something feel much less confident 使洩氣，使垂頭喪氣

incriminate; incriminating; incrimination

to make someone seem guilty, especially of a crime 使（某人）看似有罪；連累，牽連 incrimination:定罪

chasten

to make someone understand that they have failed or done something wrong and make them want to improve 懲戒；磨煉；教訓

saturate

to make something or someone completely wet 使濕透；浸透；滲透 似：penetrate to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added 使充滿；使飽和 saturate the market to provide too much of a product so that there is more of this product available than there are people who want to buy it 使市場飽和

divulge

to make something secret known 洩露，透露（秘密）

bridge

to make the difference or division between two things smaller or less severe 減小...之間的差異 v. 彌合，消除; 兼具...的特點; 在...上架橋

penetrate

to move into or through something 穿透；進入；滲入 to succeed in becoming part of an organization, etc. and working within it 成功進入（機構）成為其一部分

proffer

to offer something by holding it out, or to offer advice or an opinion 提供，提出

impose

to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received 推行；強制實行 to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living 把（尤指信仰或生活方式）強加於 to expect someone to do something for you or spend time with you when they do not want to or when it is not convenient for them 勉強；打擾，麻煩

invalidate

to officially stop a document, ticket, law, etc. being legally or officially acceptable 使無效；使作廢 to prove that an opinion, argument, etc. is wrong 證明（觀點、論點等）錯誤

sway

to persuade someone to believe or do one thing rather than another 說服，使動搖 to cause something to move or change 使移動，使改變 to move slowly from side to side 搖擺，擺動

entice

to persuade someone to do something by offering them something pleasant 誘惑；誘使；引誘

laud

to praise 讚美，讚揚，讚頌

malinger

to pretend to be ill in order to avoid having to work （為逃避工作）詐病，裝病 記：賣拎拉

appease

to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the other side an advantage that they have demanded 平息；撫慰；綏靖；姑息

appease/appeasement

to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the other side an advantage that they have demanded 平息；撫慰；綏靖；姑息

stymie

to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose 阻止，妨礙，阻撓

indemnify

to protect someone or something against possible damage or loss by paying an indemnity to cover the costs 保障；賠償...的損失 syn: compensate, recompense, recoup, remunerate , requite, satisfy

indemnify/indemnity/indemnification

to protect someone or something against possible damage or loss by paying an indemnity to cover the costs 保障；賠償金；賠償...的損失

purvey

to provide goods or services as a business, or to provide information 供應（貨物）；提供（服務或資訊） purveyor：供應商

enlighten; enlightening

to provide someone with information and understanding, or to explain the true facts about something to someone 啓發，啓迪；開導；闡明

stint

to provide, take, or use only a small amount of something 限量提供；吝惜；節省

inaugurate

to put someone into an official position with a ceremony 使正式就職，為...舉行就職典禮 to put something into use or action officially （正式）啟用，啟動 to mark the beginning of a new period, style, or activity 開創（新時代）；開始（新風尚或新活動）

relegate, relegation

to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position 貶職；使降級；降低...的地位

rehabilitate

to return someone to a good, healthy, or normal life or condition after they have been in prison, been very ill, etc. 使康復；使恢復（正常生活）；使（囚犯）獲得改造 to return something to a good condition 修復；把...翻新

rally

to return to a better condition 恢復；復原；重新振作 an improvement 恢復；復原；好轉 to (cause to) come together in order to provide support or make a shared effort 集合；召集；（使）團結 a public meeting of a large group of people, especially supporters of a particular opinion （尤指為表明支援某種主張的）集會，群衆大會

regress; regresses;

to return to a previous and less advanced or worse state, condition, or way of behaving 退步；退化；倒退

disclose

to reveal; make known 揭發

deride

to ridicule, laugh at with contempt 嘲笑

expunge; expunged; expunging expunction expunger

to rub off or remove information from a piece of writing 刪去；抹去；勾銷 to cause something to be forgotten 使淡忘；（從記憶中）抹掉

deplore

to say or think that something is very bad 對...深感遺憾；痛惜；強烈反對；譴責

reiterate

to say something again, once or several times 反復地說，反復講；重申

decouple

to separate from someone or something else; to separate something from something else that it was joined to or part of 使分開，使脫離

disentangle

to separate things that have become joined or confused 使脫離；使擺脫；分開；理順，分清 tangle:揪成一團

croon

to sing or talk in a sweet, low voice full of emotion 柔聲低唱；吟唱；低語

ranting/rant

to speak or shout in a loud, uncontrolled, or angry way, often saying confused or silly things 怒吼；抱怨；叫嚷；大聲責罵 a long, angry, and confused speech 顛三倒四的氣話；憤怒的叫嚷；沒完沒了的怒罵

alloy

to spoil something or reduce it in value 損壞；使（價值）降低；影響 a metal that is made by mixing two or more metals, or a metal and another substance 合金

taint/tainted

to spoil something, especially food or blood, by adding a harmful substance, or to spoil people's opinion of someone （通過添加有害物質而）污染（食品、血液等）；玷污，敗壞

mar/ marred

to spoil something, making it less good or less enjoyable 損壞；破壞；損傷

disseminate

to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people 散佈，傳播，宣傳

plunder

to steal goods violently from a place, especially during a war （尤指戰爭期間的）掠奪，搶劫，劫掠

scuttle

to stop something happening, or to cause a plan to fail 阻止；破壞；阻撓 to intentionally sink a ship, especially your own, in order to prevent it from being taken by an enemy （爲防止船落入敵手）鑿沈，弄沈（尤指自己的船） to move quickly, with small, short steps, especially in order to escape （尤指爲逃脫）碎步快跑，快速移動

quell

to stop something, especially by using force （尤其指透過武力）制止，平息；鎮壓

plunge in/plunge into sth

to suddenly start doing something actively or enthusiastically 突然開始積極地做

propound

to suggest a theory, belief, or opinion for other people to consider 提出（理論、想法或觀點）供考慮

bear sb/sth out

to support the truth of something 為...作證，證明，證實 (bear, bore, borne/born)

confiscate/confiscation(n)/ confiscator (n)/ confiscatory (adj)

to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner （通常指作爲懲罰）沒收，把...充公， 徵用

anticipate

to take action in preparation for something that you think will happen 採取行動來防止；先發制人 act as a forerunner or precursor of 先驅

appropriate

to take something for your own use, usually without permission 挪用；佔用；盜用；侵吞 to keep an amount of money to use for a particular purpose 撥出（款項） suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion 適當的，恰當的；合適的

arrogate (arrogation, n.; arrogative, adj.; arrogator, n.)

to take something without having the right to do so 霸佔；擅取；妄稱

evangelize

to talk about how good you think something is 鼓吹，宣揚；大肆讚揚 to try to persuade people to become Christians 向...傳教；向...宣講福音

assure, assuredly, assurance

to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry （尤指為消除其憂慮而）確定地對...說，向...保證，使確信；讓...放心 to cause something to be certain 確保；保障；使確定

reprove

to tell someone that you disapprove of their bad or silly behaviour 責備；斥責；指責

stigmatize

to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it 使背負惡名，侮辱

implacable

used to describe (someone who has) strong opinions or feelings that are impossible to change 不饒人的；堅定的；無法改變的

probe

to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly 盤問；追問；探究 to examine something with a tool, especially in order to find something that is hidden （用工具）探查，探測

proselytize/proselytizing

to try to persuade someone to change their religious or political beliefs or way of living to your own 使改變（宗教、政治信仰或生活方式）

underscore

to underline （尤指為了強調）在（詞語）下面畫線

satirize/satirical

to use satire to show that people or ideas have bad qualities or are wrong 諷刺，譏諷 satirist 記：薩泰爾 a person who writes satire 諷刺作家

misapply

to use something badly, wrongly, or in a way that was not intended 用錯；誤用；濫用

deploy

to use something or someone, especially in an effective way 有效運用；發揮...的作用 to move soldiers or equipment to a place where they can be used when they are needed 部署；調動

rouse

to wake someone up or make someone more active or excited 喚醒；激勵，使覺醒，使奮起

plod (v), plodding ( adj), ploddingly (adv)

to walk taking slow steps, as if your feet are heavy 艱難地行走；吃力地行進 to work slowly and continuously, but without imagination, enthusiasm, or interest （缺乏想像力、熱情和興趣地）埋頭工作

rattle

to worry someone or make someone nervous 煩擾；使慌亂；使緊張 記： a sound similar to a series of quickly repeated knocks （連續重複的）嗒嗒聲，嘎嘎聲；連續短促的碰撞聲

overbearing

too confident and too determined to tell other people what to do, in a way that is unpleasant 專橫的；傲慢的；盛氣淩人的

officious

too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own importance 多管閒事的 非官方的 syn: meddlesome syn: informal, unofficial

monolithic

too large, too regular, or without interesting differences, and unwilling or unable to be changed 龐大的；大一統的

rambling

too long and confused 雜亂無章的；冗長蕪雜的；漫無邊際的 large and spreading out in many different directions 向四處延伸的；蔓延到很大區域的；蔓生的

as well

too也

one-stop

used to describe activities that all happen in a single place 一站式的；全方位的

naivety

trust based on not having much experience 輕信(S)；幼稚

pretentious

trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of art and literature （尤指在文學藝術方面）炫耀的，矯飾的，自以為是的

obsessed with sth

unable to stop thinking about something; too interested in or worried about something 心神不寧的；著迷的；困擾的

undone

unfastened 解開的，鬆開的 to be without hope for the future, having experienced great disappointment, loss of money, etc. （對將來）絕望，心灰意冷

insalubrious

unpleasant, dirty, or likely to cause disease 不衛生的；不利於健康的

vile

unpleasant, immoral, and unacceptable 邪惡的；卑鄙的；可恥的 extremely unpleasant 糟透的，極壞的；惡劣的

gaudy

unpleasantly bright in colour or decoration 俗麗的；花哨的；過於鮮艶的

vain

unsuccessful; of no value 無用的;徒勞的；枉然的

incongruous

unusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happening 不協調的；不合適的；不一致的

remarkable

unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning 非凡的；(S)奇異的；引人注目的

whimsical(adj)/ whimsy(n)

unusual, funny, and pleasant ideas or qualities 離奇的；古怪的；異想天開的 something that is intended to be strange and humorous but in fact has little real meaning or value （無意義或無價值的）古怪事物；異想天開的東西 a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained 怪念頭，離奇的想法

reticent/reticence

unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings 沈默寡言的；不願交談的

risk-averse

unwilling to take risks or wanting to avoid risks as much as possible 不願意承擔風險的，儘量避免冒險的

flustered

upset and confused 心煩意亂的；慌張的；緊張的

parallel

used to describe an event or situation that happens at the same time as and/or is similar to another one 同時發生的；相同的，類似的 If two or more lines, streets, etc. are parallel, the distance between them is the same all along their length. 平行的

fervent/fervency

used to describe beliefs that are strongly and sincerely felt or people who have strong and sincere beliefs 強烈的；熱情的，熱誠的

puffed

used to describe grains that have been heated to a high temperature so that they become many times larger than their original size. Puffed grains are often used in breakfast cereals. （穀物經過高溫加熱）膨化的

divisive

used to describe something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people 有爭議的；引起分歧的

self-defeating

used to describe something that causes or makes worse the problem it was designed to avoid or solve 自我挫敗的；適得其反的；弄巧成拙的

be nothing less than sth

used to emphasize how important, special, or attractive something is （用於強調某事物極其重要、特殊或令人嚮往）簡直是不亞於Their dream to bring computers and ordinary people together was nothing less than revolutionary.他們夢想著讓電腦走進普通百姓的生活，這不亞於進行一場革命。

supposedly

used to show that you do not believe that something you have been told is true 想像上；大概；恐怕

ought

used to show when it is necessary or would be a good thing to perform the activity referred to by the following verb （表示做某事有必要、值得或有利）應該，應當 used to express something that you expect will happen （表示期望某事發生）該，應該

for once

used when something happens that does not usually happen 難得一次

arguably

used when stating an opinion or belief that you think can be shown to be true 大概，可能

verbatim

using exactly the same words as were originally used 一字不差地；逐字地

brevity

using only a few words or lasting only a short time 簡短，簡潔；短暫 (S)似：economy

factual

using or consisting of facts 事實的；真實的

recourse

using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation （尤指在艱難或危險的情況下）依靠，依賴，求助

Hard-handed/ heavy-handed

using too much force in dealing with someone 嚴厲的，粗暴的，高壓的 記:下重手 殘酷嚴厲的人 似:STRICT, OPPRESSIVE

laconic

using very few words to express what you mean （語言）簡潔的，言簡意賅的 注意：是好的形容

nepotistic

using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family 重用親屬的，任人唯親的 cronyism

tyrannical, tyrannically

using, showing, or relating to the unfair and cruel use of power over other people in a country, group, etc. 殘暴的；專制的

disregard

v. to ignore something 忽視，無視，不理會 n. the fact of showing no care or respect for something 忽視，漠視，無視

inventive

very good at thinking of new and original ideas 善於創新的，有新意的

total

very great or of the largest degree possible 完全的，徹底的；絕對的

intriguing

very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious 非常有趣的；引人入勝的；神秘的

gargantua/gargatuan

very large 巨大的，龐大的

choleric

very angry or easily annoyed 暴怒的；易怒的，性情暴躁的 記：Chole很易怒 chol,cal,chal熱

insufferable

very annoying, unpleasant, or uncomfortable, and therefore extremely difficult to bear 難以忍受的，不能容忍的

deplorable

very bad 非常糟糕的，極其惡劣的

dreadful, dreadfully

very bad, of very low quality, or shocking and very sad 可怕的；糟糕的；驚人的

exquisite

very beautiful and delicate 精美的；精緻的；優雅的 She has exquisite taste. used to describe feelings such as pleasure or pain that are extremely strong, or qualities that are extremely good; great （感覺）劇烈的，強烈的；（品質）完美的，卓越的 The pain was quite exquisite.

pertinacious; pertinacity

very determined and refusing to be defeated by problems 堅決的；堅忍不拔的；頑強的

headstrong

very determined to do what you want without listening to others 任性的，固執的，剛愎自用的

ravenous (adj) ravenousness, ravenously

very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or gratificationzo ; 非常飢餓 rapacious 強奪的

This novel is not great literature; there are too many characters, too many subplots, and no clearly defined protagonist, making for _____________ story. A.a banal B.a diffuse C.a mawkish D.an innocuous E.an amorphous F.a hackneyed

【答案】 BE 【解析】整句分号前后句并列。根据前句not great literature可知对小说负评价。后句too many characters, too many subplots, and no clearly defined protagonist, 太多角色，太多次要情节，没有清晰定义的主角，可知空格BE选项，太散漫，无组织。AF选项有负评价，但不能概括该小说具体的缺点特征。 【难度】4 【句子翻译】这部小说不是什么伟大的文学作品；有太多的人物，太多的次要情节，没有明确界定的主角，成了一个太散漫，无组织的故事。 【选项释义】 a banal 陈腐的 a diffuse 散漫的 a mawkish 自作多情的 an innocuous 无害的 an amorphous 无组织的 a hackneyed 陈腐的

underwrite

vt. 簽名承認（擔保），簽名接受（保險）; 給...保險; 認購; 在...下面寫 vi. 經營保險業

feckless; fecklessness

weak in character and lacking determination 無氣力的；無精打采的

frailty

weakness and lack of health or strength 脆弱；虛弱 moral weakness （道德上的）弱點，缺點

what goes around comes around

what you do to other people will also happen to you karma 事情怎麼去怎麼回

acquiescence, acquiescent

willing to do what other people want 默認的；默許的；默從的

credulity

willingness to believe that something is real or true, especially when this is unlikely 輕信

perspicacious

wise; insightful; acutely intelligent quick in noticing, understanding, or judging things accurately 聰穎的；敏銳的；有洞察力的

malediction

words that are intended to bring bad luck to someone or that express the hope that someone will have bad luck 詛咒，咒駡

perturb, perturbation

worry 擔心；煩惱 a small change in the regular movement of an object 攝動；擾動

nugatory

worth nothing or of little value 無價值的，無意義的

were thought to

【曾经被认为，但现在不那么认为了】，所以取反

hypocrite

偽善者 one who is insincere or deceitful

counterfeit

偽造、仿造 fabricated (n.) an imitation designed to deceive; (adj.) not genuine, fake; (v.) to make an illegal copy

commiserate

同情 (v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress

One thing both authors have in common is a striking amount of _____: they claim to know how massive institutions, some of them richly endowed, all of them central to American society and culture, should be reshaped. Ahubris Bpropriety Cbias Dprescience Eindolence

【答案】A 【解析】冒号后面的内容说他们说话有种夸大的感觉，能对应这种特征的只能是 A 选项。hubris 傲慢自大。 【句子翻译】极其自命清高是每个作家都具有的共同特点，他们声称知道那些处于美国文化社会中心的，拥有得天独厚资源的庞大机构应该如何重塑。

The current _____ of repackaged music under Miles Davis` name might prompt any reasonable person to conclude that the recording vault has been plundered bare. Aglut Brevival Chodgepodge Dsurfeit Emodicum Fdearth

【答案】A D 【解析】后面提到 the recording vault has been plundered bare，所以原因必然是因为市场上出现大量的 repackaged recording，所以空格要选体现"多"的意思，答案选 AD 选项。glut 过量，surfeit 过量。 【句子翻译】当前以 Miles Davis 的名字而重新包装的音乐的泛滥可能会让一个明智的人得出这样一个结论：专辑库已经被洗劫一空了。

Joshua Gisemba Bagaka found that the pedagogical results of group projects and other engaged learning activities in Kenyan mathematics classroom were _____; such activities, then, may not be the best way of improving mathematics education. Aoverstated Bcounterintuitive Cmixed Ddiscouraging Einconsistent Finexplicable

【答案】C E 【解析】not be the best way of improving mathematics education 说明对这种方法给予了负评价，所以在选项中找负评价，正确答案选 CE 选项。mixed 矛盾的，inconsistent 不一致的。 【句子翻译】JGB 发现，肯尼亚数学教室的团体项目和其他相关培训活动的教学成绩参差不齐：那么，这些活动也许不是提升数学教育的最佳途径。 【选项释义】 A. overstated夸张的 B. counterintuitive违反直觉的 C. mixed混合的；矛盾复杂的 D. discouraging使人沮丧的 E. inconsistent前后矛盾的 F. inexplicable费解的

In the author's view, the idea that individuals have different learning styles, such as auditory or kinesthetic, is (i) _____; it may be highly intuitive to many, but it is simply(ii)______. Blank(i) a foundational assumption an untested hypothesis a pernicious myth Blank(ii) erroneous demoralizing incontrovertible

【答案】CD 【解析】两个分句都被挖空，所以是联动关系。如果1空填正确的，那么后面就只能填正确，因为如果是正确的就不能再说是错误的，不然前后矛盾；如果1空错误的，那只能填a pernicious myth，因为untested hypothesis 是表示没有证实的，如果这样的话，后面不能做出正确或者错误的判断，只能是未经证实，所以2空只能填erroneous 【难度】5 【句子翻译】在作者看来，个体有不同的学习风格，比如听觉学习或者运动学习，这个想法是有害的虚构的，对于很多人来说可能是非常直观的，但是其实是错误的。 【选项释义】 Blank(i) a foundational assumption 一个基础的假设 an untested hypothesis 一个没有被证实的假设 a pernicious myth 一个有害的神话 Blank(ii) erroneous 错误的 demoralizing 让人泄气的 incontrovertible 不可争辩的

Although the impression that quantum mechanics is limited to the microworld (i)____________ the public understanding of science, it is (ii)____________. Quantum effects may be harder to see in the macroworld, but experiments have now confirmed that these effects are (iii)____________ than anyone ever suspected. Blank(i)undermines contradicts permeates Blank(ii)erroneous compelling unpopular Blank(iii)more elusive more pervasive less counterintuitive

【答案】CDH 【解析】先完成三空，but转折前后相反，因此三空与harder to see取反，选H，常见普遍的。因此全文整体的意思是量子力学其实比人们以为的更为普遍存在，因此第一句整体句意与之相同。一空选C，尽管量子力学仅局限于微观世界的观点是大众普遍认为的，二空则选D，转折之后说明这种观点是错误的。 【句子翻译】尽管人们普遍认为量子力学仅限于微观世界，但它是错误的。 在宏观世界中可能很难看到量子效应，但实验现已证实，这些效应比任何人所以为的更为普遍。 【选项释义】 Blank(i) undermines 破坏 contradicts 与...矛盾 permeates 渗透 Blank(ii) erroneous 错误的 compelling 令人信服的 unpopular 不受欢迎的 Blank(iii) more elusive 更难以解释的 more pervasive 更普遍的 less counterintuitive 不那么违反直觉的

While Pompeian houses vary in their size, ground plan, and decorative schemes, they do tend to _____________ certain consistent design motivations: their owners all seem to have aimed toward creating a certain kind of domestic space. Ainform Bdefy Cinspire Dthwart Ebetray

【答案】E 【解析】while表示让步，所以从句和主句取反，又因为冒号表示解释说明，所以冒号前的空格和冒号后的内容取同。本句的主要意思是：虽然P的很多房子各有不同，但是他们都显露出一个同一个特点：都会创造某一种室内空间。E项 betray表示：显露出。需要注意，这是 betray的一个熟词僻义。 【句子翻译】虽然庞贝的房屋在尺寸、平面图和装饰方案上有所不同，但它们确实倾向于显露某些一致的设计动机:它们的业主似乎都旨在创造某种类型的家庭空间。 【选项释义】 inform表示：通知或充满，不符合句子意思。 defy表示：违抗。 inspire表示：激发，不能激发特点，不符合句子意思。 thwart表示：阻挠。

airtight

【考法1】 adj. 无瑕疵的： having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole 【例】 an airtight argument 滴水不漏、无懈可击的论断 【考法 2】 adj. 密封的，不透气的：impermeable to air or nearly so 【例】 an airtight seal 不透气的封口

constringe

【考法1】 vt. 使紧缩： to make narrow or draw together 【例】 A styptic pencil stopped the bleeding by constringing the small blood vessels at the site of cut. 止血笔 通过挤压伤口处的血管阻止了出血 【近】 capsule, constrict, narrow, compress, squeeze, telescope 【反】 broaden, expand, outstretch 扩展，扩宽

Even if the merits of the proposal are (i)_____, faculty members may be reluctant to (ii)_____, given their fear of offending the group that champions it. Blank(i) unparalleled dubious obvious Blank(ii)demur approve acquiesce

【解析】根据 given their fear of offending the group that champions it 能推出第二个空是他们不愿意去反对，第二空选 D 选项，那么第一空根据让步关系推出这个提议没有正评价，所以选 B 选项。 【句子翻译】即使这个建议的优点很可疑，教员们也不愿提出异议，因为他们害怕得罪那些支持这个提议的人。 【选项释义】 A. unparalleled无与伦比的 B. dubious可疑的 C. obvious明显的 D. demur反对 E. approve赞成 F. acquiesce默许

The writer had little interest in realism; many of his stories take place in a world either fancifully sketched out or purposefully __. A. mythical B. plausible C. mundane D. enigmatic E. banal F. ambiguous

【解析】答案：DF enigmatic(神秘难懂的) & ambiguous(模棱两可的) 两个词在大范围上，还是都属于"难理解的"范畴，所以GRE填空是一个选优的过程，永远选最接近的两个词。 enigmatic 神秘难懂的。电影《模仿游戏》里专门讲到"计算机科学之父"艾伦·图灵协助盟军破译德国用来加密通信的密码系统enigma machine，从而扭转二战战局的故事。

aloof

一個魯夫 保持距離

monogamy

一夫一妻制

irrevocable

不可撤回的、不可取消的 incapable of being changed or called back

disparate

不同的

maverick

不同見解者、不守常規者 one who is independent and resists adherence to a group

unobtrusive

不唐突的、不冒昧的、謙虛的 not readily noticeable, inconspicuous

sketchy

不完整的 superficial;slight not complete, clear, or detailed; suspicious

indubitable

不容置疑的 (adj.) certain, not to be doubted or denied

loath

不情願的 to dislike greatly

insubordinate

不服從的、違抗的 disobedient, rebellious

churlish

不禮貌的、粗野的 (adj.) lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with or deal with; rude

Proffering one increasingly improbable scene character after another, (i)_____ by the constraint of realism, the novel revels in this (ii)_____ by ever more brazenly defying its readers` presumed expectations. Blank(i) A.untrammeled B.liberated C.confined Blank(ii) D.exiguity E.ponderousness F.implausibility

不能选B。因为后面是constraint of realism，所以应该是"没有被束缚"，如果说"解放"，就变成"被现实主义的限制所解放"，是矛盾的。解放并不等于不束缚，解放是比较积极的，不被束缚是你有限制，但是我没有被你限制。 ans:AF

inexpedient

不適當的、不明智的 not useful for achieving a goal

immaterial

不重要的 insignificant; unimportant

side by side

並排、共存 collateral

intercept

中途攔截 to catch or block

after-the-fact

事後

obnoxious

令人不愉快的、可憎的

arbitrate

仲裁、公斷 to judge a dispute between two opposing parties

unruly

任性的、不守規矩的 difficult to control

discretionary

任意的、自由決定的 based on individual judgement; not compulsory

malefactor

作惡者、罪犯 mal惡 fac做 an evildoer; a person who does bad things

thriller

使人毛骨悚然的東西、恐怖小說 a book or film with an exciting story, often about crime

tonic

使人精神振奮的、滋補的

deflect

使偏斜、使轉向、避開 to turn or move to one side; to bend; to swerve

obfuscate

使困惑、使迷糊 to confuse; to bewilder

mortify

使屈辱、使失面子、使羞愧 to hurt someone's feelings deeply; to cause embarrassment or humiliation; to subdue or discipline by self-denial or suffering

propitiate

使平息、撫慰 to conciliate; to appease

hearten

使振奮 記：大心 to give strength, courage, or hope; to encourage

leaven

使有趣活潑、酵母 To make less heavy or serious

estrange/estrangement/estranger

使疏遠、使感情失和 記：to strange to alienate, to separate

afflict

使痛苦、折磨 to cause pain or suffering

disabuse

使省悟、糾正

protrude(S)

使突出、使伸出 extend beyond or above a surface

stifle

使窒息、悶死 (v.) to smother, prevent from breathing; to hold back or choke off

distend

使膨脹、漲大

morph

使變形shape

antiquate

使過時、廢棄 To make old or out of date.

occlude

使閉塞 to stop up; to prevent the passage of

seclude

使隔離、使孤立、使隱退、使隱居 to put in a private place

appall

使驚駭、使恐怖to fill with dismay or horror

contigent

依情況而定的 dependent on; conditional

chronological

依照時間前後排列而記載的

expedite

促進、加快進程 to make easy, cause to progress faster

cloister

修道院 monastery or convent

standstill

停滯 condition of no movement or activity; stop

stagnant

停滯 (adj.) not running or flowing; foul from standing still; inactive, sluggish, dull

imperious

傲慢的、專橫的 intensely compelling : urgent 緊急的 比較：imperative 必要的、緊急的 (adj.) overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; domineering(控制欲), pressing, compelling （Ｓ）(沒有self-centered的意思喔)

contagious

傳染的、有感染力的 Able to be passed easily from one person to another.

Convection

傳遞、傳送、熱對流

ascendancy

優勢、統治權、支配力量 controlling influence; domination

rife

充斥著、大量的 記：來福大量的口水 abundant; prevalent

replete

充滿的、裝滿的 full; abundant

forestall

先發制人、預先阻止

precursor

先驅、先兆 forerunner

acquiescence/acquiesce

免強同意、默許 (v.) to accept without protest; to agree or submit

equitable

公正的、合理的fair, just, embodying principles of justice

profess

公開宣布、生嗔 to affirm openly; to state belief in; to claim, pretend

collude

共謀、串通 Conspire; cooperate for illegal or fraudulent purposes

paragon

典範 a model of excellence or perfection

long-winded

冗長的、囉唆的 tediously long

snub

冷落、怠慢 treat with disdain or contempt; slight

mortal

凡人 (n.) a being that must eventually die; 會死的 (adj.) of or relating to such a being; causing death, fatal; possible, conceivable immortal 不會死的

dichtomous

分成兩個的divided into two parts

analyse/analyze

分析

secrete

分泌、隱藏 Produce and release a substance from a cell or gland of the body for a functional purpose

nascent

初生的、萌芽的

selfless

利他的 unselfish

razor

刮刀、刮鬍刀

peripatetic

到處走的、流動的

incentive

刺激、鼓勵 a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

notch

刻痕、槽口、凹口 indentation at the edge of a structure

genesis

創始、起源 beginning; origin

demarcate

劃分、劃界 set the boundaries or limits of

aggravate

加重、惡化 (v.) make worse (syn.) exacerbate

prowess

勇敢、傑出的才能、高超的技能 (n.) distinguished bravery; superior skill or ability athletic/sporting prowess 高超的運動／體育技能 He's always boasting about his sexual prowess.他總是吹噓自己的性愛技巧如何高超。

valiant

勇敢的、英勇的 brave, courageous

upheaval

動亂 (n.) a sudden, violent upward movement; great disorder or radical change

assiduous

勤勉的、專心的

inclusiveness

包容性

eminence/preeminent

卓越、顯赫、有名 記：阿姆Eminem fame or recognized superiority, especially within a particular sphere or profession

transcendent

卓越的、超越的 going beyond the limits of ordinary experience

alarmist

危言聳聽者 a person who scares or worries others needlessly

moribund

即將死的、垂死的 記：毛利小五郎 at the point of death

exculpation

原本有罪後開脫罪嫌 no longer considered guilty

misanthrope

厭世者 (n.) a person who hates or despises people

amicable

友好的

and not the other way around.

反之不成立

deprecate

反對、輕視

procure

取得、獲得 to obtain through special effort; to bring about

revolt

叛亂、造反、反感 rise in rebellion

colloquial

口說的、會話的

antics

古怪而可笑的舉動；噱頭

malleable

可塑的、展延的 capable of being shaped

formidable

可怕的、令人畏懼的inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable

conceivable/conceive

可想像的、可相信的 Think up a plan, Consider something unconceivable 難以相信的

longing

可望 yearning, desire

dependable

可靠的、可信賴的 capable of being relied on; trustworthy

saga

史詩 (n.) a narrative of heroic exploits; a long, detailed account

labored

吃力的、不自然的 forced, strained, unnatural

justified in suspecting

合理懷疑

too...not to

太...不会不... ex:He is too wise not to solve this problem.他非常聪明，一定能解决这一问题。 ex:Carrie was too worn by defeat not to feel that it was considerable.嘉利一再碰钉子，不能不感到这是个好机会

singularity

奇異、唯一、獨一

bonhomie

好性情、溫和、和藹 bon(好)homie good-natured geniality; atmosphere of good cheer

bellicose

好戰的、好鬥得 Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.

boon

好處、利益、恩惠 a timely benefit; a blessing

compromise

妥協、損害

august

威嚴的、高貴的

menacing

威脅的、不詳的 threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

lingering

存留的、持續的 lasting for a long time or slow to end

incubation

孵卵期、潛伏期 period of gestation

savant

學者、專家 a person of extensive learning; an eminent scholar

secretive

守口如瓶的 concealing; not open or frank

requiem

安魂曲 A song or religious service for the dead or lost

annul

宣告無效、取消

genealogy

家譜、宗譜 account of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor

incumbent

富有職責的、義不容辭的、現任的 incumbent president (adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of

affluent

富裕的、豐富的 wealthy

aesthete

審美家one who professes great sensitivity to the beauty of art and nature

capacious

寬敞的、容量大的 spacious, roomy

despot/despotic/despotism

專制君主、暴君 a dictator with absolute power

recording vault

專輯庫

revere (v), reverence (noun), reverent (adjective).

尊敬 反：不尊敬、無禮的 irreverent, irreverently, irrevernce

counterpart

對等、對口 (n.) a person or thing closely resembling or corresponding to another; a complement

minuscule

小寫的、微小的

meticulous

小心翼翼的、一絲不苟的 extremely careful; particular about details

shriek

尖叫 記：史瑞克 to scream

stoop

屈尊於 bend forward and down; lower or debase oneself; fall to a lower standard of behavior by doing something; condescend; Ex. stoop to lying

submit to

屈服於

incorrgible

屢勸不改的、冥頑不靈的 not able to be corrected; beyond control

pertroglyph

岩石雕刻 rock carving

tranquil

平靜的、安靜的 peaceful, calm

providential

幸運的、即時的 happening by good fortune

chimera

幻想、希臘女神女怪

preface

序言、引語 a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

back up extensively

廣泛支持

extensive

廣泛的、延伸的

endure

延續、持久、歷久彌新

protract

延長、拖長

polemical

引起爭議的 記：潑了你 causing debate or argument

potent

強而有力的、有影響力的 powerful; highly effective

accentuate

強調、以重音讀出、加重音符號於 to emphasize

constrain

強迫、迫使(v.) to force, compel; to restrain, hold back to control and limit something 限制；約束；束縛

from scratch

從0開始

receptive

從善如流的、善於接受的 open and responsive to ideas or suggestions

trifling

微不足道的、不重要的unimportant or trivial

tepid

微弱的 記：貼屁 lukewarm; unenthusiastic, marked by an absence of interest A tepid reaction is not enthusiastic. （反應）不熱情的，不熱烈的

fine-tune

微調 adjust slightly

commandeer

徵用 to seize for military or official use

expropriate

徵用、沒收 take possession of (often for public use and without payment)

brook

忍受 to tolerate; to endure; to countenance 記：布魯克忍受寂寞

forebear /forbearance

忍耐、抑制 記：熊很會忍

ingrate

忘恩負義的人 an ungrateful person

uncanny

怪異難懂的 (adj.) strange, mysterious, weird, beyond explanation Syn.: eerie, inexplicable, spooky

revert

恢復、回復到、重新考慮to return, go back

Bison routinely became fat-depleted in the spring, reducing their nutritional value, yet these groups did not supplement their diets with the nutritious, fat-rich fish that were abundantly available. Malainey et al. find a possible explanation in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth century accounts from three frontiersmen who had adapted to lean-meat diets during extended periods in the plains. 題幹：Select the sentence that describes the phenomenon that the passage is concerned with finding an explanation for.

題幹要尋找本文explanation的現象（phenomenon） Bison routinely became...這句是現象 Malainey et al. find a possible explanation...這句是解釋

upended

顛覆的 turned upside down

fictious

類似fiction imaginary or fake 虛構的、假的

hindsight

馬後砲 記：behind sight understanding of a situation or event only after it has happened or developed

evict

驅逐:expel to force out from a property, eject

sordid

骯髒的、污穢的 記：掃地 (adj.) wretchedly poor; run-down; mean or selfish

sleazy

骯髒齷齪的、卑鄙的 snake 嘶嘶嘶的聲音 (adj.) thin or flimsy in texture; cheap; shoddy or inferior in quality or character; ethically low, mean, or disreputable

inscrutable

高深莫測的、神秘的 (adj.) incapable of being understood; impossible to see through physically

florid

鮮紅色的、氣色好的、華麗的 (adj.) highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy

for all

（ 轉折詞最難單字)儘管、雖然

lowbrow

（S） (of entertainment) not complicated or demanding much intelligence to be understood （娛樂消遣）膚淺的，庸俗的 記：low bro 很ｌｏ喔bro

critical

（根據文章去判斷意思） of the greatest importance to the way things might happen 關鍵性的；決定性的；至關重要的 saying that someone or something is bad or wrong 批評的；批判的；挑剔的；謹嚴的

provenance

（藝術)出處、起源

Denotation vs. Connotation

（詞語的）指稱意義，本意Direct, literal meaning Ex: dog (an animal) vs 內涵意義；隱含意義Figurative, metaphorical meaning EX: dog (an unattractive girl)

cloture

（議會）討論終結 a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote

exceptional

（Ｓ） forming an exception : RARE 例外的 better than average : SUPERIOR 卓越的 deviating from the norm: such as a: having above or below average intelligence b: physically disabled 特殊的(高智商或低智商或是殘障) Synonyms: atypical, phenomenal, peculiar ex: a separate school for exceptional children

broach

（Ｓ） to begin a discussion of something difficult 開始討論；提出（難題等） 似：proposed to open a bottle or barrel in order to drink its contents （為飲用）開啟（酒瓶、酒桶等）

keen (adj), keenly (adv), keenness

（Ｓ） very interested, eager, or wanting (to do) something very much 熱衷的；熱心的；渴望的 extreme or very strong 強烈的，激烈的 very good or well developed 敏銳的；敏捷的; 精明的 very sharp 尖利的；寒風刺骨的 to make a loud, long, sad sound, especially because someone has died （尤指因某人死去而）慟哭

diversion

（Ｓ）(同：detour)a different route that is used because a road is closed 繞行路線 the fact of something being sent somewhere different from where it was originally intended to go 改變目的地；改變用途 something that takes your attention away from something else 轉移注意力的事物；分心的事物 an activity you do for entertainment 消遣，娛樂

open-ended

（Ｓ）An open-ended activity or situation does not have a planned ending, so it may develop in several ways. 無結論的；無限制的；未預作安排的

slippery

（Ｓ）If something is slippery, it is wet or smooth so that it slides easily or causes something to slide. 濕滑的，容易打滑的 Someone who is slippery cannot be trusted. 狡猾的 not firmly fixed : UNSTABLE 不固定的 （Ｓ）not precise or fixed in meaning : AMBIGUOUS, ELUSIVE 模糊不清的

oversight

（Ｓ）a mistake made because of a failure to notice something 失察、意外的疏忽、疏漏 The restaurant claimed that the food poisoning incident was due to an oversight in the kitchen.這家餐廳稱，此次食物中毒事件是由於廚房的工作疏忽而造成的 responsibility for a job or activity and for making sure it is being done correctly 監督；監察；監管

aberrant

（Ｓ）越軌的；反常的；異常的（尤指不能接受的） abnormal or deviant 變化：aberration

otherwise

（Ｓ）：本來的意思（就要取反） used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow that order or suggestion 否則，不然