Animal Tissue
Cardiac Muscle location
Myocardium of the heart
Adipose function
Stores fat/oil for energy; insulates against heat loss; shock absorber around some organs
muscle structure classification
Striated and non striated
Skeletal Muscle structure
Striated, multinucleated fibers
Cardiac Muscle structure
Striated, one centrally located nucleus per cell, intercalated discs at lateral ends; - Cells often form a branched layer - Intercalated discs- increase transmission of ATP
Neuron types
Types: Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent)
Areolar location
Under epithelial tissue, surrounds capillaries, wraps and cushions many organs; holds tissue fluid
Adipose location
Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; bone marrow; abdomen and hips
Areolar function
Universal packing material between other tissues; most widely distributed CT in the body; binds body parts together
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium location
Upper respiratory tract
Skeletal Muscle function
Voluntary (Fastest contracting muscle)
muscle function classification
Voluntary and involuntary
Smooth Muscle Location
Walls of blood vessels and viscera (except heart)
Simple Squamous Epithelium Location
Walls of capillaries (endothelium); Serous membranes (mesothelium); Mesothelium + connective tissue, e.g. pleura surrounding the lungs; Alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
Muscle tissue composition
contains contracting proteins: actin and myosin which if regularly arranged will make it appear striated
Autonomic Nervous system
controls contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle
Somatic Nervous system
controls contraction of skeletal muscle
MUSCLE TISSUES function
movement
Bone Location
skeleton
epithelial shapes
squamous; cuboidal, columnar
Connective tissue function
support, protection, fillers, transport, energy reserve; specific function(s) for each type
Bone Function
support, protection, movement, form; very vascular
Connective Tissue Proper types
Areolar (loose); Adipose (Fat Tissue); Dense (regular and irregular)
Nervous Tissue location
CNS (brain and cord); PNS (nerves and ganglia outside CNS) - Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system
Involuntary muscle function
Cardiac and Smooth
Neuron
Cell Body or Soma
Connective Tissue Composition
Cells and matrix
Vascular Tissue composition
Cells: Erythrocytes (RBC), Leucocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes (Platelets); Matrix: Plasma (a liquid!)
Bone composition
Cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts Matrix: amorphorous ground substance and fibers (mostly collagenous) and hydroxyapatite Canaliculi running through matrix Periosteum: CT covering
Cartilage Tissue Composition
Chondrocytes reside in lacunae within a matrix of mucopolysaccharides and fibers; Perichondrium - CT covering; Avascular - diffusion of nutrients / gases through the matrix
Dense Irregular Major cell type
Fibroblast ; Vascularized
Cartilage Tissue Function
Form and protection
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location
Moist: lining mouth, parts of pharynx, larynx and esophagus Keratinized: epidermis of skin
Striated Muscle structure
Skeletal and Cardiac
Muscle tissue types
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Non striated Muscle structure
Smooth
Bone types
Spongy or Cancellous and Compact
Stratified epithelial layer
Two or more cell layers thick
Muscle tissue location
attached to bone, walls of blood vessels and viscera
Skeletal Muscle location
attached to bones
Ways to classify epithelial
According to number of layers and cell shape
Connective tissue types
Connective tissue proper; Cartilage Tissue; Bone; Vascular Tissue (Blood)
Epithelial
Covers OR lines organs; Always has a free surface - apical; Cells fit tightly together; Avascular; Basal surface in contact with basement membrane;
Dense Irregular Location
Dermis (middle layer) of skin; fibrous capsules of organs, e.g. testes, kidneys, bones, cartilages, muscles, nerves
Simple Columnar Epithelium Location
Digestive tract & Glands
Major types of animal tissues
Epithelia, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
Connective tissue proper function
Functions as a packing agent, support
Simple Squamous Epithelium Function
Functions in diffusion and filtration
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function
Functions in protection of underlying tissues
Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium Function
Functions in protection, mucous secretion and movement of materials
Simple Columnar Epithelium Function
Functions in secretion (including mucous) and absorption (If ciliated--involved in movement of materials)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function
Functions in secretion and absorption, some protection
Dense Regular function
Great resistance to tension (pulling force) from one direction
Cartilage Tissue Types
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage, Calcified
Animal Tissue
Integrated group of cells with a common structure and function
Cardiac Muscle function
Involuntary; Myocardium of the heart
Smooth Muscle Function
Involuntary; Walls of blood vessels and viscera (except heart)
Dense Regular Location
Location: Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone)
Areolar major cell type
Major cell type: Fibroblast
Dense Regular major cell type
Major cell type: Fibroblast ; Poorly Vascularized
Dense Regular Structure
Matrix contains densely packed, parallel collagenous fibers; a few elastic fibers; Poorly vascularized
Dense Irregular Structure
Matrix contains irregularly arranged collagenous fibers; some elastic fibers; Vascularized
Areolar structure
Matrix gel-like containing three type of protein fibers: collagenous, elastic, and reticular; Fibers oriented in all directions
Nervous Tissue composition
Neuron -- the functional unit of the nervous system; Neuroglia including Schwann cells -- supportive cells
Smooth Muscle Structure
Non-striated, spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nucleus - Usually in layers - Slowest contracting muscle
simple epithelial layer
One cell layer thick
Neuron functions
Processes Dendrite(s) and Axon
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location
Renal tubules; Glands; Lower parts of respiratory tree; Covering ovaries
Dense Irregular Function
Resistant to tension from many different directions
Voluntary muscle function
Skeletal
Connective Tissue Location
Throughout vertebrate body
ways to classify muscle tissue
according to structure and function
Basement membrane
acellular material made by the epithelium above it and the connective tissue below it; anchors the epithelium to underlying tissue
Adipose structure
cells contained in sparse areolar connective tissue matrix; Fat/oil occupies most of a fat cell's volume; nucleus and cytoplasm thin layer pressed against plasma membrane; Highly vacularized
Vascular Tissue location
circulatory system
Nervous Tissue function
to monitor and respond to changes in the environment
Vascular Tissue function
transport of materials, temperature regulation, defense