Animal Tissue

Cardiac Muscle location

Myocardium of the heart

Adipose function

Stores fat/oil for energy; insulates against heat loss; shock absorber around some organs

muscle structure classification

Striated and non striated

Skeletal Muscle structure

Striated, multinucleated fibers

Cardiac Muscle structure

Striated, one centrally located nucleus per cell, intercalated discs at lateral ends; - Cells often form a branched layer - Intercalated discs- increase transmission of ATP

Neuron types

Types: Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent)

Areolar location

Under epithelial tissue, surrounds capillaries, wraps and cushions many organs; holds tissue fluid

Adipose location

Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; bone marrow; abdomen and hips

Areolar function

Universal packing material between other tissues; most widely distributed CT in the body; binds body parts together

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium location

Upper respiratory tract

Skeletal Muscle function

Voluntary (Fastest contracting muscle)

muscle function classification

Voluntary and involuntary

Smooth Muscle Location

Walls of blood vessels and viscera (except heart)

Simple Squamous Epithelium Location

Walls of capillaries (endothelium); Serous membranes (mesothelium); Mesothelium + connective tissue, e.g. pleura surrounding the lungs; Alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs

Muscle tissue composition

contains contracting proteins: actin and myosin which if regularly arranged will make it appear striated

Autonomic Nervous system

controls contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle

Somatic Nervous system

controls contraction of skeletal muscle

MUSCLE TISSUES function

movement

Bone Location

skeleton

epithelial shapes

squamous; cuboidal, columnar

Connective tissue function

support, protection, fillers, transport, energy reserve; specific function(s) for each type

Bone Function

support, protection, movement, form; very vascular

Connective Tissue Proper types

Areolar (loose); Adipose (Fat Tissue); Dense (regular and irregular)

Nervous Tissue location

CNS (brain and cord); PNS (nerves and ganglia outside CNS) - Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system

Involuntary muscle function

Cardiac and Smooth

Neuron

Cell Body or Soma

Connective Tissue Composition

Cells and matrix

Vascular Tissue composition

Cells: Erythrocytes (RBC), Leucocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes (Platelets); Matrix: Plasma (a liquid!)

Bone composition

Cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts Matrix: amorphorous ground substance and fibers (mostly collagenous) and hydroxyapatite Canaliculi running through matrix Periosteum: CT covering

Cartilage Tissue Composition

Chondrocytes reside in lacunae within a matrix of mucopolysaccharides and fibers; Perichondrium - CT covering; Avascular - diffusion of nutrients / gases through the matrix

Dense Irregular Major cell type

Fibroblast ; Vascularized

Cartilage Tissue Function

Form and protection

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location

Moist: lining mouth, parts of pharynx, larynx and esophagus Keratinized: epidermis of skin

Striated Muscle structure

Skeletal and Cardiac

Muscle tissue types

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Non striated Muscle structure

Smooth

Bone types

Spongy or Cancellous and Compact

Stratified epithelial layer

Two or more cell layers thick

Muscle tissue location

attached to bone, walls of blood vessels and viscera

Skeletal Muscle location

attached to bones

Ways to classify epithelial

According to number of layers and cell shape

Connective tissue types

Connective tissue proper; Cartilage Tissue; Bone; Vascular Tissue (Blood)

Epithelial

Covers OR lines organs; Always has a free surface - apical; Cells fit tightly together; Avascular; Basal surface in contact with basement membrane;

Dense Irregular Location

Dermis (middle layer) of skin; fibrous capsules of organs, e.g. testes, kidneys, bones, cartilages, muscles, nerves

Simple Columnar Epithelium Location

Digestive tract & Glands

Major types of animal tissues

Epithelia, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Connective tissue proper function

Functions as a packing agent, support

Simple Squamous Epithelium Function

Functions in diffusion and filtration

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function

Functions in protection of underlying tissues

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium Function

Functions in protection, mucous secretion and movement of materials

Simple Columnar Epithelium Function

Functions in secretion (including mucous) and absorption (If ciliated--involved in movement of materials)

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function

Functions in secretion and absorption, some protection

Dense Regular function

Great resistance to tension (pulling force) from one direction

Cartilage Tissue Types

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage, Calcified

Animal Tissue

Integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

Cardiac Muscle function

Involuntary; Myocardium of the heart

Smooth Muscle Function

Involuntary; Walls of blood vessels and viscera (except heart)

Dense Regular Location

Location: Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone)

Areolar major cell type

Major cell type: Fibroblast

Dense Regular major cell type

Major cell type: Fibroblast ; Poorly Vascularized

Dense Regular Structure

Matrix contains densely packed, parallel collagenous fibers; a few elastic fibers; Poorly vascularized

Dense Irregular Structure

Matrix contains irregularly arranged collagenous fibers; some elastic fibers; Vascularized

Areolar structure

Matrix gel-like containing three type of protein fibers: collagenous, elastic, and reticular; Fibers oriented in all directions

Nervous Tissue composition

Neuron -- the functional unit of the nervous system; Neuroglia including Schwann cells -- supportive cells

Smooth Muscle Structure

Non-striated, spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nucleus - Usually in layers - Slowest contracting muscle

simple epithelial layer

One cell layer thick

Neuron functions

Processes Dendrite(s) and Axon

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location

Renal tubules; Glands; Lower parts of respiratory tree; Covering ovaries

Dense Irregular Function

Resistant to tension from many different directions

Voluntary muscle function

Skeletal

Connective Tissue Location

Throughout vertebrate body

ways to classify muscle tissue

according to structure and function

Basement membrane

acellular material made by the epithelium above it and the connective tissue below it; anchors the epithelium to underlying tissue

Adipose structure

cells contained in sparse areolar connective tissue matrix; Fat/oil occupies most of a fat cell's volume; nucleus and cytoplasm thin layer pressed against plasma membrane; Highly vacularized

Vascular Tissue location

circulatory system

Nervous Tissue function

to monitor and respond to changes in the environment

Vascular Tissue function

transport of materials, temperature regulation, defense